Heian-perioden: Forskjell mellom sideversjoner
m →Keisere |
mIngen redigeringsforklaring |
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{{Japans historie}} |
{{Japans historie}} |
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'''Heian-perioden''' ([[kanji]]: 平安時代; [[kana (skrift)|kana]]: へいあんじだい; ''Heian jidai''; ''Heian'' betyr |
'''Heian-perioden''' ([[kanji]]: 平安時代; [[kana (skrift)|kana]]: へいあんじだい; ''Heian jidai''; ''Heian'' betyr «fred, ro») var en periode i [[Japans historie]], den siste perioden av klassisk japansk historie, som regnes fra 794 til 1185, mellom [[Nara-perioden]] og [[Kamakuraperioden]]. Perioden har fått sitt navn etter hovedstaden [[Heian-kyō]], som i dag heter [[Kyōto]]. Dette var den perioden i japansk historie hvor [[buddhisme]], [[daoisme]] og andre innflytelser fra [[kinesisk kultur]] nådde sitt høydepunkt. Heian-perioden regnes også som høydepunktet for [[keiser av Japan|det japanske keiserlige hoffet]], og har blitt kjent for sin kunst, særlig for poesi og litteratur. Selv om keiserne på overflaten hadde makta, lå den reelle makta i hendene til den mektige, aristokratiske [[Fujiwara-klanen]], som hadde giftet seg inn i keiserfamilien, og mange keisere hadde mødre fra Fujiwara-klanen. |
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==Hendelser== |
== Hendelser == |
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[[Fil:Byodo-in Uji02pbs3400.jpg|thumb|Fønikshallen i [[Byōdō-in]]-tempelet ble bygget på 1000-tallet, |
[[Fil:Byodo-in Uji02pbs3400.jpg|thumb|Fønikshallen i [[Byōdō-in]]-tempelet ble bygget på 1000-tallet, i Heian-perioden.]] |
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[[ |
[[Fil:Daidairi of Heiankyo.jpg|thumb|[[Heian-kyō]] (modell).]] |
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[[Fil:Heiji no ran,yoshitomo&yoritomo.jpg|thumb|[[Heiji-krigen]].]] |
[[Fil:Heiji no ran,yoshitomo&yoritomo.jpg|thumb|[[Heiji-krigen]].]] |
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[[Fil:Illustration Genji Monogatari Musée Saint-Remi 928 4.jpg|thumb|Illustrasjon til ''[[Fortellingen om Genji]]''.]] |
[[Fil:Illustration Genji Monogatari Musée Saint-Remi 928 4.jpg|thumb|Illustrasjon til ''[[Fortellingen om Genji]]''.]] |
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[[Fil:Yamaguchi Shrine.jpg|thumb|[[Yamaguchi-tempelet]].]] |
[[Fil:Yamaguchi Shrine.jpg|thumb|[[Yamaguchi-tempelet]].]] |
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[[Fil:Shaka Nyorai.jpg|thumb|Maleri av Røde Shakyamuni, 12. århundre.]] |
[[Fil:Shaka Nyorai.jpg|thumb|Maleri av Røde Shakyamuni, 12. århundre.]] |
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[[ |
[[Fil:Enryaku Kōtaishiki.jpg|thumb|''Enryaku Kōtaishiki'', japansk kaligrafi.]] |
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[[Fil:Fujiwara Michinaga.jpg|thumb|[[Fujiwara no Michinaga]], tegnet av [[Kikuchi Yōsai]].]] |
[[Fil:Fujiwara Michinaga.jpg|thumb|[[Fujiwara no Michinaga]], tegnet av [[Kikuchi Yōsai]].]] |
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[[Fil:DaigojiPagodaClearView.jpg|thumb|[[Pagode]]n i [[Daijogi]], Kyōto.]] |
[[Fil:DaigojiPagodaClearView.jpg|thumb|[[Pagode]]n i [[Daijogi]], Kyōto.]] |
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Linje 22: | Linje 22: | ||
* 819: [[Kūkai]] grunnlegger klostret [[Kōya-san]] i den nordvestlige delen av dagens [[Wakayama (prefektur)|Wakayama]]. |
* 819: [[Kūkai]] grunnlegger klostret [[Kōya-san]] i den nordvestlige delen av dagens [[Wakayama (prefektur)|Wakayama]]. |
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* 858: Keiser [[Seiwa]] starter regentperioden til [[Fujiwara-klanen]]. |
* 858: Keiser [[Seiwa]] starter regentperioden til [[Fujiwara-klanen]]. |
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* 895: [[Sugawara Michizane]] stoppet de keiserlige |
* 895: [[Sugawara Michizane]] stoppet de keiserlige ambassadene til [[Tang-dynastiet]]s [[Kina]]. |
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* 990: [[Sei Shōnagon]] skriver essayene i ''[[Puteboka]]''. |
* 990: [[Sei Shōnagon]] skriver essayene i ''[[Puteboka]]''. |
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*1000- |
* 1000-08: [[Murasaki Shikibu]] skriver romanen ''[[Fortellingen om Genji]]''. |
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* 1050: Den militære [[samurai]]-klassa blir mektigere. |
* 1050: Den militære [[samurai]]-klassa blir mektigere. |
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* 1053: [[Byōdō-in]]-tempelet nær Kyōto opprettes av [[Fujiwara no Yorimichi]]. |
* 1053: [[Byōdō-in]]-tempelet nær Kyōto opprettes av [[Fujiwara no Yorimichi]]. |
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* 1068: Keiser [[Go-Sanjo]] styrter Fujiwara-klanen. |
* 1068: Keiser [[Go-Sanjo]] styrter Fujiwara-klanen. |
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* 1087: Keiser [[Shirakawa]] abdiserer og blir |
* 1087: Keiser [[Shirakawa]] abdiserer og blir buddhistmunk, den første av de såkalte «klosterkeiserne» (insei). |
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* 1156: [[Taira Kiyomori]] beseirer [[Minamoto-klanen]] og overtar makta, og ender dermed |
* 1156: [[Taira Kiyomori]] beseirer [[Minamoto-klanen]] og overtar makta, og ender dermed «insei»-perioden. |
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* 1180 (juni): Keiser [[Antoku]] flytter hovedstaden til [[Fukuhara-kyō]] ([[Kobe]]). |
* 1180 (juni): Keiser [[Antoku]] flytter hovedstaden til [[Fukuhara-kyō]] ([[Kobe]]). |
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* 1180 (november): Keiser [[Antoku]] flytter hovedstaden til Heian-kyō (Kyōto). |
* 1180 (november): Keiser [[Antoku]] flytter hovedstaden til Heian-kyō (Kyōto). |
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* |
* 1180-85: Taira beseiret i [[Gempei-krigen]]; [[Minamoto Yoritomo]], støttet av [[Hōjō-klanen]] overtar makta, og blir Japans første [[shogun|shōgun]], mens keiseren blir en marionetthersker. |
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* 1191: [[Rinzai Zen]]-buddhismen introduseres til Japan av munken [[Eisai]] fra [[Kamakura]], og blir populær blant samuraiene, nå den ledende klassa i det japanske samfunnet. |
* 1191: [[Rinzai Zen]]-buddhismen introduseres til Japan av munken [[Eisai]] fra [[Kamakura]], og blir populær blant samuraiene, nå den ledende klassa i det japanske samfunnet. |
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==Herskere== |
== Herskere == |
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===Keisere=== |
=== Keisere === |
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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! width="13%" | Regjeringsperiode |
! width="13%" | Regjeringsperiode |
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Linje 46: | Linje 47: | ||
! width="33%" | Notater |
! width="33%" | Notater |
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|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0500|50}} |
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| 781–806 |
| 781–806 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Kammu large.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Kammu]] |
| [[Kammu]] |
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| Yamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsugi Iyaderi no Mikoto) |
| Yamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsugi Iyaderi no Mikoto) |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Titsingh, pp. 86</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0510|51}} |
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| 806–809 |
| 806–809 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
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| [[Heizei]] |
| [[Heizei]] |
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| Ate (Yamatoneko Ameoshikuni Takahiko no Mikoto) |
| Ate (Yamatoneko Ameoshikuni Takahiko no Mikoto) |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 279–280; Varley, p. 151; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA96,M1 Titsingh, pp. 96]–97.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 279–280; Varley, p. 151; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA96,M1 Titsingh, pp. 96]–97.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0520|52}} |
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| 809–823 |
| 809–823 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Saga large.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Saga (keiser)|Saga]] |
| [[Saga (keiser)|Saga]] |
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| Kamino |
| Kamino |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 280–282; Varley, pp. 151–164; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA97,M1 Titsingh, pp. 97]–102.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 280–282; Varley, pp. 151–164; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA97,M1 Titsingh, pp. 97]–102.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0530|53}} |
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| 823–833 |
| 823–833 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
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| [[Junna]] |
| [[Junna]] |
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| Ōtomo |
| Ōtomo |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 282–283; Varley, p. 164; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA103,M1 Titsingh, pp. 103]–106.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 282–283; Varley, p. 164; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA103,M1 Titsingh, pp. 103]–106.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0540|54}} |
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| 833–850 |
| 833–850 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
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| [[Ninmyō]] |
| [[Ninmyō]] |
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| Masara |
| Masara |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 283–284; Varley, pp. 164–165; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA106,M1 Titsingh, pp. 106]–112.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 283–284; Varley, pp. 164–165; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA106,M1 Titsingh, pp. 106]–112.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0550|55}} |
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| 850–858 |
| 850–858 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Montoku.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Montoku]] |
| [[Montoku]] |
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| Michiyasu |
| Michiyasu |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 285–286; Varley, p. 165; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA112,M1 Titsingh, pp. 112]–115.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 285–286; Varley, p. 165; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA112,M1 Titsingh, pp. 112]–115.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0560|56}} |
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| \858–876 |
| \858–876 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Seiwa.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Seiwa]] |
| [[Seiwa]] |
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| Korehito |
| Korehito |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 286–288; Varley, pp. 166–170; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA115,M1 Titsingh, pp. 115]–121.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 286–288; Varley, pp. 166–170; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA115,M1 Titsingh, pp. 115]–121.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0570|57}} |
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| 876–884 |
| 876–884 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Hyakuninisshu 013.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Yōzei]] |
| [[Yōzei]] |
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| Sadaakira |
| Sadaakira |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 288–289; Varley, pp. 170–171; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA121,M1 Titsingh, pp. 121]–124.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 288–289; Varley, pp. 170–171; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA121,M1 Titsingh, pp. 121]–124.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0580|58}} |
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| 884–887 |
| 884–887 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Tennō Kōkō.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Kōkō]] |
| [[Kōkō]] |
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| Tokiyasu |
| Tokiyasu |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA124,M1 Titsingh, pp. 124]–125.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA124,M1 Titsingh, pp. 124]–125.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0590|59}} |
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| 887–897 |
| 887–897 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Uda large.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Uda (keiser)|Uda]] |
| [[Uda (keiser)|Uda]] |
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| Sadami |
| Sadami |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 289–290; Varley, pp. 175–179; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA125,M1 Titsingh, pp. 125]–129.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 289–290; Varley, pp. 175–179; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA125,M1 Titsingh, pp. 125]–129.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0600|60}} |
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| 897–930 |
| 897–930 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Daigo.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Daigo]] |
| [[Daigo]] |
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| Atsuhito |
| Atsuhito |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 290–293; Varley, pp. 179–181; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA129,M1 Titsingh, pp. 129]–134.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 290–293; Varley, pp. 179–181; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA129,M1 Titsingh, pp. 129]–134.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0610|61}} |
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| 930–946 |
| 930–946 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Taira no Masakado detail.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Suzaku (keiser)|Suzaku]] |
| [[Suzaku (keiser)|Suzaku]] |
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| Yutaakira |
| Yutaakira |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 294–295; Varley, pp. 181–183; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA134,M1 Titsingh, pp. 134]–138.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 294–295; Varley, pp. 181–183; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA134,M1 Titsingh, pp. 134]–138.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0620|62}} |
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| 946–967 |
| 946–967 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Murakami.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Murakami (keiser)|Murakami]] |
| [[Murakami (keiser)|Murakami]] |
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| Nariakira |
| Nariakira |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 295–298; Varley, pp. 183–190; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA139,M1 Titsingh, pp. 139]–142.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 295–298; Varley, pp. 183–190; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA139,M1 Titsingh, pp. 139]–142.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0630|63}} |
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| 967–969 |
| 967–969 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
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| [[Reizei]] |
| [[Reizei]] |
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| Norihira |
| Norihira |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 298; Varley, pp. 190–191; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA142,M1 Titsingh, pp. 142]–143.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 298; Varley, pp. 190–191; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA142,M1 Titsingh, pp. 142]–143.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0640|64}} |
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| 969–984 |
| 969–984 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
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| [[En'yū]] |
| [[En'yū]] |
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| Morihira |
| Morihira |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 299–300; Varley, pp. 191–192; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA144,M1 Titsingh, pp. 144]–148.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 299–300; Varley, pp. 191–192; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA144,M1 Titsingh, pp. 144]–148.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0650|65}} |
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| 984–986 |
| 984–986 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Tennō Kazan detail.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Kazan (keiser)|Kazan]] |
| [[Kazan (keiser)|Kazan]] |
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| Morosada |
| Morosada |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 300–302; Varley, p. 192; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA148,M1 Titsingh, pp. 148]–149.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 300–302; Varley, p. 192; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA148,M1 Titsingh, pp. 148]–149.</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0660|66}} |
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| 986–1011 |
| 986–1011 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Ichijō.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Ichijō]] |
| [[Ichijō]] |
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| Yasuhito/Kanehito |
| Yasuhito/Kanehito |
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| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 302–307; Varley, pp. 192–195; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA150,M1 Titsingh, pp. 150]–154.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 302–307; Varley, pp. 192–195; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA150,M1 Titsingh, pp. 150]–154.</ref> |
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|- |
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| {{ |
| {{Sort|0670|67}} |
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| 1011–1016 |
| 1011–1016 |
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| [[ |
| [[Fil:Hyakuninisshu 068.jpg|60px]] |
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| [[Sanjō]] |
| [[Sanjō]] |
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| Okisada/Iyasada |
| Okisada/Iyasada |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 307; Varley, p. 195; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA154,M1 Titsingh, pp. 154]–155.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 307; Varley, p. 195; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA154,M1 Titsingh, pp. 154]–155.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0680|68}} |
||
| 1016–1036 |
| 1016–1036 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
||
| [[Go-Ichijō]] |
| [[Go-Ichijō]] |
||
| Atsuhira |
| Atsuhira |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 307–310; Varley, pp. 195–196; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA156,M1 Titsingh, pp. 156]–160.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 307–310; Varley, pp. 195–196; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA156,M1 Titsingh, pp. 156]–160.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0690|69}} |
||
| 1036–1045 |
| 1036–1045 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
||
| [[Go-Suzaku]] |
| [[Go-Suzaku]] |
||
| Atsunaga/Atsuyoshi |
| Atsunaga/Atsuyoshi |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 310–311; Varley, p. 197; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA160,M1 Titsingh, pp. 160]–162.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 310–311; Varley, p. 197; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA160,M1 Titsingh, pp. 160]–162.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0700|70}} |
||
| 1045–1068 |
| 1045–1068 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
||
| [[Go-Reizei]] |
| [[Go-Reizei]] |
||
| Chikahito |
| Chikahito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 311–314; Varley, pp. 197–198; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA162,M1 Titsingh, pp. 162]–166.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 311–314; Varley, pp. 197–198; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA162,M1 Titsingh, pp. 162]–166.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0710|71}} |
||
| 1068–1073 |
| 1068–1073 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
||
| [[Go-Sanjō]] |
| [[Go-Sanjō]] |
||
| Takahito |
| Takahito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 314–315; Varley, pp. 198–199; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA166,M1 Titsingh, pp. 166]–168.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 314–315; Varley, pp. 198–199; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA166,M1 Titsingh, pp. 166]–168.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0720|72}} |
||
| 1073–1086 |
| 1073–1086 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
||
| [[Shirakawa]] |
| [[Shirakawa]] |
||
| Sadahito |
| Sadahito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 315–317; Varley, pp. 199–202; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA169,M1 Titsingh, pp. 169]–171.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 315–317; Varley, pp. 199–202; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA169,M1 Titsingh, pp. 169]–171.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0730|73}} |
||
| 1087–1107 |
| 1087–1107 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
||
| [[Horikawa]] |
| [[Horikawa]] |
||
| Taruhito |
| Taruhito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 317–320; Varley, p. 202; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA172,M1 Titsingh, pp. 172]–178.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 317–320; Varley, p. 202; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA172,M1 Titsingh, pp. 172]–178.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0740|74}} |
||
| 1107–1123 |
| 1107–1123 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Toba.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Toba]] |
| [[Toba (keiser)|Toba]] |
||
| Munehito |
| Munehito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 320–322; Varley, pp. 203–204; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA178,M1 Titsingh, pp. 178]–181.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 320–322; Varley, pp. 203–204; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA178,M1 Titsingh, pp. 178]–181.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0750|75}} |
||
| 1123–1142 |
| 1123–1142 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Sutoku2.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Sutoku]] |
| [[Sutoku]] |
||
| Akihito |
| Akihito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 322–324; Varley, pp. 204–205; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA181,M1 Titsingh, pp. 181]–185.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 322–324; Varley, pp. 204–205; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA181,M1 Titsingh, pp. 181]–185.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0760|76}} |
||
| 1142–1155 |
| 1142–1155 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
||
| [[Konoe]] |
| [[Konoe]] |
||
| Narihito |
| Narihito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 324–326; Varley, p. 205; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA186,M1 Titsingh, pp. 186]–188.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 324–326; Varley, p. 205; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA186,M1 Titsingh, pp. 186]–188.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0770|77}} |
||
| 1155–1158 |
| 1155–1158 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Go-Shirakawa2.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Go-Shirakawa]] |
| [[Go-Shirakawa]] |
||
| Masahito |
| Masahito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 326–327; Varley, pp. 205–208; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA188,M1 Titsingh, pp. 188]–190.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, p. 326–327; Varley, pp. 205–208; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA188,M1 Titsingh, pp. 188]–190.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0780|78}} |
||
| 1158–1165 |
| 1158–1165 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Nijotenno.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Nijō]] |
| [[Nijō]] |
||
| Morihito |
| Morihito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 327–329; Varley, pp. 208–212; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA191,M1 Titsingh, pp. 191]–194.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref>Brown, pp. 327–329; Varley, pp. 208–212; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA191,M1 Titsingh, pp. 191]–194.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0790|79}} |
||
| 1165–1168 |
| 1165–1168 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Noimage.png|60px]] |
||
| [[Rokujō]] |
| [[Rokujō]] |
||
| Yorihito |
| Yorihito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref name="Titsingh, pp. 194">Brown, pp. 329–330; Varley, p. 212; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA191,M1 Titsingh, pp. 194]–195.</ref> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref name="Titsingh, pp. 194">Brown, pp. 329–330; Varley, p. 212; [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA191,M1 Titsingh, pp. 194]–195.</ref> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0800|80}} |
||
| 1168–1180 |
| 1168–1180 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Takakura.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Takakura]] |
| [[Takakura]] |
||
| Norihito |
| Norihito |
||
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref name="Titsingh, pp. 194"/> |
| Tradisjonelle datoer.<ref name="Titsingh, pp. 194" /> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Sort|0810|81}} |
||
| 1180–1185 |
| 1180–1185 |
||
| [[ |
| [[Fil:Emperor Antoku.jpg|60px]] |
||
| [[Antoku]] |
| [[Antoku]] |
||
| Tokihito |
| Tokihito |
||
Linje 271: | Linje 272: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
===Regenter=== |
=== Regenter === |
||
{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
||
![[Sesshō]] |
![[Sesshō]] |
||
Linje 278: | Linje 279: | ||
!Keiser |
!Keiser |
||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Fujiwara no Yoshifusa]].<ref>Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the |
|[[Fujiwara no Yoshifusa]].<ref>Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the «Gukanshō,»'' p. 286.</ref> |
||
| |
| |
||
|858 – 872 |
|858 – 872 |
||
Linje 375: | Linje 376: | ||
| |
| |
||
|Fujiwara no Yorimichi.<!-- Titsingh, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP160&dq=; n.b., this may be an irrelevant cite in the middle of the serial appointments as ''kampaku'' during the reign of 3 emperors -- not yet sure how best to handle it in this context? --> |
|Fujiwara no Yorimichi.<!-- Titsingh, [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP160&dq=; n.b., this may be an irrelevant cite in the middle of the serial appointments as ''kampaku'' during the reign of 3 emperors -- not yet sure how best to handle it in this context? --> |
||
|1020 – 1068 |
|||
|Go-Ichijō, [[Go-Suzaku]], [[Go-Reizei]] |
|Go-Ichijō, [[Go-Suzaku]], [[Go-Reizei]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Linje 384: | Linje 386: | ||
| |
| |
||
|Fujiwara no Morozane |
|Fujiwara no Morozane |
||
|1075 – 1086 |
|1075 – 1086 |
||
|Shirakawa |
|Shirakawa |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Linje 482: | Linje 484: | ||
|Antoku, [[Go-Toba]] |
|Antoku, [[Go-Toba]] |
||
|} |
|} |
||
==Kilder== |
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== Referanser == |
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<references/> |
<references /> |
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== Eksterne lenker == |
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* {{Offisielle lenker}} |
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{{Autoritetsdata}} |
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[[Kategori:Japans historie]] |
[[Kategori:Japans historie]] |
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{{Commons|Category:Heian period|Heian-perioden}} |
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[[ar:فترة هييآن]] |
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[[ca:Període Heian]] |
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[[cs:Období Heian]] |
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[[de:Heian-Zeit]] |
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[[en:Heian period]] |
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[[es:Período Heian]] |
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[[eo:Heian-epoko]] |
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[[fa:دوره هیآن]] |
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[[fr:Époque de Heian]] |
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[[ko:헤이안 시대]] |
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[[id:Zaman Heian]] |
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[[it:Periodo Heian]] |
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[[he:תקופת הייאן]] |
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[[ka:ჰეიანის პერიოდი]] |
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[[lt:Heian laikotarpis]] |
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[[hu:Heian-kor]] |
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[[ms:Zaman Heian]] |
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[[nl:Heianperiode]] |
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[[ja:平安時代]] |
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[[pl:Heian]] |
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[[pt:Período Heian]] |
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[[ru:Период Хэйан]] |
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[[simple:Heian period]] |
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[[sk:Obdobie Heian]] |
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[[sr:Хејан период]] |
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[[sh:Heianski period]] |
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[[fi:Heian-kausi]] |
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[[sv:Heian]] |
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[[tl:Heian]] |
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[[ta:ஹையன் காலகட்டம்]] |
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[[th:ยุคเฮอัง]] |
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[[tr:Heian dönemi]] |
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[[uk:Період Хейан]] |
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[[vi:Thời kỳ Heian]] |
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[[zh-yue:平安時代]] |
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[[zh:平安时代]] |
Siste sideversjon per 9. nov. 2018 kl. 09:12
Artikkelen inngår i serien om |
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Perioder |
Heian-perioden (kanji: 平安時代; kana: へいあんじだい; Heian jidai; Heian betyr «fred, ro») var en periode i Japans historie, den siste perioden av klassisk japansk historie, som regnes fra 794 til 1185, mellom Nara-perioden og Kamakuraperioden. Perioden har fått sitt navn etter hovedstaden Heian-kyō, som i dag heter Kyōto. Dette var den perioden i japansk historie hvor buddhisme, daoisme og andre innflytelser fra kinesisk kultur nådde sitt høydepunkt. Heian-perioden regnes også som høydepunktet for det japanske keiserlige hoffet, og har blitt kjent for sin kunst, særlig for poesi og litteratur. Selv om keiserne på overflaten hadde makta, lå den reelle makta i hendene til den mektige, aristokratiske Fujiwara-klanen, som hadde giftet seg inn i keiserfamilien, og mange keisere hadde mødre fra Fujiwara-klanen.
Hendelser
[rediger | rediger kilde]- 784: Keiser Kammu flytter hovedstaden til Nagaoka-kyō (Kyōto).
- 794: Keiser Kammu flytter hovedstaden til Heian-kyō (Kyōto).
- 804: Buddhistmunken Saichō (Dengyo Daishi) introduserer Tendai-skolen.
- 806: Minken Kūkai (Kōbō-Daishi) introduserer (den trantiske) Shingon-skolen.
- 819: Kūkai grunnlegger klostret Kōya-san i den nordvestlige delen av dagens Wakayama.
- 858: Keiser Seiwa starter regentperioden til Fujiwara-klanen.
- 895: Sugawara Michizane stoppet de keiserlige ambassadene til Tang-dynastiets Kina.
- 990: Sei Shōnagon skriver essayene i Puteboka.
- 1000-08: Murasaki Shikibu skriver romanen Fortellingen om Genji.
- 1050: Den militære samurai-klassa blir mektigere.
- 1053: Byōdō-in-tempelet nær Kyōto opprettes av Fujiwara no Yorimichi.
- 1068: Keiser Go-Sanjo styrter Fujiwara-klanen.
- 1087: Keiser Shirakawa abdiserer og blir buddhistmunk, den første av de såkalte «klosterkeiserne» (insei).
- 1156: Taira Kiyomori beseirer Minamoto-klanen og overtar makta, og ender dermed «insei»-perioden.
- 1180 (juni): Keiser Antoku flytter hovedstaden til Fukuhara-kyō (Kobe).
- 1180 (november): Keiser Antoku flytter hovedstaden til Heian-kyō (Kyōto).
- 1180-85: Taira beseiret i Gempei-krigen; Minamoto Yoritomo, støttet av Hōjō-klanen overtar makta, og blir Japans første shōgun, mens keiseren blir en marionetthersker.
- 1191: Rinzai Zen-buddhismen introduseres til Japan av munken Eisai fra Kamakura, og blir populær blant samuraiene, nå den ledende klassa i det japanske samfunnet.
Herskere
[rediger | rediger kilde]Keisere
[rediger | rediger kilde]# | Regjeringsperiode | Portrett | Posthumt navn | Personlig navn (imina) | Notater |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
50 | 781–806 | Kammu | Yamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsugi Iyaderi no Mikoto) | Tradisjonelle datoer.[1] | |
51 | 806–809 | Heizei | Ate (Yamatoneko Ameoshikuni Takahiko no Mikoto) | Tradisjonelle datoer.[2] | |
52 | 809–823 | Saga | Kamino | Tradisjonelle datoer.[3] | |
53 | 823–833 | Junna | Ōtomo | Tradisjonelle datoer.[4] | |
54 | 833–850 | Ninmyō | Masara | Tradisjonelle datoer.[5] | |
55 | 850–858 | Montoku | Michiyasu | Tradisjonelle datoer.[6] | |
56 | \858–876 | Seiwa | Korehito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[7] | |
57 | 876–884 | Yōzei | Sadaakira | Tradisjonelle datoer.[8] | |
58 | 884–887 | Kōkō | Tokiyasu | Tradisjonelle datoer.[9] | |
59 | 887–897 | Uda | Sadami | Tradisjonelle datoer.[10] | |
60 | 897–930 | Daigo | Atsuhito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[11] | |
61 | 930–946 | Suzaku | Yutaakira | Tradisjonelle datoer.[12] | |
62 | 946–967 | Murakami | Nariakira | Tradisjonelle datoer.[13] | |
63 | 967–969 | Reizei | Norihira | Tradisjonelle datoer.[14] | |
64 | 969–984 | En'yū | Morihira | Tradisjonelle datoer.[15] | |
65 | 984–986 | Kazan | Morosada | Tradisjonelle datoer.[16] | |
66 | 986–1011 | Ichijō | Yasuhito/Kanehito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[17] | |
67 | 1011–1016 | Sanjō | Okisada/Iyasada | Tradisjonelle datoer.[18] | |
68 | 1016–1036 | Go-Ichijō | Atsuhira | Tradisjonelle datoer.[19] | |
69 | 1036–1045 | Go-Suzaku | Atsunaga/Atsuyoshi | Tradisjonelle datoer.[20] | |
70 | 1045–1068 | Go-Reizei | Chikahito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[21] | |
71 | 1068–1073 | Go-Sanjō | Takahito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[22] | |
72 | 1073–1086 | Shirakawa | Sadahito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[23] | |
73 | 1087–1107 | Horikawa | Taruhito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[24] | |
74 | 1107–1123 | Toba | Munehito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[25] | |
75 | 1123–1142 | Sutoku | Akihito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[26] | |
76 | 1142–1155 | Konoe | Narihito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[27] | |
77 | 1155–1158 | Go-Shirakawa | Masahito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[28] | |
78 | 1158–1165 | Nijō | Morihito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[29] | |
79 | 1165–1168 | Rokujō | Yorihito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[30] | |
80 | 1168–1180 | Takakura | Norihito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[30] | |
81 | 1180–1185 | Antoku | Tokihito | Tradisjonelle datoer.[31] |
Regenter
[rediger | rediger kilde]Sesshō | Kampaku | Periode | Keiser |
---|---|---|---|
Fujiwara no Yoshifusa.[32] | 858 – 872 | Seiwa | |
Fujiwara no Mototsune | 872 – 880 | Seiwa, Yōzei | |
Fujiwara no Mototsune | 880 – 890 | Yōzei, Kōkō, Uda | |
Fujiwara no Tokihira | 909[33] | Daigo | |
Fujiwara no Tadahira | 930 – 941 | Suzaku | |
Fujiwara no Tadahira | 941 – 949 | Suzaku, Murakami | |
Fujiwara no Saneyori[34] | 967 – 969 | Reizei | |
Fujiwara no Saneyori | 969 – 970 | En'yū | |
Fujiwara no Koretada | 970 – 972 | En'yū | |
Fujiwara no Kanemichi[35] | 972 – 977 | En'yū | |
Fujiwara no Yoritada | 977 – 986 | En'yū, Kazan | |
Fujiwara no Kaneie | 986 – 990 | Ichijō | |
Fujiwara no Kaneie | 5. mai (månekalenderen) 990 – 8. mai 990 | Ichijō | |
Fujiwara no Michitaka | 8. mai, 990 – 26. mai 990 | Ichijō | |
Fujiwara no Michitaka | 990 – 993 | Ichijō | |
Fujiwara no Michitaka | 993 – 995 | Ichijō | |
Fujiwara no Michikane | April 28, 995 – May 8, 995 | Ichijō | |
Fujiwara no Michinaga | 1016 – 1017 | Go-Ichijō | |
Fujiwara no Yorimichi | 1017 – 1019 | Go-Ichijō | |
Fujiwara no Yorimichi. | 1020 – 1068 | Go-Ichijō, Go-Suzaku, Go-Reizei | |
Fujiwara no Norimichi | 1068 – 1075 | Go-Sanjō, Shirakawa | |
Fujiwara no Morozane | 1075 – 1086 | Shirakawa | |
Fujiwara no Morozane | 1086 – 1090 | Horikawa | |
Fujiwara no Morozane | 1090 – 1094 | Horikawa | |
Fujiwara no Moromichi | 1094 – 1099 | Horikawa | |
Fujiwara no Tadazane | 1105 – 1107 | Horikawa | |
Fujiwara no Tadazane | 1107 – 1113 | Toba | |
Fujiwara no Tadazane | 1113 – 1121 | Toba | |
Fujiwara no Tadamichi | 1121 – 1123 | Toba | |
Fujiwara no Tadamichi | 1123 – 1129 | Sutoku | |
Fujiwara no Tadamichi | 1129 – 1141 | Sutoku | |
Fujiwara no Tadamichi | 1141 – 1150 | Konoe | |
Fujiwara no Tadamichi | 1150 – 1158 | Konoe, Emperor Go-Shirakawa | |
Konoe Motozane | 1158 – 1165 | Nijō | |
Konoe Motozane | 1165 – 1166 | Rokujō | |
Fujiwara no Motofusa | 1166 – 1172 | Rokujō, Takakura | |
Fujiwara no Motofusa | 1172 – 1179 | Takakura | |
Konoe Motomichi | 1179 – 1180 | Takakura | |
Konoe Motomichi | 1180 – 1183 | Antoku | |
Matsudono Moroie | 1183 – 1184 | Antoku | |
Konoe Motomichi | 1184 – 1186 | Antoku, Go-Toba |
Referanser
[rediger | rediger kilde]- ^ Titsingh, pp. 86
- ^ Brown, pp. 279–280; Varley, p. 151; Titsingh, pp. 96–97.
- ^ Brown, pp. 280–282; Varley, pp. 151–164; Titsingh, pp. 97–102.
- ^ Brown, p. 282–283; Varley, p. 164; Titsingh, pp. 103–106.
- ^ Brown, pp. 283–284; Varley, pp. 164–165; Titsingh, pp. 106–112.
- ^ Brown, pp. 285–286; Varley, p. 165; Titsingh, pp. 112–115.
- ^ Brown, pp. 286–288; Varley, pp. 166–170; Titsingh, pp. 115–121.
- ^ Brown, pp. 288–289; Varley, pp. 170–171; Titsingh, pp. 121–124.
- ^ Brown, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175; Titsingh, pp. 124–125.
- ^ Brown, p. 289–290; Varley, pp. 175–179; Titsingh, pp. 125–129.
- ^ Brown, pp. 290–293; Varley, pp. 179–181; Titsingh, pp. 129–134.
- ^ Brown, pp. 294–295; Varley, pp. 181–183; Titsingh, pp. 134–138.
- ^ Brown, pp. 295–298; Varley, pp. 183–190; Titsingh, pp. 139–142.
- ^ Brown, p. 298; Varley, pp. 190–191; Titsingh, pp. 142–143.
- ^ Brown, pp. 299–300; Varley, pp. 191–192; Titsingh, pp. 144–148.
- ^ Brown, pp. 300–302; Varley, p. 192; Titsingh, pp. 148–149.
- ^ Brown, pp. 302–307; Varley, pp. 192–195; Titsingh, pp. 150–154.
- ^ Brown, p. 307; Varley, p. 195; Titsingh, pp. 154–155.
- ^ Brown, pp. 307–310; Varley, pp. 195–196; Titsingh, pp. 156–160.
- ^ Brown, pp. 310–311; Varley, p. 197; Titsingh, pp. 160–162.
- ^ Brown, pp. 311–314; Varley, pp. 197–198; Titsingh, pp. 162–166.
- ^ Brown, pp. 314–315; Varley, pp. 198–199; Titsingh, pp. 166–168.
- ^ Brown, pp. 315–317; Varley, pp. 199–202; Titsingh, pp. 169–171.
- ^ Brown, pp. 317–320; Varley, p. 202; Titsingh, pp. 172–178.
- ^ Brown, pp. 320–322; Varley, pp. 203–204; Titsingh, pp. 178–181.
- ^ Brown, pp. 322–324; Varley, pp. 204–205; Titsingh, pp. 181–185.
- ^ Brown, pp. 324–326; Varley, p. 205; Titsingh, pp. 186–188.
- ^ Brown, p. 326–327; Varley, pp. 205–208; Titsingh, pp. 188–190.
- ^ Brown, pp. 327–329; Varley, pp. 208–212; Titsingh, pp. 191–194.
- ^ a b Brown, pp. 329–330; Varley, p. 212; Titsingh, pp. 194–195.
- ^ Brown, pp. 333–334; Varley, pp. 214–215; Titsingh, pp. 200–207.
- ^ Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the «Gukanshō,» p. 286.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 132.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 142.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1384). p. 145.
Eksterne lenker
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