Microstructure Evolution, Constitutive Modelling, and Superplastic Forming of Experimental 6XXX-Type Alloys Processed with Different Thermomechanical Treatments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Microstructure of the Alloy
3.2. Superplastic Deformation Behavior
3.3. Constitutive Modeling of the Superplastic Deformation
3.4. The Microstructural Evolution during Superplastic Deformation
3.5. Superplastic Forming
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Regime | Annealing Regime for As-Cast Alloy | Reduction at Hot Rolling (%) | Reduction at Cold Rolling (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1HR | 350 °C, 8h | 95 | 0 |
2HR | 350 °C, 8h + 480 °C, 3h | 95 | 0 |
CR50 | 90 | 50 | |
CR80 | 75 | 80 |
Microstructural Parameter | Regimes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1HR | 2HR | CR50 | CR80 | |
Al9FeNi particle size (µm) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
Al9FeNi particle aspect ratio | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.72 | 0.72 |
Mg2Si particle size (µm) | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 |
Mg2Si aspect ratio | 0.71 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Interparticle space | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
Standard deviation for interparticle space | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
Constant Strain Rate (s−1) | Treatment Regime | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1HR | 2HR | CR50 | CR80 | |
2 × 10−3 | 348 ± 8 | 447 ± 5 | 370 ± 10 | 420 ± 20 |
5 × 10−3 | 348 ± 12 | 442 ± 7 | 380 ± 10 | 390 ± 25 |
1 × 10−2 | 353 ± 5 | 470 ± 5 | 420 ± 16 | 450 ± 20 |
Strain Rate (s−1) | Temperature, °C | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
440 | 460 | 480 | 500 | 440 | 460 | 480 | 500 | |
Elongation (%) | σ at ε = 1 (MPa) | |||||||
2 × 10−3 | 450 ± 8 | 458 ± 5 | 447 ± 5 | 452 ± 8 | 17 | 14 | 13 | 13 |
5 × 10−3 | 371 ± 7 | 498 ± 5 | 442 ± 7 | 357 ± 10 | 23 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
8 × 10−3 | 376 ± 5 | 388 ± 5 | 452 ± 5 | 375 ± 8 | 26 | 20 | 18 | 19 |
1 × 10−2 | 380 ± 7 | 390 ± 6 | 470 ± 5 | 343 ± 10 | 27 | 23 | 21 | 20 |
2 × 10−2 | 267 ± 5 | 267 ± 5 | 352 ± 7 | 317 ± 5 | 32 | 28 | 27 | 27 |
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Mochugovskiy, A.G.; Mosleh, A.O.; Kotov, A.D.; Khokhlov, A.V.; Kaplanskaya, L.Y.; Mikhaylovskaya, A.V. Microstructure Evolution, Constitutive Modelling, and Superplastic Forming of Experimental 6XXX-Type Alloys Processed with Different Thermomechanical Treatments. Materials 2023, 16, 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010445
Mochugovskiy AG, Mosleh AO, Kotov AD, Khokhlov AV, Kaplanskaya LY, Mikhaylovskaya AV. Microstructure Evolution, Constitutive Modelling, and Superplastic Forming of Experimental 6XXX-Type Alloys Processed with Different Thermomechanical Treatments. Materials. 2023; 16(1):445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010445
Chicago/Turabian StyleMochugovskiy, Andrey G., Ahmed O. Mosleh, Anton D. Kotov, Andrey V. Khokhlov, Ludmila Yu. Kaplanskaya, and Anastasia V. Mikhaylovskaya. 2023. "Microstructure Evolution, Constitutive Modelling, and Superplastic Forming of Experimental 6XXX-Type Alloys Processed with Different Thermomechanical Treatments" Materials 16, no. 1: 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010445