frieren
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German vrieren, vriesen, from Old High German friosan, from Proto-West Germanic *freusan, from Proto-Germanic *freusaną, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. The -r- was generalised from the Middle High German past forms (as in verlieren). Cognate with German Low German freren, fresen, Dutch vriezen, English freeze, Danish fryse.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]frieren (class 2 strong, third-person singular present friert, past tense fror, past participle gefroren, past subjunctive fröre, auxiliary haben or sein)
- (intransitive, of living beings or body parts) to be cold, feel cold [auxiliary haben] (unlike English freeze neither informal nor expressing extreme cold.)
- Synonym: kalt sein (impersonal with dative)
- Frierst du? ― Are you cold?
- Meine Hände frieren. ― My hands are cold.
- (dated or southern, transitive, of body parts, or impersonal of living beings) to be cold, feel cold [auxiliary haben]
- Friert es dich? ― Are you cold?
- Die Hände frieren mich. ― My hands are cold.
- (intransitive, impersonal, of the weather) to freeze, be freezing, be below 0 degrees celsius [auxiliary haben]
- Heute Nacht soll es frieren. ― It’s going to freeze tonight.
- (intransitive, of liquid or viscous substances, rare) Synonym of gefrieren (“to freeze, become hard through cold”) [auxiliary sein]
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | frieren | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | frierend | ||||
past participle | gefroren | ||||
auxiliary | haben or sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich friere | wir frieren | i | ich friere | wir frieren |
du frierst | ihr friert | du frierest | ihr frieret | ||
er friert | sie frieren | er friere | sie frieren | ||
preterite | ich fror | wir froren | ii | ich fröre1 | wir frören1 |
du frorst | ihr frort | du frörest1 du frörst1 |
ihr fröret1 ihr frört1 | ||
er fror | sie froren | er fröre1 | sie frören1 | ||
imperative | frier (du) friere (du) |
friert (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “frieren” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “frieren” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “frieren” in Duden online
- “frieren” in OpenThesaurus.de
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “frieren”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Spanish
[edit]Verb
[edit]frieren
Categories:
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:German/iːʁən
- Rhymes:German/iːʁən/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 2 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German verbs using sein as auxiliary
- German verbs using haben and sein as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German dated terms
- German transitive verbs
- German impersonal verbs
- German terms with rare senses
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms