mRNA Vaccine Development for Emerging Animal and Zoonotic Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Forms of mRNA Vaccines
2.1. Non-Amplifying mRNA Vaccines
2.2. Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccines
3. Delivery Platform and Formulation of mRNA Vaccines
4. Mechanism of Immune Response Induced by mRNA Vaccines
5. Development of mRNA Vaccines for Prevention of Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses
5.1. mRNA Vaccines for Foot-and-Mouth Disease
5.2. mRNA Vaccines for Rabies Disease
5.3. mRNA Vaccines for Influenza
5.4. mRNA Vaccines for Zoonotic Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses
6. The Future Potential and Challenges of mRNA Vaccines in the Veterinary Field
6.1. T-Cell-Directed mRNA Vaccine for ASFV
6.2. Polyvalent Mosaic mRNA Vaccine for PRRSV
6.3. RBD-Based mRNA Vaccine for Animal Coronavirus
6.4. E2-Based mRNA Vaccine for Pestiviruses
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Types | Inactivated Vaccines | Live Attenuated Vaccines | Recombinant Subunit Vaccines or Synthetic Peptide Vaccines | Recombinant Live Vectored Vaccines | DNA Vaccines | mRNA Vaccines | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | |||||||
Advantages | Strong humoral immune responses | + | ++ | + | ++ | + | + |
Strong cellular immune responses | - | ++ | - | ++ | + | ++ | |
Rapid development and production | + | - | + | + | ++ | ++ | |
Discrimination between infected and vaccinated animals | + | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | |
Good stability | + | + | + | + | ++ | - | |
Convenient storage conditions | + | - | + | - | ++ | - | |
Disadvantages | Infectious | N | Y | N | Y | N | N |
Reversion or mutation | - | ++ | - | + | - | - | |
Risk at genetic integration | - | + | - | + | ++ | - | |
Adjuvants required | Y | N | Y | N | N | N |
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Le, T.; Sun, C.; Chang, J.; Zhang, G.; Yin, X. mRNA Vaccine Development for Emerging Animal and Zoonotic Diseases. Viruses 2022, 14, 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020401
Le T, Sun C, Chang J, Zhang G, Yin X. mRNA Vaccine Development for Emerging Animal and Zoonotic Diseases. Viruses. 2022; 14(2):401. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020401
Chicago/Turabian StyleLe, Ting, Chao Sun, Jitao Chang, Guijie Zhang, and Xin Yin. 2022. "mRNA Vaccine Development for Emerging Animal and Zoonotic Diseases" Viruses 14, no. 2: 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020401