Variation in Phenology and Morphological Traits of Seed-Propagated Laggera alata and Laggera crispata Forms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
2.2. Data Collection
2.2.1. Phenological Events
2.2.2. Morphological Traits
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Phenology
3.2. Qualitative Traits
3.3. Leaf Size
3.4. Leaf Chlorophyll Content
3.5. Number of Leaves per Plant
3.6. Stem Diameter and Plant Height
4. Discussion
4.1. Phenology
4.2. Qualitative Traits
4.3. Leaf Traits
4.4. Stem Diameter and Plant Height
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Month | 2021/2022 Season | 2022/2023 Season | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TMX | TMN | Tt | RHP | RAIN | SRAD | TMX | TMN | Tt | RHP | RAIN | SRAD | |
Sept. | 26.1 | 15.2 | 10.7 | 58 | 134.6 | 16.3 | 28 | 16.6 | 12.3 | 59 | 47.9 | 16.6 |
Oct. | 25.9 | 15.6 | 10.8 | 67 | 102.7 | 16.1 | 29.6 | 18.9 | 14.3 | 62 | 92.8 | 16.9 |
Nov. | 27.6 | 18.1 | 12.9 | 65 | 43 | 19.5 | 28 | 18.6 | 13.3 | 67 | 358.5 | 18.7 |
Dec. | 29.5 | 20.1 | 14.8 | 68 | 194.9 | 18.9 | 29.4 | 20.1 | 14.8 | 70 | 194 | 19 |
Jan. | 31.1 | 20.7 | 15.9 | 66 | 102.4 | 23.4 | 32.6 | 20.6 | 16.6 | 57 | 86.4 | 26.1 |
Feb. | 31.4 | 21.1 | 16.3 | 65 | 94.8 | 22.9 | 29.8 | 21.4 | 15.6 | 78 | 246.9 | 17.4 |
Mar. | 30.3 | 19.7 | 15.0 | 62 | 102.7 | 19.6 | 30 | 20.6 | 15.3 | 69 | 82.7 | 18.1 |
Apr. | 26 | 17.4 | 11.7 | 74 | 356 | 12.8 | 28.7 | 17.7 | 13.2 | 62 | 34.4 | 15.8 |
May | 25.4 | 15.3 | 10.4 | 64 | 66.1 | 12.9 | 25.7 | 16 | 10.9 | 68 | 128.6 | 10.6 |
Jun. | 24 | 11.8 | 7.9 | 54 | 71.4 | 11.7 | 25.5 | 13.2 | 9.4 | 54 | 10 | 11.8 |
Jul. | 25.5 | 13.4 | 9.5 | 53 | 67.3 | 11.4 | 24.1 | 12.3 | 8.2 | 56 | 81.7 | 11.3 |
Aug. | 25.2 | 13.8 | 9.5 | 54 | 35.7 | 13.5 | 25.2 | 13.7 | 9.5 | 57 | 4.6 | 14.1 |
Sept. | 28 | 16.6 | 12.3 | 59 | 47.9 | 16.6 | 28.2 | 15.8 | 12.0 | 54 | 37.9 | 16.7 |
Mean | 27.4 | 16.8 | 12.1 | 62.2 | 109.2 | 16.6 | 28.1 | 17.4 | 12.7 | 62.5 | 108.2 | 16.4 |
Qualitative Traits | LA-SC | LA-BC | LC-SA | LC-ZIM |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stem | Profusely branched, continuous, and entire wings | Profusely branched, continuous, and entire wings | Profusely branched, interrupted, and toothed wings | Profusely branched, interrupted, and toothed wings |
Young leaves | Maroon pigment on the leaf edges | Maroon pigment on the leaf edges | No pigmentation | No pigmentation |
Leaf petiole | Absent | Absent | Absent | Absent |
Leaf orientation | Alternate | Alternate | Alternate | Alternate |
Plant scent | Very strong | Moderately strong | Sweet-like odor | Sweet-like odor |
Leaf shape | Oblong | Ovate | Lanceolate | Lanceolate and curly |
Leaf apex | Acute | Acute | Acute | Acute |
Leaf color | Greyish green | Dark green | Shiny light green | Shiny light green |
Leaf trichome stickiness | Less sticky | Less sticky | Moderately sticky | Very sticky |
Leaf margins | Serrulate | Serrulate | Serrate | Serrate |
Flower color | Pink | Pink | Pink | Pink |
Seed color | White | White | White | White |
Leaf Traits | DAT | LA-BC | LA-SC | LC-SA | LC-ZIM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf length (mm) | 37 | 96.20 def | 91.80 ef | 83.80 f | 89.40 ef |
51 | 99.80 de | 99.20 de | 97.00 def | 101.47 cde | |
91 | 123.73 a | 107.00 bcd | 118.73 ab | 120.73 ab | |
105 | 126.80 a | 103.40 cde | 115.40 abc | 125.20 a | |
Leaf width (mm) | 37 | 43.20 de | 40.00 def | 34.73 f | 37.33 ef |
51 | 45.93 cd | 44.73 de | 45.47 d | 44.60 de | |
91 | 60.60 ab | 40.73 def | 44.33 de | 53.47 bc | |
105 | 62.80 a | 37.20 ef | 45.27 d | 55.53 ab | |
Leaf area (mm2) | 37 | 2085 def | 1865 ef | 1457 f | 1678 ef |
51 | 2309 de | 2207 de | 2204 de | 2246 de | |
91 | 3720 ab | 2161 de | 2603 cd | 3212 bc | |
105 | 3964 a | 1915 def | 2583 cd | 3457 ab |
DAT | LA-BC | LA-SC | LC-SA | LC-ZIM |
---|---|---|---|---|
37 | 0.47 e | 0.42 e | 0.36 e | 0.36 e |
51 | 0.54 e | 0.52 e | 0.45 e | 0.47 e |
91 | 1.17 bcd | 1.02 cd | 1.00 d | 1.17 bcd |
105 | 1.32 ab | 1.20 bc | 1.29 ab | 1.45 a |
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Nkosi, N.N.; Zharare, G.E.; Zimudzi, C.; Stedje, B.; Ntuli, N.R. Variation in Phenology and Morphological Traits of Seed-Propagated Laggera alata and Laggera crispata Forms. Diversity 2024, 16, 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080466
Nkosi NN, Zharare GE, Zimudzi C, Stedje B, Ntuli NR. Variation in Phenology and Morphological Traits of Seed-Propagated Laggera alata and Laggera crispata Forms. Diversity. 2024; 16(8):466. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080466
Chicago/Turabian StyleNkosi, Noluthando Nonjabulo, Godfrey Elijah Zharare, Clemence Zimudzi, Brita Stedje, and Nontuthuko Rosemary Ntuli. 2024. "Variation in Phenology and Morphological Traits of Seed-Propagated Laggera alata and Laggera crispata Forms" Diversity 16, no. 8: 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16080466