The Current Level of MALDI-TOF MS Applications in the Detection of Microorganisms: A Short Review of Benefits and Limitations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Approach to the Methodological Concept
3. Identification Reliability of MALDI-TOF
4. Detection of Infection Directly from Blood Culture by MALDI-TOF
5. Detection of Infection Directly from Urine by MALDI-TOF
6. Detection of Milk Microbial Contamination by MALDI-TOF
7. Utilization of MALDI-TOF in the Detection of Anaerobic Bacteria
8. Summary of Possible Advantages and Limits of Microbial Identification by MALDI-TOF
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Diagnostic Sample | Advantages of MALDI- TOF | Limitation of MALDI-TOF | Directions for Use |
---|---|---|---|
Identification of pure cultures | |||
Gram+ bacteria | High-confidence identification [52] | Spore formation ability distorts the mass spectrum [53] | It is important to examine 24-h culture. |
Gram− bacteria | High-confidence identification [52] | - | Cultures that are older than 24 h can also be examined. |
Fungi | The species in the library can be reliably identified [54] | Difficult to extract the eukaryotic riboprotein [55] | An extra exploration procedure is required during sample preparation. |
Anaerobic culture | High-confidence identification (If it is not spore-forming species) [56] | - | Depends on the Gram type. |
Direct identification from biological samples | |||
Blood culture | Possible to detect bloodstream infection [38] | It is necessary for bacterial abundance above a certain threshold [57] | The separation of blood cells is required to recover the bacterial cells selectively. |
Urine | Possible to detect urinary tract infections directly [38] | Above 103 cell.ml [58] | A membrane filtration or magnetic separation-based collection or enrichment of the pathogen. |
Milk | Direct identification from samples is possible [45] | It is rare for only one microbe to be present above the detectable threshold [59] | Confirmation of the result is recommended by DNA sequencing or culturing. |
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Haider, A.; Ringer, M.; Kotroczó, Z.; Mohácsi-Farkas, C.; Kocsis, T. The Current Level of MALDI-TOF MS Applications in the Detection of Microorganisms: A Short Review of Benefits and Limitations. Microbiol. Res. 2023, 14, 80-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14010008
Haider A, Ringer M, Kotroczó Z, Mohácsi-Farkas C, Kocsis T. The Current Level of MALDI-TOF MS Applications in the Detection of Microorganisms: A Short Review of Benefits and Limitations. Microbiology Research. 2023; 14(1):80-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14010008
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaider, Ali, Marianna Ringer, Zsolt Kotroczó, Csilla Mohácsi-Farkas, and Tamás Kocsis. 2023. "The Current Level of MALDI-TOF MS Applications in the Detection of Microorganisms: A Short Review of Benefits and Limitations" Microbiology Research 14, no. 1: 80-90. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14010008