Krpelj
Krpelj | |
---|---|
Naučna klasifikacija | |
Carstvo: | Animalia |
Koljeno: | Arthropoda |
Potkoljeno: | Chelicerata |
Podrazred: | Acarina |
Nadred: | Parasitiformes |
Red: | Ixodida |
Krpelj je paukoliki ektoparazit iz reda Ixodida potklase Acarina. Krpelji se dijele na tvrde (familije Nuttalliellidae i Ixodidae) i meke (familija Argasidae).
Krpelji najčešće borave na vrhu visokih trava gdje čekaju prolazak životinje (i čovjeka) na koju se posle identifikacije mirisom zakače pomoću posebnih kuka na prednjim nogama. Identifikacija se dešava putem posebnih hemoreceptora koji reaguju na hemijska jedinjenja u vazduhu. Krpelj tim receptorima prepoznaje ugljen dioksid, mliječnu kiselinu, amonijak kao i kod svih sisara prepoznatljivu butansku kiselinu. Krpelj reaguje i na svjetlosne promjene (posebno tamno-svijetlo) kao i na vibracije.
Krpelji mogu biti prenosioci brojnih spiroheta, najčešće borelije (bakterija Borrelia burgdorferi) koja može prouzrokovati lajmsku bolest koja je bezopasna ako se dovoljno rano utvrdi. U kasnijem stadijumu ova bolest prouzrokuje komplikacije kao npr. artritis, hronično oticanje zglobova kao i oštećenja perifernog nervnog sistema.
Ubod krpelja je bezbolan tako da je nakon boravka u prirodi neophodno pregledati kožu celog tijela. Posebno pažnju treba posvetiti kontroli mesta sa nježnom kožom, dok je kod djece neophodna kompletna kontrola. Ovaj parazit, ukoliko se ne ukloni, ostaje dugo vremena na „domaćinu“.
Krpelji su insekti koji postaju aktivni čim se temperatura podigne u proleće, a svoje aktivnosti završavaju sa zahlađenjem u jesen. Postoji nekoliko vrsta, ali kako su veoma slične i po izgledu i po ponašanju, sve nose zajednički naziv krpelj. Kada dođu na domaćina, krpelji traže pogodno mesto na kome će ostvariti ubod i hraniti se krvlju.
Posle izvesnog vremena hranjena uvećana do neprepoznatljivosti u odnosu na početni hranjena, ženka krpelja se tada otpusti sa domaćina i na zemlji polaže jaja.
Jaja krpelja se u proleće razviju u larve koje pronalaze svoje prve domaćine, sitne životinje kao što su glodari. Larve zatim rastu do jeseni, a zatim miruju preko zime da bi se na proleće aktivirale i pretvorili u mlade krpelje, svoju najagresivniju fazu.
Krpeljima se naziva i jedna grupa grinja — endoparaziti šugarci, koji žive u koži čovjeka, najčešće između prstiju.
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