Gut and Gill-Associated Microbiota of the Flatfish European Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa): Diversity, Metabolome and Bioactivity against Human and Aquaculture Pathogens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Strain Isolation and Cultivation
2.1.1. Bacterial Isolates
2.1.2. Fungal Isolates
2.2. Cultivation, Extraction and Bioactivity Assessments
2.3. Molecular Network-Based Untargeted Metabolomics
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. General Procedures
4.2. Sampling and Dissections
4.3. Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms
4.4. Cultivation
4.5. Extraction
4.6. UPLC-QToF-MS/MS-Based Metabolome Analyses
4.7. Bioactivity Assessments
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code | Taxonomical ID | Origin | Medium/ Regime | Vi | Lg | MRSA | Ef |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PG1-B | Shewanella baltica | Gill | MA solid | >100 | >100 | 20.2 | 26.4 |
MB liquid | >100 | 41.7 | 18.8 | 8.8 | |||
PG10-B | Chryseobacterium carnis | Gill | MA solid | 18.6 | >100 | 39.0 | 41.9 |
MB liquid | >100 | >100 | >100 | 51.0 | |||
PG11-B | Microbacterium sp. | Gill | MA solid | >100 | >100 | 45.9 | 86.6 |
MB liquid | 5.7 | >100 | >100 | >100 | |||
PG12-B | Vibrio aestuarianus | Gill | MA solid | 17.2 | 27.8 | 19.1 | 34.4 |
MB liquid | 43.9 | >100 | 61.0 | 43.4 | |||
PID21-B | Bacillus sp. | Gut (Intestine) Digesta | MA solid | 4.7 | >100 | 10.2 | >100 |
MB liquid | 28.4 | >100 | 5.9 | >100 | |||
PI1-B | Bacillus sp. | Gut (Intestine) Epithelium | MA solid | >100 | 14.7 | 18.5 | 15.0 |
MB liquid | >100 | 54.2 | 22.1 | 11.6 | |||
PI2-B | Vibrio sp. | Gut (Intestine) Epithelium | MA solid | >100 | 14.1 | 15.8 | 17.5 |
MB liquid | >100 | >100 | 36.4 | 9.0 | |||
PI8-B | Pseudoalteromonas sp. | Gut (Intestine) Epithelium | MA solid | >100 | 28.3 | 21.2 | 50.4 |
MB liquid | >100 | 36.6 | 8.1 | 8.2 | |||
PS3-B | Psychrobacter sp. | Gut (Stomach) Epithelium | MA solid | >100 | >100 | 23.3 | 28.9 |
MB liquid | >100 | >100 | 11.4 | 7.5 | |||
MCC-PID1-B | Photobacterium sp. | Gut (Intestine) Digesta | MA solid | >100 | 40.2 | 35.0 | 69.0 |
MB liquid | n.g. | n.g. | n.g. | n.g. | |||
PSD4-B | Shewanella colwelliana | Gut (Stomach) Digesta | MA solid | >100 | 25.4 | 29.1 | 30.8 |
MB liquid | n.g. | n.g. | n.g. | n.g. | |||
PID2-B | Shewanella aestuarii | Gut (Intestine) Digesta | MA solid | n.g. | n.g. | n.g. | n.g. |
MB liquid | >100 | >100 | 6.8 | 4.9 | |||
PI9-F | Aureobasidium pullulans | Gut (Intestine) Epithelium | PDA solid | >100 | 22.6 | 40.8 | 30.7 |
PDA liquid | >100 | >100 | 8.9 | 3.3 | |||
Positive control | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.2 |
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Ghotbi, M.; Kelting, O.; Blümel, M.; Tasdemir, D. Gut and Gill-Associated Microbiota of the Flatfish European Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa): Diversity, Metabolome and Bioactivity against Human and Aquaculture Pathogens. Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 573. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20090573
Ghotbi M, Kelting O, Blümel M, Tasdemir D. Gut and Gill-Associated Microbiota of the Flatfish European Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa): Diversity, Metabolome and Bioactivity against Human and Aquaculture Pathogens. Marine Drugs. 2022; 20(9):573. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20090573
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhotbi, Marjan, Ole Kelting, Martina Blümel, and Deniz Tasdemir. 2022. "Gut and Gill-Associated Microbiota of the Flatfish European Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa): Diversity, Metabolome and Bioactivity against Human and Aquaculture Pathogens" Marine Drugs 20, no. 9: 573. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20090573