Associations between Food Policy Councils and Policies That Support Healthy Food Access: A National Survey of Community Policy Supports
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Disclaimer
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Food Policy Council |
---|
Does your jurisdiction have a local or regional food policy council, food security coalition, or similar entity?
|
New Supermarkets or Existing Convenience or Corner Stores |
Supermarket Supports: Does your local government currently use any of the following approaches to encourage supermarkets and other full-service grocery stores to open stores?
|
Farmers Markets, Farm Stands, & Green/Produce Carts |
Permitting/Financial Supports: Does your local government have any policies related to farmers markets, farm stands, or green/produce carts that.
|
Transportation-Related Supports |
Dedicated Vans/Shuttles: Does your local government have a policy that supports dedicated transportation (e.g., community vans or shuttle buses) to supermarkets, other full-service grocery stores, or farmers markets for these residents? Consideration of Accessibility: Does your local government consider accessibility to supermarkets or other full-service grocery stores in their assessment of public transportation routes? |
Community Planning Documents |
Does your local government have any of the following objectives included in the (comprehensive/general/master) plan(s)?
|
Municipality Characteristic | n | Yes, % (95% CI) | p-Value b | aOR c (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
All Municipalities a | 2019 | 7.7 (6.5, 8.8) | -- | -- |
Population Size | ||||
<2500 people | 717 | 4.3 (2.8, 5.8) | <0.0001 | Ref |
2500–49,999 people | 1160 | 7.0 (5.6, 8.5) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.1) | |
≥50,000 people | 142 | 29.2 (21.6, 36.8) | 7.7 (3.4, 17.7) | |
Urban/Rural Status | ||||
Rural (≤50% urban) | 538 | 4.2 (2.5, 5.9) | 0.0006 | Ref |
Urban (>50% urban) | 1481 | 8.7 (7.3, 10.2) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.8) | |
Geographic Region | ||||
South | 706 | 5.9 (4.1, 7.6) | 0.0012 | Ref |
Midwest | 745 | 7.6 (5.7, 9.5) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.6) | |
Northeast | 233 | 6.5 (3.3, 9.7) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.3) | |
West | 335 | 13.2 (9.6, 16.8) | 1.9 (1.2, 3.2) | |
Median Education Level | ||||
≤High school | 890 | 7.0 (5.3, 8.7) | 0.3749 | Ref |
≥Some college | 1129 | 8.1 (6.5, 9.6) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | |
Poverty Prevalence | ||||
<20% below FPL | 1409 | 7.1 (5.8, 8.4) | 0.2029 | Ref |
≥20% below FPL | 610 | 8.7 (6.5, 11.0) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||
>50% non-Hispanic white | 1751 | 7.1 (5.9, 8.3) | 0.0354 | Ref |
≤50 non-Hispanic white | 268 | 10.8 (7.1, 14.5) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) |
Overall Prevalence a | Prevalence among Those with FPCs (n = 156) | Prevalence among Those without FPCs (n = 1631) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (FPC vs. no FPC b) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of Supports for Healthy Food Access | n | % | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI |
Any | 1538 | 85.9 | 96.9 | (94.1, 99.6) | 84.9 | (83.1, 86.6) | 4.1 | (1.6, 10.4) |
New Supermarkets or Existing Convenience or Corner Stores | 665 | 36.9 | 63.8 | (56.3, 71.3) | 34.4 | (32.1, 36.7) | 3.3 | (2.3, 4.7) |
Supermarkets Supports | 611 | 34.0 | 54.3 | (46.5, 62.2) | 32.1 | (29.8, 34.3) | 2.6 | (1.8, 3.6) |
Convenience/Corner Store Supports | 242 | 13.6 | 41.7 | (33.9, 49.6) | 11.0 | (9.4, 12.5) | 4.8 | (3.3, 7.1) |
Farmers Markets, Farm Stands, & Green/Produce Carts | 1209 | 67.6 | 88.1 | (83.0, 93.2) | 65.9 | (63.3, 68.0) | 3.3 | (2.0, 5.5) |
Permitting or Financial Supports for Farmers Markets | 1201 | 67.1 | 86.9 | (81.6, 92.2) | 65.3 | (63.0, 67.6) | 3.1 | (1.9, 5.0) |
Support for EBT at Farmers Markets | 104 | 5.8 | 19.3 | (13.1, 25.6) | 4.5 | (3.5, 5.6) | 3.2 | (1.9, 5.6) |
Transportation-Related Supports | 518 | 29.0 | 54.3 | (46.4, 62.2) | 26.6 | (24.5, 28.7) | 2.4 | (1.6, 3.5) |
Dedicated Vans/Shuttles to Healthy Food Retailers | 259 | 14.6 | 17.5 | (11.6, 23.5) | 14.4 | (12.7, 16.1) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.7) |
Consideration of Accessibility in Public Transit Routes | 409 | 22.7 | 49.8 | (41.9, 57.7) | 20.1 | (18.2, 22.1) | 2.8 | (1.9, 4.1) |
Community Planning Documents | 1143 | 63.8 | 86.9 | (81.6, 92.2) | 61.6 | (59.2, 64.0) | 3.4 | (2.1, 5.5) |
Farmers Markets/Community Gardens | 1013 | 56.6 | 80.1 | (73.9, 86.3) | 54.4 | (52.0, 56.8) | 2.8 | (1.8, 4.3) |
Preserving Land for Agricultural Uses | 571 | 31.4 | 48.2 | (40.3, 56.1) | 29.8 | (27.6, 32.0) | 1.9 | (1.4, 2.8) |
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Lange, S.J.; Calancie, L.; Onufrak, S.J.; Reddy, K.T.; Palmer, A.; Lowry Warnock, A. Associations between Food Policy Councils and Policies That Support Healthy Food Access: A National Survey of Community Policy Supports. Nutrients 2021, 13, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020683
Lange SJ, Calancie L, Onufrak SJ, Reddy KT, Palmer A, Lowry Warnock A. Associations between Food Policy Councils and Policies That Support Healthy Food Access: A National Survey of Community Policy Supports. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020683
Chicago/Turabian StyleLange, Samantha J., Larissa Calancie, Stephen J. Onufrak, Katherine T. Reddy, Anne Palmer, and Amy Lowry Warnock. 2021. "Associations between Food Policy Councils and Policies That Support Healthy Food Access: A National Survey of Community Policy Supports" Nutrients 13, no. 2: 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020683