Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sekyra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *sěkỳra

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Cognate with Latin secūris (“axe”) and Ancient Greek σάγαρις (ságaris, “single-edged battle axe used by Scythians”). Probably not related to Akkadian 𒅆𒆕 (/⁠šukurru⁠/, “metal wedge, spear, axe”) which can have various other relations like to the frequent root related to locking, blocking (Arabic شَجَرَ (šajara, “to tie up, to keep off”) and loanwords سُكَّار (sukkār) and سَاجُور (sājūr)).

Noun

*sekyra f

1. axe

Declension

Declension of *sekyra (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sekyra	*sekyrě	*sekyry
genitive	*sekyry	*sekyru	*sekyrъ
dative	*sekyrě	*sekyrama	*sekyramъ
accusative	*sekyrǫ	*sekyrě	*sekyry
instrumental	*sekyrojǫ, *sekyrǫ**	*sekyrama	*sekyrami
locative	*sekyrě	*sekyru	*sekyrasъ, *sekyraxъ*
vocative	*sekyro	*sekyrě	*sekyry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

See also

• *sěťi (“to cut, mow”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: секꙑра (sekyra), сокꙑра (sokyra), сѣкꙑра (sěkyra)
    • Old Ruthenian: соки́ра (sokíra), секи́ра (sekíra)
      • Old Belarusian: саки́ра (sakíra)
        • Belarusian: сякі́ра (sjakíra), сокі́ра (sokíra), сако́ра (sakóra)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: сокы́ра (sokŷ́ra)
      • Ukrainian: соки́ра (sokýra)
    • Middle Russian: секи́ра (sekíra), соки́ра (sokíra)
      • Russian: секи́ра (sekíra)
  • Old Novgorodian: секꙑра (sekyra)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⰵⰽⱏⰺⱃⰰ (sekyra), ⱄⱑⰽⱏⰺⱃⰰ (sěkyra)

    Old Cyrillic script: секꙑра (sekyra), сѣкꙑра (sěkyra)

    • Bulgarian: секи́ра (sekíra)
    • Macedonian: секира (sekira)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: сѐкира, сјѐкира, сѝкира

    Latin script: sèkira, sjèkira, sìkira

  • Slovene: sekíra (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: sěkyra, sěkera
    • Czech: sekyra, sekera
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): sekyra
  • Kashubian: seczera
  • Polabian: seťaŕă
  • Old Polish: siekiera, siekira
    • Polish: siekiera
      • → Old Ruthenian: секе́ра (sekéra), соке́ра (sokéra)
        • Old Belarusian: саке́ра (sakéra)
          • Belarusian: сяке́ра (sjakjéra)
  • Slovak: sekera
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: sekera
    • Lower Sorbian: sekera

Further reading

• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “соки́ра”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 345
• Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982) “соки́ра”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 2 (Д – Ь), Ottawa: Ukrainian Mohylo-Mazepian Academy of Sciences; Ukrainian Language Association, →LCCN, page 1026
• Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2010), “сяке́ра”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 13 (су- – трапка́ч), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “секи́ра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• “skr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “sgr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• H5462 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible