Offshore Neopycnodonte Oyster Reefs in the Mediterranean Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. General Features of Neopycnodonte cochlear Reefs
3.2. A Glimpse at Reefs’ Associated Biodiversity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary File 1Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Collection Date | Station | Lat N-Long E Start | Lat N-Long E End | Depth Min–Max (m) | Dive Length (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bonaccia | 13 August 2017 | MS17_III_110 | 43°35.50′-14°20.11′ | 43°35.23′-14°20.44′ | 77–83 | 1079.93 |
Vieste | 10 November 2015 | MS15_47 | 41°59,62′-16°15,14′ | 41°59,68′-16°15,13′ | 55–75 | 804.72 |
Vieste | 10 November 2015 | MS15_48 | 42°00.81′-16°11.13′ | 42°00.78′-16°11.13′ | 48–49 | 58.70 |
Vieste | 11 November 2015 | MS15_62 | 42°01.94′-16°10.24′ | 42°01.84′-16°10.25′ | 60–66 | 139.52 |
Vieste | 11 November 2015 | MS15_63 | 42°01.02′-16°11.75′ | 42°00.95′-16°11.79′ | 50–52 | 316.75 |
Vieste | 11 November 2015 | MS15_67 | 41°59.60′-16°15.14′ | 41°59.48′-16°15.23′ | 52–72 | 255.95 |
Monopoli | 5 August 2017 | MS17_II_180 | 41°00.19′-17°24.25′ | 40°59.85′-17°24.89′ | 95–102 | 1685.84 |
Monopoli | 15 August 2017 | MS17_III_115 | 41°04.17′-17°18.15′ | 41°04.38′-17°18.24′ | 85–87 | 1039.10 |
Santa Maria di Leuca | 31 July 2017 | MS17_II_115 | 39°44.02′-18°22.26′ | 39°44.27′-18°22.12′ | 70–113 | 1179.90 |
Santa Maria di Leuca | 31 July 2017 | MS17_II_117 | 39°42.31′-18°21.31′ | 39°42.48′-18°21.68′ | 90–125 | 1200.00 |
Kerkyra Island | 3 May 2006 | CR83 (Epibenthic haul) | 39°46.00′-19°25.52′ | 39°47.22′-19°25.42′ | 77–99 | n/a |
Gulf of Izmit | 19 September 2005 | GRA02 (Grab) | 40°44.00′-29°27.00′ | - | 56 | n/a |
Eivissa Island | 15 April 2004 | COBAS-78 (Epibenthic haul) | 38°45.99′-01°18.05′ | 38°46.74′-01°19.34′ | 94–96 | n/a |
n. | Phylum | Class | Taxon | Auctores | Protection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Porifera | Demospongiae | spp. | ||
2 | Aplysina aerophoba | (Nardo, 1833) | 1 | ||
3 | Axinella cannabina | (Esper, 1794) | 1, 2 (EN) | ||
4 | Axinella polypoides | Schmidt, 1862 | 1, 2 (EN), 6 | ||
5 | Cliona celata | Grant, 1826 | |||
6 | Haliclona mediterranea | Griessinger, 1971 | |||
7 | Hexadella racovitzai | Topsent, 1896 | |||
8 | Ircinia variabilis | Schmidt, 1862 | |||
9 | Mycale tunicata | Schmidt, 1862 | |||
10 | cf. Petrosia sp. | ||||
11 | Poecillastra compressa | (Bowerbanck, 1866) | 2 (VU) | ||
12 | Spongia spp. | ||||
13 | cf. Spongia agaricina | Pallas, 1766 | 1, 6 | ||
14 | Spongia lamella | (Schulze, 1879) | 2 (EN) | ||
15 | Spongia officinalis | Linnaeus, 1759 | 1, 2 (EN), 6 | ||
16 | Suberites domuncula | (Olivi, 1792) | |||
17 | Tethya aurantium | (Pallas, 1766) | |||
18 | Tethya cf. citrina | Sarà and Melone, 1965 | 1 | ||
19 | Ulosa stuposa | (Esper, 1794) | |||
20 | Cnidaria | Hydrozoa | cf. Halecium sp. | ||
21 | cf. Halecium halecinum | (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||
22 | Lytocarpia myriophyllum | (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||
23 | cf. Sertularella sp. | ||||
24 | Anthozoa | Alcyonium palmatum | Pallas, 1766 | ||
25 | Caryophyllidae spp. | ||||
26 | Caryophyllia cf. smithii | Stokes and Broderip, 1828 | 4 | ||
27 | Dendrophyllia cornigera | (Lamarck, 1816) | 2 (VU), 3 (EN), 4 | ||
28 | Paralcyonium spinulosum | (Delle Chiaje, 1822) | |||
29 | Phyllangia americana | Milne Edwards and Haime, 1849 | 4 | ||
30 | Virgularia mirabilis | (Müller, 1776) | 2 (VU), | ||
31 | Annelida | Polychaeta | Bonellia viridis | Rolando, 1822 | |
32 | Filograna-Salmacina complex | ||||
33 | Protula tubularia | (Montagu, 1803) | |||
34 | Sabella spallanzanii | (Gmelin, 1791) | |||
35 | Serpula vermicularis | Linnaeus, 1767 | |||
36 | Terebellides stroemii | Sars, 1835 | |||
37 | Vermiliopsis sp. | ||||
38 | Mollusca | Bivalvia | Atrina fragilis | (Pennant, 1777) | |
39 | Neopycnodonte cochlear | (Poli, 1795) | |||
40 | Pecten jacobaeus | (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||
41 | Gastropoda | cf. Calliostoma zizyphinum | (Linnaeus, 1758) | ||
42 | cf. Fusinus sp. | ||||
43 | Hexaplex trunculus | (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||
44 | cf. Naticidae | ||||
45 | Nudibranchia | cf. Caloria elegans | (Alder and Hancock, 1845) | ||
46 | Flabellina affinis | (Gmelin, 1791) | |||
47 | Hypselodoris tricolor | (Cantraine, 1835) | |||
48 | Marionia blainvillea | (Risso, 1818) | |||
49 | Cephalopoda | cf. Octopus vulgaris | Cuvier, 1797 | ||
50 | Teuthida sp. | ||||
51 | Arthropoda | Malacostraca | Maja squinado | (Herbst, 1788) | 1, 6 |
52 | Munida sp. | ||||
53 | Pagurus cf. excavatus | (Herbst, 1791) | |||
54 | Palinurus elephas | (Fabricius, 1787) | 1, 3 (VU), 6 | ||
55 | Bryozoa | Gymnolaemata | Reteporella grimaldii | (Jullien, 1903) | |
56 | Smittina cervicornis | (Pallas, 1766) | |||
57 | Echinodermata | Asteroidea | Chaetaster longipes | (Bruzelius, 1805) | |
58 | Echinaster sepositus | (Retzius, 1783) | |||
59 | Marthasterias glacialis | (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||
60 | Peltaster placenta | (Müller and Troschel, 1842) | |||
61 | Crinoidea | Antedon mediterranea | (Lamarck, 1816) | ||
62 | Echinoidea | Centrostephanus longispinus | (Philippi, 1845) | 1, 5, 6 | |
63 | Cidaris cidaris | (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||
64 | Echinus melo | Lamarck, 1816 | |||
65 | Holothuroidea | Holothuria forskali | Delle Chiaje, 1823 | ||
66 | Ophiuroidea | cf. Ophiothrix fragilis | (Abildgaard in Müller, 1789) | ||
67 | Chordata | Ascidiacea | sp. | ||
68 | Botrylloides sp. | ||||
69 | Didemnidae sp. | ||||
70 | Diplosoma spongiforme | (Giard, 1872) | |||
71 | Halocynthia papillosa | (Linnaeus, 1767) | |||
72 | Actinopterygii | Callanthias ruber | (Rafinesque, 1810) | ||
73 | Chelidonichthys lastoviza | (Bonnaterre, 1788) | |||
74 | Conger conger | (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||
75 | Muraena helena | Linnaeus, 1758 | |||
76 | Phycis phycis | (Linnaeus, 1766) | |||
77 | Serranus cabrilla | (Linnaeus, 1758) | |||
78 | Scorpaena scrofa | Linnaeus, 1758 | |||
79 | Spicara maena | (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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Angeletti, L.; Taviani, M. Offshore Neopycnodonte Oyster Reefs in the Mediterranean Sea. Diversity 2020, 12, 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030092
Angeletti L, Taviani M. Offshore Neopycnodonte Oyster Reefs in the Mediterranean Sea. Diversity. 2020; 12(3):92. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030092
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngeletti, Lorenzo, and Marco Taviani. 2020. "Offshore Neopycnodonte Oyster Reefs in the Mediterranean Sea" Diversity 12, no. 3: 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12030092