od
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Alteration of God.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɒd/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ɑd/
- Rhymes: -ɒd
- Homophone: odd
Noun
[edit]od
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from German Od, arbitrarily coined by the German scientist and philosopher Carl Reichenbach (1788–1869).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɒd/, /əʊd/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ɑd/, /ɔd/, /oʊd/
- Rhymes: -ɒd, -əʊd, -ɔd
- Homophones: odd, ode
Noun
[edit]od
- (pseudoscience, historical, also attributive) A hypothetical force or natural power, which was supposed by Carl Reichenbach and others to inhere in certain people and produce phenomena such as animal magnetism and mesmerism, and to be developed by various agencies, as by chemical or vital action, heat, light, magnets, etc.
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Charles von Reichenbach [i.e., Carl Reichenbach] (1850) “Sixth Treatise. The Material World in General.”, in Physico-psychological Researches on the Dynamics of Magnetism, Electricity, Heat, Light, Crystallization, and Chemism, in Their Relations to Vital Force. […], London: Hippolyte Baillière, […], →OCLC, paragraph 215, page 224:
- Leaving the etymological derivation to be justified at some other opportunity, I will take the liberty to propose the short word Od for the force which we are engaged in examining. Every one will admit it to be desirable that an uni-syllabic word beginning with a vowel should be selected for an object which occurs universally in an infinity of complex conditions of the material world, for the sake of convenient conjunction in the manifold compound words. The words magnetism, electricity, &c., are by far too long for convenient use in the language of science.
- ^ “Od, n.2”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “od1, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
Further reading
[edit]Odic force on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
[edit]Azerbaijani
[edit]Cyrillic | од | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | اوْد |
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]od (definite accusative odu, plural odlar)
Declension
[edit]Declension of od | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | od |
odlar | ||||||
definite accusative | odu |
odları | ||||||
dative | oda |
odlara | ||||||
locative | odda |
odlarda | ||||||
ablative | oddan |
odlardan | ||||||
definite genitive | odun |
odların |
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Səlimi, Hüseynqulu (1976) A generative phonology of Azerbaijani (PhD)[1], University of Florida, page 153: “[T]he words for 'milk' and 'fire' differ with respect to the final stop in Tabriz from the literary dialect. In Tabriz we have [süt] 'milk' and [ot] 'fire' whereas in the literary dialect we have [süd] and [od].”
Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech ot, from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]od [with genitive]
- from
- Dostal jsem dopis od bratra. ― I got a letter from my brother.
- since
- Od té doby jsem tam nebyl. ― I haven't been there since.
- of
- To je od tebe moc hezké. ― That is very nice of you.
Further reading
[edit]- “od”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “od”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse oddr, from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz, cognate with German Ort (“place, point”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]od c (singular definite odden, plural indefinite odde)
- sharp point
Declension
[edit]Ido
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- o (apocope)
Etymology
[edit]Borrowing from English or, French ou, Italian od and Spanish o.
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]od
Related terms
[edit]Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]od
Anagrams
[edit]Latvian
[edit]Verb
[edit]od
- inflection of ost:
Middle English
[edit]Adjective
[edit]od
- Alternative form of odde
Adverb
[edit]od
- Alternative form of odde
Noun
[edit]od
- Alternative form of odde
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Adjective
[edit]od (neuter singular odt, definite singular and plural ode, comparative odare, indefinite superlative odast, definite superlative odaste)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]od n (definite singular odet, indefinite plural od, definite plural oda)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “od” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- “od”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Preposition
[edit]od
Descendants
[edit]- Norman: d'ot
Old Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ. The final d is due to analogy with other prepositions such as nad and pod. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]od [with genitive]
- indicates the beginning of an action has lasted; since, from, for
- indicates length of time; for
- indicates disatance; from, away from
- indicates source or cause; from, because of
- indicates agent of a request; from
- indicates physical origin, sometimes used in names; from
- indicates author or letter; by, from
- used in passive constructions; by
- indicates the scope, manner or degree
- indicates relation, intended purpose or use, material, or age; from
- used in comparisons; than
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “od”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish od.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): (isolated) /ɔt/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɔt/
Audio 1: (file) Audio 2: (file) - Rhymes: -ɔt
- Syllabification: od
- Homophones: od-, ot, -ot
Preposition
[edit]od [with genitive]
- indicates separation, distance, loss of contact; from, away
- Jesteśmy dość daleko od domu. ― We're pretty far from home.
- Odsuń się od niej! ― Get away from her!
- indicates origin of movement; from, away
- Dostałem dziś list od siostry. ― I got a letter from my sister today.
- Odchodzę od tego budynku. ― I am walking away from that building.
- indicates moment of origin in time; from, since, for
- Pracuję codziennie od siódmej do piętnastej. ― I work from 7 AM till 3 PM every day.
- Od jutra będę mieszkał we własnym mieszkaniu. ― Starting tomorrow I'll be living in my own flat.
- Odlicz od dziesięciu w dół. ― Count backwards from ten.
- Czekam na ciebie od osiemnastej. ― I have been waiting for you since 6 PM.
- indicates source or cause; from, because of
- Jestem mokry od deszczu ― I'm wet from the rain.
- indicates intended use or purpose; for
- Czy widzisz przez dziurkę od klucza? ― Can you see through the keyhole? (literally, “Can you see through the hole for the key?”)
- Zamknąłeś okno od samochodu? ― Did you shut the car window?
- indicates specialization
- used in comparisons; than
- (Middle Polish) used to indicate the author of a letter or work; from, by
- (Middle Polish) used in passive constructions; by
- (Middle Polish) indicates material; from
- Synonym: z
Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), od is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 477 times in scientific texts, 319 times in news, 310 times in essays, 371 times in fiction, and 303 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1780 times, making it the 23rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- od in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- od in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “od”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “OD”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2010 May 24
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “od”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “od”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “od”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 564
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti. See od-, ot-, o, oda-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]ȍd (Cyrillic spelling о̏д)
- from, since [with genitive]
- od Zagreba do Beograda ― from Zagreb to Belgrade
- od jutra do mraka ― from dusk until dawn
- od 5 do 10 sati ― from 5 to 10 o'clock
- od danas ― from today on
- od sad(a) ― from now on
- od tad(a) ― since then
- od kraja zime ― from the end of winter
- of [with genitive]
- selo od tri kuće ― a village of three houses
- jedan od njih ― one of them
- čovjek od (svoje) r(ij)eči. ― a man of his word
- Hvala! To je bilo jako l(ij)epo od tebe! ― Thank you! That was very nice of you!
- (comparison) (+ genitive case) than
- Avioni su brži od helikoptera. ― Airplanes are faster than helicopters.
- Stariji je od svoje sestre. ― He is older than his sister.
- made of, made out of, made from [with genitive]
- stolica od drveta ― a chair made of wood
- Plastika se proizvodi od nafte. ― Plastic is made from oil.
- U slamovima, ljudi često žive u kućama napravljenim od otpadnog metala. ― In slums, people often live in houses made out of scrap metal.
- (proscribed, passive voice) (+ genitive case) by (usually followed by strane ("side/party") denoting the party which is doing the action; active form is preferred in formal language)
- Bomba je bila pronađena od (strane) policije. ― The bomb was found by the police.
- because of, from, with (denoting a direct or indirect cause) [with genitive]
- Umrla je od raka kože. ― She died of skin cancer.
- Umrla je od alkoholizma. ― She died from alcoholism.
- umr(ij)eti od dosade ― to die of boredom
- drhtati od straha ― to tremble with fear
- tresti se od hladnoće ― to shiver with cold
Slovak
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]od (+ genitive)
Further reading
[edit]- “od”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *otъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]od
- from, away from [with genitive]
- since or starting from (place or time) [with genitive]
- originating from, having origin in [with genitive]
- of, belonging to, part of [with genitive]
- (with genitive, in comparisons) than
- of, from, because of, due to [with genitive]
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish اود (od), اوت (ot), from Old Anatolian Turkish اود (od), from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).
Noun
[edit]od (definite accusative odu, plural odlar)
Declension
[edit]Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | od | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | odu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | od | odlar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | odu | odları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | oda | odlara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | odda | odlarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | oddan | odlardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | odun | odların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Related terms
[edit]Volapük
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]od
Declension
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English odde.
Adjective
[edit]od (feminine singular od, plural od, equative oded, comparative odach, superlative odaf)
Usage notes
[edit]Unusually for a monosyllabic word ending in a monophthong and single d, the current spelling of this word does not require the grave accent to indicate that the vowel is short. Likewise, there is a circumflex in the word ôd to show that its vowel is long. Compare this to regular spellings such as mwd and mẁd or nod and nòd. This phenomenon of not requiring a grave accent where one may expect it is more common in well-established grammatical words such as od below. See also os, nid or nag for similar cases.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]od
Mutation
[edit]Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
od | unchanged | unchanged | hod |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɒd
- Rhymes:English/ɒd/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English terms with archaic senses
- Regional English
- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English coinages
- Rhymes:English/əʊd
- Rhymes:English/əʊd/1 syllable
- Rhymes:English/ɔd
- Rhymes:English/ɔd/1 syllable
- en:Pseudoscience
- English terms with historical senses
- English heteronyms
- English two-letter words
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from the Proto-Turkic root *ōt
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani terms with audio links
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- az:Fire
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Czech 1-syllable words
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech terms with audio links
- Czech lemmas
- Czech prepositions
- Czech terms with usage examples
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Ido terms borrowed from English
- Ido terms derived from English
- Ido terms borrowed from French
- Ido terms derived from French
- Ido terms borrowed from Italian
- Ido terms derived from Italian
- Ido terms borrowed from Spanish
- Ido terms derived from Spanish
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido conjunctions
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian lemmas
- Italian conjunctions
- Italian terms with voicing of Latin /-p t k-/
- Latvian non-lemma forms
- Latvian verb forms
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adjectives
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weh₂t-
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk adjectives
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French prepositions
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish prepositions
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔt
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔt/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish prepositions
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Middle Polish
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian prepositions
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian proscribed terms
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovak 1-syllable words
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak prepositions
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene prepositions
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish nouns
- Turkish terms with archaic senses
- Turkish dialectal terms
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük pronouns
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh terms borrowed from Middle English
- Welsh terms derived from Middle English
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh adjectives
- Welsh conjunctions
- Welsh literary terms