Cardiometabolic Differences in People Living with HIV Receiving Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Compared to Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Implications for Current ART Strategies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Data Collection
2.2. Ethics
2.3. Untargeted Metabolomics
2.4. Targeted Lipoproteomics
2.5. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Participant Selection and Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling in INSTI and NNRTI Users
3.3. Targeted Lipoproteomic Profiling in INSTI and NNRTI Users
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Discovery Cohort | Validation Cohort | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
INSTI | NNRTI | p-val | INSTI | NNRTI | p-val | |
n = 730 | n = 617 | n = 209 | n = 90 | |||
Age in years (IQR) | 51.0 (41.0–58.0) | 53.0 (46.0–60.0) | 0.0001 | 52.0 (45.0–61.0) | 54.0 (48.0–60.0) | 0.27 |
Sex at birth (male) | 619 (84.8%) | 533 (86.4%) | 0.44 | 178 (85.2%) | 74 (82.2%) | 0.60 |
BMI in kg/m2 Median (IQR) | 25.0 (22.7–27.7) | 24.7 (22.2–27.4) | 0.061 | 25.8 (23.0–28.4) | 25.1 (22.6–27.4) | 0.25 |
Ethnicity (white) | 543 (74.4%) | 454 (73.6%) | 0.71 | 180 (86.1%) | 78 (86.7%) | 1.0 |
Non-white | 185 (25.3%) | 163 (26.4%) | 29 (13.9%) | 12 (13.3%) | ||
Missing | 2 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
HIV duration in years Median (IQR) | 10.8 (5.7–16.5) | 14.6 (9.9–20.4) | <0.0001 | 7.0 (3.5–12.7) | 14.1 (10.3–19.4) | <0.0001 |
cART Duration in years Median (IQR) | 8.3 (4.7–13.4) | 11.5 (8.3–17.9) | <0.0001 | 6.0 (3.3–10.6) | 11.2 (7.8–17.9) | <0.0001 |
Latest CD4 count (×106 cells/L) Median (IQR) | 740.0 (550.5–940.0) | 698.5 (550.2–917.5) | 0.096 | 660.0 (480.0–810.0) | 685.0 (512.5–867.5) | 0.16 |
CD4 Nadir (×106 cells/L) Median (IQR) | 280.0 (160.0–422.5) | 240.0 (150.0–350.0) | <0.0001 | 290.0 (170.0–452.5) | 280.0 (145.0–365.0) | 0.072 |
Viral Load Zenith (copies/mL) Median (IQR) | 97,000.0 (36,650.5–248,154.0) | 100,000.0 (40,000.0–262,000.0) | 0.36 | 156,748.0 (39,240.8–346,862.5) | 200,000.0 (70,264.0–387,309.0) | 0.20 |
Currently smoking | 238 (32.6%) | 167 (27.1%) | 0.013 | 59 (28.2%) | 31 (34.4%) | 0.40 |
Missing | 56 (7.7%) | 35 (5.7%) | 23 (11.0%) | 7 (7.8%) | ||
Packyears Median (IQR) | 6.0 (0.0–22.0) | 4.5 (0.0–21.5) | 0.73 | 6.0 (0.0–28.5) | 10.3 (0.0–34.0) | 0.33 |
Had Non-AIDS malignancy | 28 (3.8%) | 30 (4.9%) | 0.42 | 12 (5.7%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0.57 |
Had previous cardiovascular disease | 214 (29.3%) | 209 (33.9%) | 0.077 | 66 (31.6%) | 29 (32.2%) | 1.0 |
On lipid lowering medication | 141 (19.3%) | 112 (18.2%) | 0.62 | 40 (19.1%) | 22 (24.4%) | 0.35 |
INSTI in use: | ||||||
Dolutegravir | 435 (60%) | 77 (37%) | ||||
Bictegravir | 164 (22%) | 39 (19%) | ||||
Elvitegravir | 112 (15% | 90 (43%) | ||||
Raltegravir | 19 (3%) | 3 (1%) | ||||
NNRTI in use: | ||||||
Nevirapine | 236 (38%) | 38 (42%) | ||||
Doravirine | 164 (27%) | 5 (6%) | ||||
Rilpivirine | 133 (22%) | 28 (31%) | ||||
Efavirenz | 84 (14%) | 19 (21%) |
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Share and Cite
Vos, W.A.J.W.; Vadaq, N.; Matzaraki, V.; Otten, T.; Groenendijk, A.L.; Blaauw, M.J.T.; van Eekeren, L.E.; Brinkman, K.; de Mast, Q.; Riksen, N.P.; et al. Cardiometabolic Differences in People Living with HIV Receiving Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Compared to Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Implications for Current ART Strategies. Viruses 2024, 16, 582. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040582
Vos WAJW, Vadaq N, Matzaraki V, Otten T, Groenendijk AL, Blaauw MJT, van Eekeren LE, Brinkman K, de Mast Q, Riksen NP, et al. Cardiometabolic Differences in People Living with HIV Receiving Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Compared to Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Implications for Current ART Strategies. Viruses. 2024; 16(4):582. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040582
Chicago/Turabian StyleVos, Wilhelm A. J. W., Nadira Vadaq, Vasiliki Matzaraki, Twan Otten, Albert L. Groenendijk, Marc J. T. Blaauw, Louise E. van Eekeren, Kees Brinkman, Quirijn de Mast, Niels P. Riksen, and et al. 2024. "Cardiometabolic Differences in People Living with HIV Receiving Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Compared to Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Implications for Current ART Strategies" Viruses 16, no. 4: 582. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040582