Nekovina
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![A periodic table showing 14 elements listed by nearly all authors as nonmetals (the noble gases plus fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur); 3 elements listed by most authors as nonmetals (carbon, phosphorus and selenium); and 6 elements listed as nonmetals by some authors (boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony).](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nonmetals_in_the_periodic_table.png/190px-Nonmetals_in_the_periodic_table.png)
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Izsek (zgoraj) iz periodne tabele (spodaj), ki prikazuje kako pogosto je vsak element opredelejen kot nekovina:
14 skoraj vedno[1]
3 pogosto
6 včasih[2]
(sive črke in kvadratki: kovine)
Vodik je običajno v skupini 1 (kot je prikazano v polni tabeli), toda lahko je tudi v skupini 17 (v izseku).[n 1]
Nekovina je kemijski element, ki nima značilnega kovinskega sijaja, slabo prevaja električni tok in toploto. Večina jih je pri normalnih pogojih v plinastem agregatnem stanju. Nekovine v trdnem agregatnem stanju so krhke, ali pa so zelo trdne (diamant).
Nekatere nekovine so v elementarnem stanju dvoatomne molekule in ne le iz enega atoma, kar je značilno za kovine.
V periodnem sistemu loči nekovine od kovin diagonalna črta od bora (B) do polonija (Po). Elementi na tej črti so polkovine; elementi spodaj levo so kovine; elementi zgoraj desno pa so nekovine.
Kategorije
[uredi | uredi kodo]- večatomne nekovine
- dvoatomne nekovine
- žlahtni plini
- elementarni plini
Glej tudi
[uredi | uredi kodo]Opombe
[uredi | uredi kodo]Sklici
[uredi | uredi kodo]Bibliografija
[uredi | uredi kodo]- Steudel R 1977, Chemistry of the Non-metals: With an Introduction to atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, ISBN 978-3-11-004882-7
- Hampel CA & Hawley GG 1976, Glossary of Chemical Terms, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, ISBN 978-0-442-23238-2
- Luchinskii GP & Trifonov DN 1981, "Some problems of chemical elements classification and the structure of the periodic system", in Uchenie o Periodichnosti. Istoriya i Sovremennoct, (Russian) Nauka, Moscow
- Jolly WL 1966, The Chemistry of the Non-metals, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
- Rayner-Canham 2020, The Periodic Table: Past, Present and Future, World Scientific, New Jersey, ISBN 978-981-121-850-7
- Lewis RJ 1993, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, ISBN 978-0-442-01131-4
- Powell P & Timms P 1974, The Chemistry of the Non-Metals, Chapman and Hall, London, ISBN 978-0-412-12200-2
- Emsley J 1971, The Inorganic Chemistry of the Non-metals, Methuen Educational, London, ISBN 978-0-423-86120-4
- Hérold A 2006, "An arrangement of the chemical elements in several classes inside the periodic table according to their common properties", Comptes Rendus Chimie, vol. 9, no. 1, DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2005.10.002