Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fecal Markers
2.1. Fecal Hemoglobin
2.2. Genes and Epigenetic Markers
3. Serum or Blood Markers
3.1. CEA
3.2. CA 19-9
3.3. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase Type 1
3.4. Five-Serum-Marker Panel (Spondin-2, DcR3, Trail-R2, Reg IV, MIC 1)
3.5. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and Proteasome Activator Complex Subunit 3
3.6. Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-2
4. MicroRNA
5. Other Potential Biomarkers
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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Type of biomarkers | Analysis |
---|---|
Genetic | Gene mutations |
Tumor suppressor gene status | |
DNA | Gene amplification |
Microsatellite instability | |
Mitochondrial DNA | |
Epigenetic | DNA methylation |
RNA | microRNAs |
Protein | - |
Metabolic | - |
Immunological | T-cell and cytokine responses |
Clinical use | Subjects | Types | Potential markers |
---|---|---|---|
In use | Stool | Protein | Fecal hemoglobin |
Serum | Protein | CEA | |
Carbohydrate | CA19.9 | ||
Clinical validation | Stool | DNA | K-ras |
DNA | APC | ||
DNA | L-DNA | ||
DNA | p53 | ||
Serum | Protein | TIMP-1 | |
Preclinical development | Serum | Protein | Spondin-2, DcR3, Trail-R2, Reg IV, MIC1 |
Protein | PSME3 | ||
Protein | NNMT | ||
Protein | CRMP-2 | ||
Protein | SELDI (apolipoprotein C1, C3a-desArg, α1-antitrypsin, transferring) | ||
Protein | HNP 1–3 | ||
Protein | MIF | ||
Protein | M-CSF | ||
Protein | M2-PK | ||
Protein | Prolactin | ||
Protein | CCSA-2, −3, −4 | ||
Protein | MMP-9, −7 | ||
Protein | Laminin | ||
Plasma | DNA | Septin 9 | |
WBC | DNA | 5-gene panel (CDA, BANK1, BCNP1, MS4A1, MGC20553) |
Cancers | miRNA | Authors and Ref. nos. |
---|---|---|
Lung cancer | hsa-let-7 | [59] |
hsa-let-7a-2 | [60] | |
hsa-miR-155 | ||
hsa-miR-196a2 | [61] | |
hsa-miR-221 | [62] | |
hsa-let-7a | ||
hsa-miR-137 | ||
hsa-miR-372 | ||
hsa-miR-182* | ||
hsa-miR-21 | [63] | |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | hsa-miR-125b | [64] |
Breast cancer | hsa-miR-21 | [65] |
Gastric cancer | hsa-miR-21 | [66] |
Colorectal cancer | hsa-miR-21 | [67] |
hsa-miR-106a | [68] | |
Head and neck cancer | hsa-miR-7d | [69] |
hsa-miR-205 | ||
Pancreatic cancer | hsa-miR-21 | [70] |
Acute myelogenous leukemia | hsa-miR-181 family | [71] |
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | hsa-miR-1-miR-15a | [72] |
Ovarian cancer | hsa-let-7a-3 | [73] |
Esophageal cancer | hsa-miR-103/107 | [74] |
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Tanaka, T.; Tanaka, M.; Tanaka, T.; Ishigamori, R. Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11, 3209-3225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093209
Tanaka T, Tanaka M, Tanaka T, Ishigamori R. Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2010; 11(9):3209-3225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093209
Chicago/Turabian StyleTanaka, Takuji, Mayu Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, and Rikako Ishigamori. 2010. "Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11, no. 9: 3209-3225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093209