Effect of Blend Composition on Barrier Properties of Insulating Mats Produced from Local Wool and Waste Bast Fibres
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
Manufacture of Mats
- -
- 10 kg wool and 30 kg bast fibres (mat composition 25% W/75% B);
- -
- 20 kg wool and 20 kg bast fibres (mat composition 50% W/50% B);
- -
- 30 kg wool and 10 kg bast fibres (mat composition 75% W/25% B).
2.2. Methods
- Thickness in accordance with PN-EN 9073-2. The test was performed using an electronic thickness gauge J-40-V (Checkline, Germany), with a load of 0.5 kPa.
- Surface density in accordance with PN-EN 29073-1. The tests were performed using a Mettler PM 480 electronic balance (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland).
- Air permeability in accordance with PN-EN ISO 9237. The tests were carried out using the Air Permeability Tester III FX 3300 apparatus (Textest Instruments Switzerland), at a pressure of 200 kPa.
- Sound absorption coefficient (α) in accordance with PN-EN ISO 10534-1. The tests were performed using the standing wave method with the use of an impedance tube by Brüel & Kjaer 4002 containing one microphone. Measurements were made for round samples with a diameter of 100 mm at third- octave intervals in the frequency range of 250–3150 Hz. During the measurements, a one-dimensional acoustic field was generated inside the tube. The plane sound wave was propagated in the tube and then reflected at the other end of it. As a result of the interference of the reflected wave with the incident wave inside the tube, a standing wave was formed with sound pressure maxima and minima. The sound absorption coefficient was calculated based on the ratio of the measured maximum and minimum standing wave sound pressures.
- Noise reduction coefficient (NRC) was calculated as the average value of the sound absorption coefficients at the frequencies of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz.
- Thermal resistance (Rct) in accordance with PN-EN ISO 11092. The tests were carried out using a heat-insulated SGHP-8.2 sweating plate with a CEO 910-4 environmental chamber (Measurement Technology, Whitestown, IN, USA).
- Thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) in accordance with PN-EN 12667. The test was performed with the use of the LaserComp FOX314 apparatus (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). The tests were carried out with the use of a fixed, constant flow of heat flux passing through the tested samples. The temperature range used was from −20 °C to + 55 °C with a temperature difference of 25 °C.
- The statistical evaluation of the test results was performed on the basis of the non-parametric ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis test at a significance level of 0.05 using the Statistica software 8.0.
3. Results
3.1. Properties of Materials
3.2. Sound Absorption Coefficient, α, and Noise Reduction Coefficient, NRC
3.3. Thermal Resistance, Rct, and Thermal Conductivity, λ, Coefficients
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Thickness | Surface Density | Air Permeability | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AV mm | SD mm | CV % | AV g/m2 | SD g/m2 | CV % | AV mm/s | SD mm/s | CV % | |
100% B | 6.8 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 1279 | 95 | 7 | 329 | 80 | 24 |
25% W/75% B | 10.2 | 0.6 | 6.1 | 1491 | 206 | 14 | 620 | 137 | 22 |
50% W/50% B | 10.5 | 0.8 | 8.0 | 1036 | 23 | 2 | 882 | 177 | 20 |
75% W/25% B | 10.6 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 1330 | 126 | 9 | 1289 | 168 | 13 |
100% W | 8.6 | 0.6 | 6.5 | 986 | 81 | 8 | 2539 | 390 | 15 |
Sample | Thermal Resistance Rct | Thermal Conductivity λ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AV m2 K/W | SD m2 K/W | CV % | AV W/mK | SD W/mK | CV % | |
100% B | 0.1365 | 0.0031 | 2.2639 | 0.057 | 0.002 | 3.993 |
25% W/75% B | 0.1967 | 0.0025 | 1.2749 | 0.046 | 0.002 | 5.265 |
50% W/50% B | 0.2194 | 0.0054 | 2.4474 | 0.041 | 0.002 | 5.890 |
75% W/25% B | 0.2443 | 0.0024 | 0.9752 | 0.037 | 0.002 | 6.209 |
100% W | 0.2407 | 0.0037 | 1.5624 | 0.034 | 0.002 | 7.044 |
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Kicińska-Jakubowska, A.; Broda, J.; Zimniewska, M.; Bączek, M.; Mańkowski, J. Effect of Blend Composition on Barrier Properties of Insulating Mats Produced from Local Wool and Waste Bast Fibres. Materials 2023, 16, 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010459
Kicińska-Jakubowska A, Broda J, Zimniewska M, Bączek M, Mańkowski J. Effect of Blend Composition on Barrier Properties of Insulating Mats Produced from Local Wool and Waste Bast Fibres. Materials. 2023; 16(1):459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010459
Chicago/Turabian StyleKicińska-Jakubowska, Anna, Jan Broda, Małgorzata Zimniewska, Marcin Bączek, and Jerzy Mańkowski. 2023. "Effect of Blend Composition on Barrier Properties of Insulating Mats Produced from Local Wool and Waste Bast Fibres" Materials 16, no. 1: 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010459