Symphony

A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often written by composers for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are scored for string (violin, viola, cello and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30–100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their instrument. A small number of symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony).

Origins

The word symphony is derived from Greek συμφωνία (symphonia), meaning "agreement or concord of sound", "concert of vocal or instrumental music", from σύμφωνος (symphōnos), "harmonious". The word referred to an astonishing variety of different things, before ultimately settling on its current meaning designating a musical form.

Symphonies (song)

"Symphonies" is a song by British wonky pop musician Dan Black, released as the first single from his 2009 debut album UN.

Evolving from his previous single "HYPNTZ", the track was written, composed, and produced by Black himself. It is an alternative dance track that features prominent use of sampling from other artists such as the City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra and Rihanna.

The track was released as the U.S. iTunes "Single of the Week" for the week of December 28, 2009, and the video was released on iTunes for free for the week of March 15, 2010. A remix of the song was recorded with Kid Cudi, and was released as a bonus track in the United States.

The track has also been used in the "A More Exciting Place to Live" ad campaign by Virgin Media in the UK. It was also used in 2010 comedy film Easy A and used on the NBA 2K11 soundtrack.

Conception and production

In 2008, Black originally recorded a song called "HYPNTZ", which interpolated lyrics from The Notorious B.I.G.'s "Hypnotize" and sampled the drum beat from Rihanna's "Umbrella". However, the night before the video was shot, Wallace's estate informed Black of its objection to the song. Black reworked new lyrics for the song and added vocals, retitling it "Symphonies".

List of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven

The musical works of Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) are classified by both genre and various numbering systems.

The most common methods of numbering Beethoven's works are by opus number, assigned by Beethoven's publishers during his lifetime, and by number within genre. For example, the 14th string quartet, published as Opus 131, may be referenced either as "String Quartet No. 14" or "the Opus 131 String Quartet".

Many works that were unpublished or else published without opus numbers have been assigned either "WoO" (works without opus number) or "Anh" (appendix) numbers. For example, the short piano piece "Für Elise", is more fully known as the "Bagatelle in A minor, WoO 59 ('Für Elise')". Some works are also commonly referred to by their nicknames, such as the 'Kreutzer' Violin Sonata, or the Eroica Symphony.

The listings include all of these relevant identifiers. While other catalogues of Beethoven's works exist, the numbers here represent the most commonly used and widely known. Years in parentheses denote dates of composition or publication.