Effect of Ethanol Solvents on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Seed Extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Varieties and Determination of Phenolic Composition by HPLC-ESI-MS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Extraction Procedure and Extraction Yield
2.4. Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
2.5. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity
2.6. Transition Metal Reducing Power (TMRP)
2.7. Iron Chelating Ability
2.8. HPLC-ESI-MS Analysis
2.8.1. Sample Preparation
2.8.2. HPLC-ESI-MS Conditions
2.8.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Extraction Yield and Total Phenolic Content
3.2. Antioxidant Activity
3.2.1. Radical Scavenging Activity
3.2.2. Transition Metal Reducing Power
3.2.3. Iron Chelating Ability
3.3. Correlation Analysis
3.4. HPLC-ESI-MS Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Studies | Extraction Solvents | TPC | |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Mean Value | The Unit | |||
1 | Kaviarasan et al., 2004 [28] | 80% aqueous methanol (v/v) | 0.48 | mM GAE |
2 | Rababah et al., 2004 [58] | 60% aqueous ethanol (v/v) | 24.3 | mg ChAE per g of dry extract |
3 | Kaviarasan et al., 2007 [25] | 80% aqueous methanol (v/v) | 78.6 | mg GAE per g of dry weight |
4 | Bukhari et al., 2008 [31] | 100% methanol | 5.75 | mg GAE per g of dry weight |
100% ethanol | 6.85 | |||
100% dichloromethane | 2.27 | |||
100% acetone | 4.04 | |||
100% hexane | 1.35 | |||
100% ethyl acetate | 3.32 | |||
5 | Chatterjee et al., 2011 [54] | 80% aqueous methanol (v/v) | 81.98 | mg GAE per g of dry extract |
6 | Subhashini et al., 2011 [30] | 70% aqueous ethanol (v/v) | 40.0 | µg PE per g of dry extract |
7 | Yacoubi et al., 2011 [21] | 70% aqueous acetone (v/v) | 15.18 | mg GAE per g of dry weight |
8 | Norziah et al., 2015 [41] | 100% ethanol | 44.96 | mg GAE per g of dry weight |
100% methanol | 43.15 | |||
cool water (30°C) | 19.31 | |||
hot water (80°C) | 25.60 |
Treatments | Variety of Fenugreek | |
---|---|---|
FWV | FSV | |
Et30 | 0.203 ± 0.008 a | 0.225 ± 0.012 e |
Et50 | 0.166 ± 0.012 b | 0.201 ± 0.011 f |
Et70 | 0.093 ± 0.005 c | 0.108 ± 0.004 g |
Et96 | 0.088 ± 0.006 c | 0.100 ± 0.006 g |
Ascorbic acid | 0.036 ± 0.003 d |
Treatments | Variety of Fenugreek | |
---|---|---|
FWV | FSV | |
Et30 | 0.203 ± 0.015 a | 0.253 ± 0.015 e |
Et50 | 0.385 ± 0.021 b | 0.416 ± 0.025 b |
Et70 | 0.817 ± 0.021 c | 0.844 ± 0.031 c |
Et96 | 0.732 ± 0.013 d | 0.724 ± 0.023 d |
Ascorbic acid | 0.602 ± 0.036 f |
Treatments | Variety of Fenugreek | |
---|---|---|
FWV | FSV | |
Et30 | 0.451 ± 0.024 a | 0.494 ± 0.018 a |
Et50 | 0.258 ± 0.013 b | 0.212 ± 0.013 e |
Et70 | 0.121 ± 0.010 c | 0.099 ± 0.007c |
Et96 | 0.172 ± 0.015 d | 0.162 ± 0.010 d |
EDTA | 0.054 ± 0.003 f |
Peak | RT (min) | [M-H]- (m/z) | FWV | FSSV | Tentatively Identified Compound |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 7.5 | 153 | + | − | Gentisic |
2 | 9.0 | 593 | + | − | Apigenin 6-C-β-xylopyranosyl-8-C-β-galactopyranoside |
3 | 10.0 | 563 | + | − | Apigenin 6-C-β-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-galactopyranoside |
4 | 11.0 | 447 | + | + | Luteolin 8-C-β-glucopyranoside |
5 | 11.5 | 447 | + | + | Luteolin 6-C-β-glucopyranoside |
6 | 13.6 | 431 | + | + | Apigenin 8-C-β-glucopyranoside |
7 | 14.2 | 431 | + | + | Apigenin 6-C-β-glucopyranoside |
8 | 22.0 | 593 | + | − | Not identified |
9 | 23.8 | 593 | + | − | Luteolin 8-C-(2′′-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-β-glucopyranoside) |
10 | 30.7 | 557 | + | − | Not identified |
11 | 34.7 | 593 | + | + | Not identified |
12 | 37.7 | 449 | + | − | Not identified |
13 | 37.8 | 577 | − | + | Not identified |
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Lohvina, H.; Sándor, M.; Wink, M. Effect of Ethanol Solvents on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Seed Extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Varieties and Determination of Phenolic Composition by HPLC-ESI-MS. Diversity 2022, 14, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14010007
Lohvina H, Sándor M, Wink M. Effect of Ethanol Solvents on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Seed Extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Varieties and Determination of Phenolic Composition by HPLC-ESI-MS. Diversity. 2022; 14(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14010007
Chicago/Turabian StyleLohvina, Hanna, Makai Sándor, and Michael Wink. 2022. "Effect of Ethanol Solvents on Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of Seed Extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Varieties and Determination of Phenolic Composition by HPLC-ESI-MS" Diversity 14, no. 1: 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14010007