Microplastic Pollution in Water Systems: Characteristics and Control Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Source, Attributes, and Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics
2.1. The Composition and Source of Microplastics in Water
2.2. The Characteristics of Microplastics in Water
2.3. The Migration and Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in Water
3. Environmental and Ecological Effects of Microplastics
3.1. The Contamination-Carrying Characteristics of Microplastics
3.2. The Carrier Effect of Microplastics
3.3. The Ecological Effects of Microplastics
4. The Current Situation of Water Microplastic Pollution in China
4.1. The Occurrence of Microplastics in Water Bodies
4.2. The Occurrence of Microplastics in Aquatic Organisms
5. Research on Microplastic Pollution Prevention and Control Methods
5.1. Microplastic Removal and Control Methods in Wastewater
5.2. The Green Degradable Alternative Technology
5.3. Recycling Microplastics in Circular Economy
6. Summary and Outlook
- (1)
- Unified measurement and quantitative standards should be developed to analyze the source characteristics of microplastics
- (2)
- The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of microplastics in water should be analyzed by coupling numerical simulation and prototype observation
- (3)
- The coupling characteristics of microplastics and pollutants need to be revealed, and the ecological health risks of microplastics in water need to be assessed
- (4)
- Green alternative plastic products should be developed and an integrated system of monitoring, forecasting, and regulating microplastics in rivers, lakes, and seas should be built
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | Size | Abundance | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Yangtze Estuary | 1.2 um–5 mm | 4137.3 ± 2461.5 n/m3 | [64] |
East China Sea | 1.2 um–5 mm | 0.167 ± 0.138 n/m3 | [64] |
Bohai Sea | 330 um–5 mm | 0.33 ± 0.36 n/m3 | [65] |
Pearl River Estuary | 50 um–5 mm | 8902 n/m3 | [66] |
Taihu Lake | 333 um–5 mm | 3.4~25.8 n/L | [67] |
Three Gorges Reservoir | 112 um–5 mm | 3407.7 × 103~13617.5 × 103 n/km2 | [68] |
Average abundance of microplastics in freshwater | / | 1.8~2.4 n/L | [69] |
Average abundance of microplastics in estuaries | / | 0.9 n/L | [69] |
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Ma, H.; Chao, L.; Wan, H.; Zhu, Q. Microplastic Pollution in Water Systems: Characteristics and Control Methods. Diversity 2024, 16, 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16010070
Ma H, Chao L, Wan H, Zhu Q. Microplastic Pollution in Water Systems: Characteristics and Control Methods. Diversity. 2024; 16(1):70. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16010070
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Hao, Liqiang Chao, Hang Wan, and Qin Zhu. 2024. "Microplastic Pollution in Water Systems: Characteristics and Control Methods" Diversity 16, no. 1: 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16010070