yrkja
Faroese
[edit]Verb
[edit]yrkja (third person singular past indicative yrkti, third person plural past indicative yrkt, supine yrkt)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of yrkja (group v-11) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | yrkja | |
supine | yrkt | |
participle (a5)1 | yrkjandi | yrktur |
present | past | |
first singular | yrki | yrkti |
second singular | yrkir | yrkti |
third singular | yrkir | yrkti |
plural | yrkja | yrktu |
imperative | ||
singular | yrk! | |
plural | yrkið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Icelandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Verb
[edit]yrkja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative yrkti, supine yrkt)
- (transitive, with accusative) to cultivate, to till
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að yrkja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
yrkt | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
yrkjandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég yrki | við yrkjum | present (nútíð) |
ég yrki | við yrkjum |
þú yrkir | þið yrkið | þú yrkir | þið yrkið | ||
hann, hún, það yrkir | þeir, þær, þau yrkja | hann, hún, það yrki | þeir, þær, þau yrki | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég yrkti | við yrktum | past (þátíð) |
ég yrkti | við yrktum |
þú yrktir | þið yrktuð | þú yrktir | þið yrktuð | ||
hann, hún, það yrkti | þeir, þær, þau yrktu | hann, hún, það yrkti | þeir, þær, þau yrktu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
yrk (þú) | yrkið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
yrktu | yrkiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að yrkjast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
yrkst | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
yrkjandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég yrkist | við yrkjumst | present (nútíð) |
ég yrkist | við yrkjumst |
þú yrkist | þið yrkist | þú yrkist | þið yrkist | ||
hann, hún, það yrkist | þeir, þær, þau yrkjast | hann, hún, það yrkist | þeir, þær, þau yrkist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég yrktist | við yrktumst | past (þátíð) |
ég yrktist | við yrktumst |
þú yrktist | þið yrktust | þú yrktist | þið yrktust | ||
hann, hún, það yrktist | þeir, þær, þau yrktust | hann, hún, það yrktist | þeir, þær, þau yrktust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
yrkst (þú) | yrkist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
yrkstu | yrkisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
yrktur | yrkt | yrkt | yrktir | yrktar | yrkt | |
accusative (þolfall) |
yrktan | yrkta | yrkt | yrkta | yrktar | yrkt | |
dative (þágufall) |
yrktum | yrktri | yrktu | yrktum | yrktum | yrktum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
yrkts | yrktrar | yrkts | yrktra | yrktra | yrktra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
yrkti | yrkta | yrkta | yrktu | yrktu | yrktu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
yrkta | yrktu | yrkta | yrktu | yrktu | yrktu | |
dative (þágufall) |
yrkta | yrktu | yrkta | yrktu | yrktu | yrktu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
yrkta | yrktu | yrkta | yrktu | yrktu | yrktu |
Noun
[edit]yrkja f (genitive singular yrkju, no plural)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]yrkja (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative orti, third-person plural past indicative ortu, supine ort)
- (transitive, with accusative) to compose, to write (poetry or verse)
Conjugation
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Synonyms
[edit]- (to compose poetry): kveða
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse yrkja, from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵyéti of the root *werǵ-. In an ablaut relationship with verk (from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom (“work”)).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]yrkja (present tense yrkjer, past tense yrkte, past participle yrkt, passive infinitive yrkjast, present participle yrkjande, imperative yrk)
References
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Norse ᚹᛟᚱᚨᚺᛏᛟ (worahto /worᵃhtō/), ᚹᚢᚱᛏᛖ (wurte /wurtē/), ᛟᚱᛏᛖ (orte /ortē/), from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work”).
Verb
[edit]yrkja (present indicative yrkir, past indicative orti, supine ort)
- (transitive) to work
- to compose (law or poetry)
- Snorri Sturluson, Ynglinga Saga, chapter 55
- Rögnvaldr hét son Ólafs konungs, er konungr var á Vestfold eptir föðr sinn. Hann var kallaðr heiðum hæri. Um hann orti Þjóðólfr hinn hvinverski Ynglinga tal, þar segir hann svá:
- King Olaf's son, who was the King of Vestfold after his father, was named Ragnvald. He was called high with honours. About him Thjódólf of Hvinir composed Ynglingatal, where he says this:
- Snorri Sturluson, Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar, chapter 90
- Hallfreðr sagði: Hvat gefr þú mér, konungr, at nafnfesti, ef ek skal heita vandræðaskáld? Konungr gaf honum sverð, ok fylgði engi umgerð. Konungr mælti: Yrk nú vísu um sverðit ok lát sverð vera í hverju vísuorði.
- Hallfred said: What do you give me, O king, as a name-gift, if I shall be called “Poet of Troubles”? The king gave him a sword, but no scabbard followed. The king spoke: Compose now a stanza about the sword, and have (the word) “sword” be in every line.
- Snorri Sturluson, Ynglinga Saga, chapter 55
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | yrkja | |
---|---|---|
present participle | yrkjandi | |
past participle | ortr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | yrki | orta |
2nd-person singular | yrkir | ortir |
3rd-person singular | yrkir | orti |
1st-person plural | yrkjum | ortum |
2nd-person plural | yrkið | ortuð |
3rd-person plural | yrkja | ortu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | yrkja | orta |
2nd-person singular | yrkir | ortir |
3rd-person singular | yrki | orti |
1st-person plural | yrkim | ortim |
2nd-person plural | yrkið | ortið |
3rd-person plural | yrki | orti |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | yrk, yrki | |
1st-person plural | yrkjum | |
2nd-person plural | yrkið |
infinitive | yrkjask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | yrkjandisk | |
past participle | yrkzk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | yrkjumk | ortumk |
2nd-person singular | yrkisk | ortisk |
3rd-person singular | yrkisk | ortisk |
1st-person plural | yrkjumsk | ortumsk |
2nd-person plural | yrkizk | ortuzk |
3rd-person plural | yrkjask | ortusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | yrkjumk | ortumk |
2nd-person singular | yrkisk | ortisk |
3rd-person singular | yrkisk | ortisk |
1st-person plural | yrkimsk | ortimsk |
2nd-person plural | yrkizk | ortizk |
3rd-person plural | yrkisk | ortisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | yrksk, yrkisk | |
1st-person plural | yrkjumsk | |
2nd-person plural | yrkizk |
Descendants
[edit]- Icelandic: yrkja, orka
- Faroese: yrkja, orka
- Norwegian:
- Elfdalian: yrtja, uorka
- Old Swedish: yrkia, orka
- Old Danish: yrkæ, orkæ
- Old Gutnish: yrkia, orka
- → Middle English: irken
- English: irk
References
[edit]- “yrkja”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese verbs
- fo:Literature
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪr̥ca
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪr̥ca/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic weak verbs
- Icelandic transitive verbs
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic feminine nouns
- Icelandic uncountable nouns
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk weak verbs
- nn:Poetry
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse irregular verbs
- Old Norse transitive verbs
- Old Norse terms with quotations
- Old Norse class 1 weak long-stem verbs