तीर

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /t̪iːɾ/
• Rhymes: -iːɾ

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)

1. shore
2. bank
3. margin
4. brink
5. edge

Declension

Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	तीर tīr	तीर tīr
oblique	तीर tīr	तीरों tīrõ
vocative	तीर tīr	तीरो tīro

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Proper noun

तीर • (tīr) f (Urdu spelling تیر)

1. Tir (fourth solar month of the Persian calendar)
2. Mercury (planet)

Declension

Declension of तीर (sg-only fem cons-stem)

	singular
direct	तीर tīr
oblique	तीर tīr
vocative	तीर tīr

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr), from Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲𐭩𐭠 (ḥtyʾ) / HTYA / tgl (tigr, tīr, “arrow”). Compare Bengali তীর (tir), Gujarati તીર (tīr), Marathi तीर (tīr), Nepali तीर (tīra), Punjabi ਤੀਰ (tīr), Marwari तीर (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) m (Urdu spelling تیر)

1. arrow

   Synonym: बाण (bāṇ)

2. beam
3. pole

Declension

Declension of तीर (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	तीर tīr	तीर tīr
oblique	तीर tīr	तीरों tīrõ
vocative	तीर tīr	तीरो tīro

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīr) ?

1. arrow

Marwari

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर (tīr) ?

1. shore
2. bank

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर (tīr) ?

1. arrow

References

• Bhanwar, Lal Suthar, Gahlot, Sukhveer Singh (1998) राजस्थानी-हिन्दी-अंग्रेजी कोश [rājasthānī-hindī-aṅgrejī koś, Rajasthani-Hindi-English Dictionary] (in Hindi), Jodhpur: Bharat Printers (Press), page 155

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t̪iɾʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: तिर्

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit तीर (tīra).

Noun

तीर • (tīra)

1. bank; edge of a river

   Synonym: किनार (kinār)

2. shore, beach

   Synonym: तट (taṭ)

Declension

Declension of तीर
	Singular	Plural
nominative	तीर [t̪ir]	तीरहरू [t̪irɦʌɾu]
accusative	तीरलाई [t̪irläi]	तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
instrumental/ergative	तीरले [t̪irle]	तीरहरूले [t̪irɦʌɾule]
dative	तीरलाई [t̪irläi]	तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
ablative	तीरबाट [t̪irbäʈʌ]	तीरहरूबाट [t̪irɦʌɾubäʈʌ]
genitive	तीरको [t̪irko]	तीरहरूको [t̪irɦʌɾuko]
locative	तीरमा [t̪irmä]	तीरहरूमा [t̪irɦʌɾumä]
Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Etymology 2

From Classical Persian تیر (tīr).

Noun

तीर • (tīra)

1. arrow

   Synonyms: बाण (bāṇ), काँड (kā̃ḍ)

Declension

Declension of तीर
	Singular	Plural
nominative	तीर [t̪ir]	तीरहरू [t̪irɦʌɾu]
accusative	तीरलाई [t̪irläi]	तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
instrumental/ergative	तीरले [t̪irle]	तीरहरूले [t̪irɦʌɾule]
dative	तीरलाई [t̪irläi]	तीरहरूलाई [t̪irɦʌɾuläi]
ablative	तीरबाट [t̪irbäʈʌ]	तीरहरूबाट [t̪irɦʌɾubäʈʌ]
genitive	तीरको [t̪irko]	तीरहरूको [t̪irɦʌɾuko]
locative	तीरमा [t̪irmä]	तीरहरूमा [t̪irɦʌɾumä]
Notes: -को (-ko) becomes: -का (-kā) when followed by a plural noun. -की (-kī) when followed by a feminine noun.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• tīra (Latin script)
• 𑀢𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• তীর (Bengali script)
• තීර (Sinhalese script)
• တီရ or တဳရ (Burmese script)
• ตีร or ตีระ (Thai script)
• ᨲᩦᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ຕີຣ or ຕີຣະ (Lao script)
• តីរ (Khmer script)
• 𑄖𑄩𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

तीर n

1. Devanagari script form of tīra (“shore”)

Declension

Declension table of "तीर" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	तीरं (tīraṃ)	तीरानि (tīrāni)
Accusative (second)	तीरं (tīraṃ)	तीरानि (tīrāni)
Instrumental (third)	तीरेन (tīrena)	तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi)
Dative (fourth)	तीरस्स (tīrassa) or तीराय (tīrāya) or तीरत्थं (tīratthaṃ)	तीरानं (tīrānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	तीरस्मा (tīrasmā) or तीरम्हा (tīramhā) or तीरा (tīrā)	तीरेहि (tīrehi) or तीरेभि (tīrebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	तीरस्स (tīrassa)	तीरानं (tīrānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	तीरस्मिं (tīrasmiṃ) or तीरम्हि (tīramhi) or तीरे (tīre)	तीरेसु (tīresu)
Vocative (calling)	तीर (tīra)	तीरानि (tīrāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• তীৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬢᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
• তীর (Bengali script)
• 𑰝𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀢𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• တီရ (Burmese script)
• તીર (Gujarati script)
• ਤੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌤𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦠꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂞𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ತೀರ (Kannada script)
• តីរ (Khmer script)
• ຕີຣ (Lao script)
• തീര (Malayalam script)
• ᢠᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘝𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢐᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦽𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐟𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
• ତୀର (Odia script)
• ꢡꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆠𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖝𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
• තීර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩫𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚙𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
• தீர (Tamil script)
• తీర (Telugu script)
• ตีร (Thai script)
• ཏཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒞𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨙𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /tiː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈt̪iː.ɾɐ/

Etymology 1

Mayrhofer takes the word as a lengthened grade derivative of the root तॄ (tṝ, “to pass”).

An older theory by Ferdinand Kittel considers the word as "purely Dravidian"; compare Malayalam തീരം (tīraṁ). Kittel was not a linguist, and the Malayalam word has the shape of a Sanskritic borrowing, which, when coupled with Mayrhofer's Indo-European derivation, makes the theory unconvincing.

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n

1. beach, shore
2. bank of a water body
3. the brim of a vessel

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of तीर (tīra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तीरम् tīram	तीरे tīre	तीराणि / तीरा¹ tīrāṇi / tīrā¹
Vocative	तीर tīra	तीरे tīre	तीराणि / तीरा¹ tīrāṇi / tīrā¹
Accusative	तीरम् tīram	तीरे tīre	तीराणि / तीरा¹ tīrāṇi / tīrā¹
Instrumental	तीरेण tīreṇa	तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām	तीरैः / तीरेभिः¹ tīraiḥ / tīrebhiḥ¹
Dative	तीराय tīrāya	तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām	तीरेभ्यः tīrebhyaḥ
Ablative	तीरात् tīrāt	तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām	तीरेभ्यः tīrebhyaḥ
Genitive	तीरस्य tīrasya	तीरयोः tīrayoḥ	तीराणाम् tīrāṇām
Locative	तीरे tīre	तीरयोः tīrayoḥ	तीरेषु tīreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Marwari: तीर (tīr)
• Bengali: তীর (tir)
• Telugu: తీరము (tīramu) / తీరం (tīraṁ)

Etymology 2

Probably a clipping of कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, m

1. tin

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of तीर (tīra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	तीरः tīraḥ	तीरौ / तीरा¹ tīrau / tīrā¹	तीराः / तीरासः¹ tīrāḥ / tīrāsaḥ¹
Vocative	तीर tīra	तीरौ / तीरा¹ tīrau / tīrā¹	तीराः / तीरासः¹ tīrāḥ / tīrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	तीरम् tīram	तीरौ / तीरा¹ tīrau / tīrā¹	तीरान् tīrān
Instrumental	तीरेण tīreṇa	तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām	तीरैः / तीरेभिः¹ tīraiḥ / tīrebhiḥ¹
Dative	तीराय tīrāya	तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām	तीरेभ्यः tīrebhyaḥ
Ablative	तीरात् tīrāt	तीराभ्याम् tīrābhyām	तीरेभ्यः tīrebhyaḥ
Genitive	तीरस्य tīrasya	तीरयोः tīrayoḥ	तीराणाम् tīrāṇām
Locative	तीरे tīre	तीरयोः tīrayoḥ	तीरेषु tīreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

तीर • (tīra) stem, n

1. a kind of arrow

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “तीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 449/1.