riffeln
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German riffeln, rifilen, from Old High German riffilōn (“to ripple, remove seeds from flax”), derived from riffila (“ripple”), from Proto-Germanic *ripilō, which is probably related to *rīpaną (“to harvest, reap”). Cognate with Dutch repel, English ripple.
The sense “to cut grooves into” is from unrelated German Low German rieveln, riffeln, frequentative of Middle Low German rīven (“to rake”). Compare German Riefe (“groove”), Dutch rijf (“rake”), (obsolete) rijffelen (“to scrape”), Old Norse hrīfa (“rake”). These words are all rather related to Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to rake, scratch”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]riffeln (weak, third-person singular present riffelt, past tense riffelte, past participle geriffelt, auxiliary haben)
- to groove (provide with narrow, parallel channels)
- to ripple (remove seeds from the stalks of flax by means of a comb)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | riffeln | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | riffelnd | ||||
past participle | geriffelt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich riffle ich riffele ich riffel |
wir riffeln | i | ich riffele ich riffle |
wir riffeln |
du riffelst | ihr riffelt | du riffelest du rifflest |
ihr riffelet ihr rifflet | ||
er riffelt | sie riffeln | er riffele er riffle |
sie riffeln | ||
preterite | ich riffelte | wir riffelten | ii | ich riffelte1 | wir riffelten1 |
du riffeltest | ihr riffeltet | du riffeltest1 | ihr riffeltet1 | ||
er riffelte | sie riffelten | er riffelte1 | sie riffelten1 | ||
imperative | riffle (du) riffel (du) riffele (du) |
riffelt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms borrowed from German Low German
- German terms derived from German Low German
- German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary