風浪

See also: 风浪

Chinese

		wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner	wave; breaker; unrestrained wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated
trad. (風浪)		風	浪
simp. (风浪)		风	浪

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēnglàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄥ ㄌㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fung¹ long⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fûng-long
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hong-lōng / hoang-lōng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang¹ lang⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēnglàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄥ ㄌㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fonglàng
    • Wade–Giles: fêng¹-lang⁴
    • Yale: fēng-làng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenglanq
    • Palladius: фэнлан (fɛnlan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fung¹ long⁶
    • Yale: fūng lohng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fung¹ long⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fung¹ long⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fûng-long
    • Hakka Romanization System: fung^ˊ long
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fung¹ long⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ loŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-lōng
    • Tâi-lô: hong-lōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honglong
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ lɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ lɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² lɔŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoang-lōng
    • Tâi-lô: huang-lōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoanglong
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huaŋ³³ lɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang¹ lang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang lăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: pjuwng langH

Rime
Character	風	浪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	方戎切	來宕切
Baxter	pjuwng	langH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋ/	/lɑŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋ/	/lɑŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋ/	/lɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋ/	/laŋH/
Li Rong	/piuŋ/	/lɑŋH/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋ/	/lɑŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋ/	/lɑŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fēng	làng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung1	long6

Noun

風浪

1. (literally) stormy waves; storm
2. (figuratively) hardship

Synonyms

• (stormy waves):

Dialectal synonyms of 風浪 (“stormy waves”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		風浪
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	風浪
	Singapore	風浪
Cantonese	Hong Kong	風浪
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	風浪
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	風浪
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	風浪
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	風浪
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	風浪
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	風浪
Southern Min	Xiamen	風湧
	Quanzhou	風湧
	Jinjiang	風湧
	Zhangzhou	風湧
	Tainan	風湧
	Jieyang	風湧
	Leizhou	風湧
	Haikou	風湧

• (hardship):

edit

• 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
• 患難／患难 (huànnàn)
• 憂患／忧患 (yōuhuàn)
• 磨難／磨难 (mónàn)
• 魔障 (mózhàng) (figurative)