Mikrobiota

Mikrobiota je niz mikroorganizama koji mogu biti komenzalni, mutualistički ili patogeni, koji se nalaze u i na svim višećelijskim organizmima, uključujući biljke. Mikrobiota uključuje bakterije, arheje, protiste, gljive i viruse,^[2]^[3] i utvrđeno je da je ključna za imunološku, hormonsku i metaboličku homeostazu njihovog domaćina.

Termin mikrobiom opisuje bilo kolektivne genome mikroba koji borave u ekološkoj niši ili same mikrobe.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Mikrobiom i domaćin pojavili su se tokom evolucije kao sinergistička jedinica iz epigenetike i genetskih karakteristika, koji se ponekad zajednički nazivaju holobiont.^[7]^[8] Prisustvo mikrobiote u crevima čoveka i drugih metazoa je ključno za razumevanje koevolucije između metazoa i bakterija.^[9]^[10] Mikrobiota igra ključnu ulogu u imunološkim i metaboličkim odgovorima creva preko njihovog proizvoda fermentacije (kratkolančane masne kiseline), acetata.^[11]

Reference

^ Dastogeer, Khondoker M.G.; Tumpa, Farzana Haque; Sultana, Afruja; Akter, Mst Arjina; Chakraborty, Anindita (2020). „Plant microbiome–an account of the factors that shape community composition and diversity”. Current Plant Biology. 23. Bibcode:2020CPBio..2300161D. doi:10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100161.
^ De Sordi, Luisa; Lourenço, Marta; Debarbieux, Laurent (2019). „The battle within: interactions of bacteriophages and bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract”. Cell Host & Microbe. 25 (2): 210—18. PMID 30763535. S2CID 73455329. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.018 .
^ Peterson, J; Garges, S; et al. (2009). „The NIH Human Microbiome Project”. Genome Research. NIH HMP Working Group. 19 (12): 2317—23. PMC 2792171 . PMID 19819907. doi:10.1101/gr.096651.109.
^ Backhed, F.; Ley, R. E.; Sonnenburg, J. L.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2005). „Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine”. Science. 307 (5717): 1915—20. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1915B. PMID 15790844. S2CID 6332272. doi:10.1126/science.1104816.
^ Turnbaugh, P. J.; Ley, R. E.; Hamady, M.; Fraser-Liggett, C. M.; Knight, R.; Gordon, J. I. (2007). „The Human Microbiome Project”. Nature. 449 (7164): 804—10. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..804T. PMC 3709439 . PMID 17943116. doi:10.1038/nature06244.
^ Ley, R. E.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2006). „Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine”. Cell. 124 (4): 837—48. PMID 16497592. S2CID 17203181. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.017 .
^ Salvucci, E. (2016). „Microbiome, holobiont and the net of life”. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 42 (3): 485—94. PMID 25430522. S2CID 30677140. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.962478. hdl:11336/33456 .
^ Guerrero, R.; Margulis, Lynn; Berlanga, M. (2013). „Symbiogenesis: The holobiont as a unit of evolution”. International Microbiology. 16 (3): 133—43. PMID 24568029. doi:10.2436/20.1501.01.188.
^ Davenport, Emily R.; Sanders, Jon G.; Song, Se Jin; Amato, Katherine R.; Clark, Andrew G.; Knight, Rob (2017). „The human microbiome in evolution”. BMC Biology. 15 (1): 127. PMC 5744394 . PMID 29282061. doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0454-7 .
^ Moeller, Andrew H.; Li, Yingying; Mpoudi Ngole, Eitel; Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve; Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V.; Pusey, Anne E.; Peeters, Martine; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Ochman, Howard (2014). „Rapid changes in the gut microbiome during human evolution”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (46): 16431—16435. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11116431M. PMID 25368157. doi:10.1073/pnas.1419136111 .
^ Jugder, Bat-Erdene; Kamareddine, Layla; Watnick, Paula I. (2021). „Microbiota-derived acetate activates intestinal innate immunity via the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complex”. Immunity. 54 (8): 1683—97.e3. ISSN 1074-7613. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.017.

[1] Dastogeer, Khondoker M.G.; Tumpa, Farzana Haque; Sultana, Afruja; Akter, Mst Arjina; Chakraborty, Anindita (2020). „Plant microbiome–an account of the factors that shape community composition and diversity”. Current Plant Biology. 23. Bibcode:2020CPBio..2300161D. doi:10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100161.

[2] De Sordi, Luisa; Lourenço, Marta; Debarbieux, Laurent (2019). „The battle within: interactions of bacteriophages and bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract”. Cell Host & Microbe. 25 (2): 210—18. PMID 30763535. S2CID 73455329. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.018 .

[hmp-3] Peterson, J; Garges, S; et al. (2009). „The NIH Human Microbiome Project”. Genome Research. NIH HMP Working Group. 19 (12): 2317—23. PMC 2792171 . PMID 19819907. doi:10.1101/gr.096651.109.

[4] Backhed, F.; Ley, R. E.; Sonnenburg, J. L.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2005). „Host-Bacterial Mutualism in the Human Intestine”. Science. 307 (5717): 1915—20. Bibcode:2005Sci...307.1915B. PMID 15790844. S2CID 6332272. doi:10.1126/science.1104816.

[5] Turnbaugh, P. J.; Ley, R. E.; Hamady, M.; Fraser-Liggett, C. M.; Knight, R.; Gordon, J. I. (2007). „The Human Microbiome Project”. Nature. 449 (7164): 804—10. Bibcode:2007Natur.449..804T. PMC 3709439 . PMID 17943116. doi:10.1038/nature06244.

[6] Ley, R. E.; Peterson, D. A.; Gordon, J. I. (2006). „Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine”. Cell. 124 (4): 837—48. PMID 16497592. S2CID 17203181. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.017 .

[Salvucci2014-7] Salvucci, E. (2016). „Microbiome, holobiont and the net of life”. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. 42 (3): 485—94. PMID 25430522. S2CID 30677140. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2014.962478. hdl:11336/33456 .

[8] Guerrero, R.; Margulis, Lynn; Berlanga, M. (2013). „Symbiogenesis: The holobiont as a unit of evolution”. International Microbiology. 16 (3): 133—43. PMID 24568029. doi:10.2436/20.1501.01.188.

[9] Davenport, Emily R.; Sanders, Jon G.; Song, Se Jin; Amato, Katherine R.; Clark, Andrew G.; Knight, Rob (2017). „The human microbiome in evolution”. BMC Biology. 15 (1): 127. PMC 5744394 . PMID 29282061. doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0454-7 .

[10] Moeller, Andrew H.; Li, Yingying; Mpoudi Ngole, Eitel; Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve; Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V.; Pusey, Anne E.; Peeters, Martine; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Ochman, Howard (2014). „Rapid changes in the gut microbiome during human evolution”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (46): 16431—16435. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11116431M. PMID 25368157. doi:10.1073/pnas.1419136111 .

[11] Jugder, Bat-Erdene; Kamareddine, Layla; Watnick, Paula I. (2021). „Microbiota-derived acetate activates intestinal innate immunity via the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complex”. Immunity. 54 (8): 1683—97.e3. ISSN 1074-7613. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.017.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]