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GERMANY – Country of central Europe. The date of the first settlement of Jews in the regions called by the Romans "Germania Superior," "Germania Inferior," and "Germania Magna," and which, on the whole, are included in the present German...
GERNSHEIM, FRIEDRICH – German pianist and composer; born at Worms July 17, 1839. He was a pupil of L. Liebe, Pauer, Rosenhain (piano), I. C. Hauff (theory), and H. Wolff (violin).At the age of eleven Gernsheim made his first public appearance at a...
GERÖ, KARL – Hungarian dramatist; born at Hévizgyörk Oct. 18, 1856; studied law at Kaschau and Budapest. While still a student he devoted much time to literature and esthetics, attending lectures on those subjects, and frequently visiting...
GERON – See Ghiron.
GERONA – Situation of Jewry. Fortified city in northern Spain. As early as 1002 Pope Sylvester acknowledged to Bishop Odo of Gerona the receipt of the tax ("census") of the Jewish community there ("Marca Hispanica," Appendix, No. 150, p....
GERONDI, ISAAC B. ZERAHIAH HALEVI – Talmudist; lived in Gerona in the twelfth century. He was the father of Zerahiah ha-Levi, author of "Sefer ha-Ma'or," and of Berachiah ha-Levi, author of some piyyuṭim; among the latter are to be found compositions for Sabbath...
GERONDI, JONAH B. ABRAHAM (HEḤASID), THE ELDER – Spanish rabbi and moralist of the thirteenth century; died in Toledo, Spain, Nov., 1263; a cousin of Naḥmanides. He came from Gerona, in Catalonia. Gerondi was the most prominent pupil of Solomon of Montpellier, the leader of...
GERONDI, MOSES B. SOLOMON D'ESCOLA – Hebrew poet; relative of Moses Naḥmanides; lived at Gerona, Catalonia, in the second half of the thirteenth century. In the letter Naḥmanides wrote to his son from Jerusalem he sends his greetings to Gerondi, whom he calls "beni...
GERONDI, NISSIM – See Nissim b. Reuben.
GERONDI, ZERAHIAH HA-LEVI – See Zerahiah ha-Levi.
GERONIMO DE SANTE FĖ – See Ibn Vives Allorqui, Joshua ben Joseph.
GERSHOM – First-born son of Moses and Zipporah (Ex. ii. 22, xviii. 3). The circumcision of a child of Moses described in Ex. iv. 25 is evidently that of Gershom, but the Midrash refers it to Eliezer. As to the Gershom mentioned in Judges...
GERSHOM BEN JUDAH – French rabbi; born at Metz in 960; died at Mayence in 1040. He was the founder of Talmudic studies in France and Germany. As he himself says in a responsum reported by R. Meïr of Rothenburg, he owed most of his knowledge to his...
GERSHON ASHKENAZI – See Ashkenazi, Gershon.
GERSHON BEN ELIEZER HA-LEVI (YIDDELS) OF PRAGUE – Traveler of the first half of the seventeenth century. He was the author of the curious and extremely rare book "Gelilot Ereẓ Yisrael," in Judæo-German, in which he describes several routes to Jerusalem and gives an account of...
GERSHON ḤEFEẒ – See Gentili, Gershon ben Moses.
GERSHON BEN HEZEKIAH – Provençal physician, astronomer, and grammarian; lived at Beaumes toward the end of the fourteenth century and at the beginning of the fifteenth. He was the author of: "Shib'ah 'Enayim," a treatise on grammar and on the Masorah;...
GERSHON, ISAAC – Rabbi and corrector of the press at Venice at the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century. He was born in Safed, to which place he returned some time after 1625. According to Conforte, he corrected all...
GERSHON B. JACOB HA-GOZER – German Talmudist; flourished in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was a grand-nephew, and probably pupil, of Ephraim b. Jacob of Bonn. Like his father, Jacob b. Gershon ha-Gozer, he was a mohel, continuing the work, begun...
GERSHON (CHRISTIAN) BEN MEÏR OF BIBERBACH – Jewish convert; born at Reckling-hausen, Prussia, Aug. 1, 1569; drowned at Dröhelm Sept. 25, 1627. After teaching Hebrew and Talmud for many years in different German towns, Gershon was baptized at Halberstadt Oct. 9, 1600. He...
GERSHON BEN SOLOMON OF ARLES – Provençal philosopher; flourished in the second half of the thirteenth century; said to be the father of Gersonides. He was the author of "Sha'ar ha-Shamayim" (Venice, 1547; Rödelsheim, 1801), a sort of encyclopedia divided into...
GERSHON BEN SOLOMON BEN ASHER – French Talmudist; flourished at Béziers in the twelfth century. He was the author of a casuistic work entitled "Sefer ha-Shalmon," finished by his son Samuel. Isaac b. Sheshet quotes this work in his Responsa (No. 170), but he...
GERSON, FELIX NAPOLEON – American lyrist, writer, and journalist; manager of "The Jewish Exponent" (Philadelphia); born in Philadelphia Oct. 18, 1862. He was educated in the public schools of that city, and from 1880 to 1890 was in the employ of the...
GERSON, GEORGE HARTOG – German physician; born in Hamburg 1788; died there 1843. After taking his degree he traveled in Norway and Sweden, and finally settled in London, where he was ultimately appointed assistant surgeon at a military hospital. In...
GERSON, KARL – German physician; born at Hamm, Westphalia, July 19, 1866; educated at the universities of Munich, Rostock, Leipsic, and Bonn; graduated as doctor of medicine at Bonn in 1890. The following three years he was surgeon in the...

GERMANY – Country of central Europe. The date of the first settlement of Jews in the regions called by the Romans "Germania Superior," "Germania Inferior," and "Germania Magna," and which, on the whole, are included in the present German...

GERNSHEIM, FRIEDRICH – German pianist and composer; born at Worms July 17, 1839. He was a pupil of L. Liebe, Pauer, Rosenhain (piano), I. C. Hauff (theory), and H. Wolff (violin).At the age of eleven Gernsheim made his first public appearance at a...

GERÖ, KARL – Hungarian dramatist; born at Hévizgyörk Oct. 18, 1856; studied law at Kaschau and Budapest. While still a student he devoted much time to literature and esthetics, attending lectures on those subjects, and frequently visiting...

GERON – See Ghiron.

GERONA – Situation of Jewry. Fortified city in northern Spain. As early as 1002 Pope Sylvester acknowledged to Bishop Odo of Gerona the receipt of the tax ("census") of the Jewish community there ("Marca Hispanica," Appendix, No. 150, p....

GERONDI, ISAAC B. ZERAHIAH HALEVI – Talmudist; lived in Gerona in the twelfth century. He was the father of Zerahiah ha-Levi, author of "Sefer ha-Ma'or," and of Berachiah ha-Levi, author of some piyyuṭim; among the latter are to be found compositions for Sabbath...

GERONDI, JONAH B. ABRAHAM (HEḤASID), THE ELDER – Spanish rabbi and moralist of the thirteenth century; died in Toledo, Spain, Nov., 1263; a cousin of Naḥmanides. He came from Gerona, in Catalonia. Gerondi was the most prominent pupil of Solomon of Montpellier, the leader of...

GERONDI, MOSES B. SOLOMON D'ESCOLA – Hebrew poet; relative of Moses Naḥmanides; lived at Gerona, Catalonia, in the second half of the thirteenth century. In the letter Naḥmanides wrote to his son from Jerusalem he sends his greetings to Gerondi, whom he calls "beni...

GERONDI, NISSIM – See Nissim b. Reuben.

GERONDI, ZERAHIAH HA-LEVI – See Zerahiah ha-Levi.

GERONIMO DE SANTE FĖ – See Ibn Vives Allorqui, Joshua ben Joseph.

GERSHOM – First-born son of Moses and Zipporah (Ex. ii. 22, xviii. 3). The circumcision of a child of Moses described in Ex. iv. 25 is evidently that of Gershom, but the Midrash refers it to Eliezer. As to the Gershom mentioned in Judges...

GERSHOM BEN JUDAH – French rabbi; born at Metz in 960; died at Mayence in 1040. He was the founder of Talmudic studies in France and Germany. As he himself says in a responsum reported by R. Meïr of Rothenburg, he owed most of his knowledge to his...

GERSHON ASHKENAZI – See Ashkenazi, Gershon.

GERSHON BEN ELIEZER HA-LEVI (YIDDELS) OF PRAGUE – Traveler of the first half of the seventeenth century. He was the author of the curious and extremely rare book "Gelilot Ereẓ Yisrael," in Judæo-German, in which he describes several routes to Jerusalem and gives an account of...

GERSHON ḤEFEẒ – See Gentili, Gershon ben Moses.

GERSHON BEN HEZEKIAH – Provençal physician, astronomer, and grammarian; lived at Beaumes toward the end of the fourteenth century and at the beginning of the fifteenth. He was the author of: "Shib'ah 'Enayim," a treatise on grammar and on the Masorah;...

GERSHON, ISAAC – Rabbi and corrector of the press at Venice at the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century. He was born in Safed, to which place he returned some time after 1625. According to Conforte, he corrected all...

GERSHON B. JACOB HA-GOZER – German Talmudist; flourished in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was a grand-nephew, and probably pupil, of Ephraim b. Jacob of Bonn. Like his father, Jacob b. Gershon ha-Gozer, he was a mohel, continuing the work, begun...

GERSHON (CHRISTIAN) BEN MEÏR OF BIBERBACH – Jewish convert; born at Reckling-hausen, Prussia, Aug. 1, 1569; drowned at Dröhelm Sept. 25, 1627. After teaching Hebrew and Talmud for many years in different German towns, Gershon was baptized at Halberstadt Oct. 9, 1600. He...

GERSHON BEN SOLOMON OF ARLES – Provençal philosopher; flourished in the second half of the thirteenth century; said to be the father of Gersonides. He was the author of "Sha'ar ha-Shamayim" (Venice, 1547; Rödelsheim, 1801), a sort of encyclopedia divided into...

GERSHON BEN SOLOMON BEN ASHER – French Talmudist; flourished at Béziers in the twelfth century. He was the author of a casuistic work entitled "Sefer ha-Shalmon," finished by his son Samuel. Isaac b. Sheshet quotes this work in his Responsa (No. 170), but he...

GERSON, FELIX NAPOLEON – American lyrist, writer, and journalist; manager of "The Jewish Exponent" (Philadelphia); born in Philadelphia Oct. 18, 1862. He was educated in the public schools of that city, and from 1880 to 1890 was in the employ of the...

GERSON, GEORGE HARTOG – German physician; born in Hamburg 1788; died there 1843. After taking his degree he traveled in Norway and Sweden, and finally settled in London, where he was ultimately appointed assistant surgeon at a military hospital. In...

GERSON, KARL – German physician; born at Hamm, Westphalia, July 19, 1866; educated at the universities of Munich, Rostock, Leipsic, and Bonn; graduated as doctor of medicine at Bonn in 1890. The following three years he was surgeon in the...