Američki lešinari

Američki lešinari Vremenski raspon:
Cathartes aura
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Aves
Red:	Cathartiformes
Porodica:	Cathartidae Lafresnaye, 1839
Rodovi
Cathartes Coragyps Gymnogyps Sarcoramphus Vultur
Mapa aproksimatnog opsega porodice Cathartidae Žuto – letnji opseg ćuranskg lešinara  Zeleno – bar jedna vrsta je prisutna tokom cele godine
Sinonimi
Vulturidae Illiger, 1811

Američki lešinari ili kondori, lešinari Novog sveta (lat. Cathartidae), porodica su koja sadrži sedam postojećih vrsta svrstanih u pet rodova. Obuhvaćeno je pet postojećih lešinara i dva postojeća kondora koji se nalaze u toplim i umerenim predelima Amerike. Lešinari „Novog sveta” bili su rasprostranjeni u Starom svetu i u Severnoj Americi za vreme neogena.

Lešinari Starog sveta i lešinari Novog sveta ne čine jednu kladu, mada dve grupe izgledaju slično zbog konvergentne evolucije.

Lešinari su ptice koje se uglavnom hrane leševima mrtvih životinja bez vidljivih štetnih posledica. Bakterije u izvoru hrane, koje su patogene za druge kičmenjake, dominiraju u crevnoj flori lešinara, i oni imaju koristi od bakterijske razgradnje natrulog tkiva. Neke vrste lešinara Novog sveta imaju dobo čulo mirisa, dok lešinari iz Starog sveta pronalaze leševe isključivo pomoću vida. Posebna karakteristika mnogih lešinara je ćelava glava, bez perja.

Taksonomija i sistematika

Porodica američkih lešinara se sastoji od sedam vrsta svrstanih u pet rodova. Rodovi su Coragyps, Cathartes, Gymnogyps, Sarcoramphus, i Vultur. Od toga, samo Cathartes nije monotičan. Naučno ime porodice Cathartidae dolazi od cathartes, grčke reči „prečišćivač”. Iako su lešinari Novog sveta u velikoj meri nalik na one iz Starog sveta, oni nisu blisko srodni. Umesto toga, oni podsećaju na lešinare Starog sveta zbog konvergentne evolucije. Filogenetskim analizama koje uključuju sve vrste Cathartidae pronađene su dve primarne klade: (1) crni lešinari (Coragyps atratus) zajedno sa tri Cathartes vrste (manji C. burrovianus i veći C. melambrotus žutouglavi lešinari, ćuranski lešinar C. aura) i (2) kraljevski lešinar (Sarcoramphus papa), kalifornijski (Gymnogyps californianus) i andski (Vultur gryphus) kondori.

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

• New World Vulture videos, photos and sounds на the Internet Bird Collection
• New World Vulture sounds на xeno-canto.org
• New World Vulture photos на beautyofbirds.com