von

See also: vón, vốn, Vón, vȯņ, vōn, вон, and вонь

Friulian

Etymology

Probably ultimately from a derivative of Latin avus, or a related term, possibly a diminutive. Compare Italian avo, avolo. Cf. also archaic Romanian bun (“grandfather”) (modern bunic), Calabrian Sicilian and Piedmontese bona (“grandmother”).

Noun

von m (plural vons)

1. grandfather

   Synonym: nono

Related terms

• ave
• basavon

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German

Etymology

From Middle High German von (“from”), from Old High German fon, fona (“from”), from Proto-Germanic *afanē, *fanē, *funē (“from”), compound of *afa (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“from, off”)) + *ana (from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on”)). Cognate with Old Saxon fana, fan (“from”), Dutch van (“from; of”), Old Frisian fon (“from”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɔn/, [fɔn]

• audio:

  (file)

Preposition

von (+ dative)

1. from

   Ich fahre von Köln nach Hamburg.

   I'm travelling from Cologne to Hamburg.

   Ich hab’s von meiner Schwester gehört.

   I heard it from my sister.

2. of, belonging to (often replacing genitive; see usage note below)

   das Auto von meinem Vater ― my father’s car / the car of my father

3. by (with passive voice)

   Synonym: durch

   Das Hotel wird von der Firma bezahlt.

   The hotel is paid for by the company.

4. about, of (a topic)

   Er hat von seiner Jugend erzählt.

   He told about his youth.

   • 1796, Abraham Sahlstedt, Schwedische Grammatik nach dem Sprachgebrauch unserer Zeiten, Lübeck & Leipzig, page 259:

     Von dem Nomine Substantivo, oder dem Hauptworte.

     About the substantive noun, or the [alternative term]. (headline)

5. on, with (a resource)

   Von welchem Geld soll ich als Arbeitsloser in Urlaub fahren?

   Being unemployed, on what money should I go on holidays?

   Man kann nicht nur von Luft und Liebe leben.

   You can’t live on air and love alone. (proverb)

Usage notes

• (from): English “from” is generally expressed by means of von, but aus is often used with words for settlements and territories (like Land, Stadt, Dorf, as well as geographical names). One uses von when both the places “from which” and “to which” are given: Dieser Zug fährt von Köln nach Hamburg. – “This train goes from Cologne to Hamburg.” If the further direction is not given, aus is the normal choice: Dieser Zug kommt aus Köln. – “This train is coming from Cologne.” The phrase: Dieser Zug kommt von Köln is not wrong but has a colloquial ring to it.
• (of): The preposition von is used to replace possessive and partitive genitives, sometimes also genitives with prepositions. Such replacement can be obligatory, optional, or restricted to the colloquial register:

It is obligatory if the genitive cannot be expressed grammatically, which is the case with common nouns not preceded by any declinable articles, determiners, or adjectives: die Rechte von Kindern (“children’s rights”); der Geschmack von Käse (“the taste of cheese”). It is also true of most singular pronouns and all personal pronouns: der Geschmack von diesem (“the taste of this”); ein Freund von mir (“a friend of mine”).

The replacement is optional in cases such as the following: 1.) with those pronouns that do have an applicable genitive form, chiefly plurals: die Arbeit vieler = die Arbeit von vielen (“the work of many”); 2.) with the numeral genitives zweier and dreier (see lemmas); 3.) with proper nouns, particularly geographical names: die Kirchen Roms = die Kirchen von Rom (“the churches of Rome”); 4.) with common nouns preceded only by an adjective: die Rechte kleiner Kinder = die Rechte von kleinen Kindern (“small children’s rights”).

The replacement is colloquial in most other cases. Any possessive or partitive genitive can, per se, be replaced with a von-phrase, which is normal in speech, and virtually obligatory in colloquial speech. In formal writing, however, it is generally considered incorrect and unusual. This is one of the gravest grammatical differences between colloquial and literary German.

• In older usage, Latin nouns often occurred in the ablative case after von. This is now obsolete, Latin case inflections never being used in contemporary German (except the genitives of a few personal names).

Derived terms

• vom

See also

• -s

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvon]
• Hyphenation: von
• Rhymes: -on

Etymology 1

Of unknown origin.

Verb

von

2. (transitive) to pull, draw, attract

   Synonym: húz

   felvonta a vitorlát ― he hoisted the sails (literally, “he pulled/drew up the sails”)

   félrevonta a barátját ― she drew/pulled her friend aside

   magához vonta a lányt ― he drew/pulled her closer to himself

   magára vonta a tanára figyelmét ― he drew/attracted his teacher’s attention

3. (transitive) to cover, envelop, enclose, encircle, surround

   Synonyms: fed, befed, beborít

   csokoládéval vonta be a felszínét ― she covered its surface with chocolate

   élőláncot vontak az épület köré ― they formed a human chain around the building (literally, “they enclosed the building with…”)

   a varázsló pajzsot vont maga köré ― the wizard surrounded himself with a shield

Conjugation

conjugation of von

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	vonok	vonsz	von	vonunk	vontok	vonnak
		Def.	vonom	vonod	vonja	vonjuk	vonjátok	vonják
		2nd-p. o.	vonlak	―
	Past	Indef.	vontam	vontál	vont	vontunk	vontatok	vontak
		Def.	vontam	vontad	vonta	vontuk	vontátok	vonták
		2nd-p. o.	vontalak	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. vonni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	vonék	vonál	vona	vonánk	vonátok	vonának
		Def.	vonám	vonád	voná	vonánk	vonátok	vonák
		2nd-p. o.	vonálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. von vala, vont vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	vonandok	vonandasz	vonand	vonandunk	vonandotok	vonandanak
		Def.	vonandom	vonandod	vonandja	vonandjuk	vonandjátok	vonandják
		2nd-p. o.	vonandalak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	vonnék	vonnál	vonna	vonnánk	vonnátok	vonnának
		Def.	vonnám	vonnád	vonná	vonnánk (or vonnók)	vonnátok	vonnák
		2nd-p. o.	vonnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vont volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	vonjak	vonj or vonjál	vonjon	vonjunk	vonjatok	vonjanak
		Def.	vonjam	vond or vonjad	vonja	vonjuk	vonjátok	vonják
		2nd-p. o.	vonjalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vont légyen
Infinitive	vonni		vonnom	vonnod	vonnia	vonnunk	vonnotok	vonniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	vonás		vonó	vont	vonandó	vonva (vonván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

potential conjugation of von

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	vonhatok	vonhatsz	vonhat	vonhatunk	vonhattok	vonhatnak
		Def.	vonhatom	vonhatod	vonhatja	vonhatjuk	vonhatjátok	vonhatják
		2nd-p. o.	vonhatlak	―
	Past	Indef.	vonhattam	vonhattál	vonhatott	vonhattunk	vonhattatok	vonhattak
		Def.	vonhattam	vonhattad	vonhatta	vonhattuk	vonhattátok	vonhatták
		2nd-p. o.	vonhattalak	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	vonhaték	vonhatál	vonhata	vonhatánk	vonhatátok	vonhatának
		Def.	vonhatám	vonhatád	vonhatá	vonhatánk	vonhatátok	vonhaták
		2nd-p. o.	vonhatálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. vonhat vala, vonhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	vonhatandok or vonandhatok	vonhatandasz or vonandhatsz	vonhatand or vonandhat	vonhatandunk or vonandhatunk	vonhatandotok or vonandhattok	vonhatandanak or vonandhatnak
		Def.	vonhatandom or vonandhatom	vonhatandod or vonandhatod	vonhatandja or vonandhatja	vonhatandjuk or vonandhatjuk	vonhatandjátok or vonandhatjátok	vonhatandják or vonandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	vonhatandalak or vonandhatlak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	vonhatnék	vonhatnál	vonhatna	vonhatnánk	vonhatnátok	vonhatnának
		Def.	vonhatnám	vonhatnád	vonhatná	vonhatnánk (or vonhatnók)	vonhatnátok	vonhatnák
		2nd-p. o.	vonhatnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. vonhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	vonhassak	vonhass or vonhassál	vonhasson	vonhassunk	vonhassatok	vonhassanak
		Def.	vonhassam	vonhasd or vonhassad	vonhassa	vonhassuk	vonhassátok	vonhassák
		2nd-p. o.	vonhassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. vonhatott légyen
Inf.	(vonhatni)		(vonhatnom)	(vonhatnod)	(vonhatnia)	(vonhatnunk)	(vonhatnotok)	(vonhatniuk)
Positive adjective			vonható	Neg. adj.	vonhatatlan	Adv. part.	(vonhatva / vonhatván)

Usage notes

Many terms formed with von are rendered in English with -tract, e.g. elvon (“to abstract”), összevon (“to contract”), levon (“to detract”), elvon (“to distract”), kivon (“to extract, subtract”), and visszavon (“to retract”).

Derived terms

• vonaglik
• vonakodik
• vonal
• vonat
• vonás
• vonít
• vonogat
• vonó
• vonszol
• vontat
• vonul
• vonz
• vonyít

 

(With verbal prefixes):

• bevon
• belevon
• elvon
• felvon
• félrevon
• fölvon
• kivon
• levon
• megvon
• összevon
• visszavon

(Expressions):

• felelősségre von
• gyököt von
• kérdőre von
• kétségbe von
• levonja a tanulságot
• maga után von
• magával von
• vállat von

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Korean 원 (won, also 圓 in hanja), from Sinitic 圓／圆 (yuán, “circle” > “round coin”).

Noun

von

2. won (currency)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	von	vonok
accusative	vont	vonokat
dative	vonnak	vonoknak
instrumental	vonnal	vonokkal
causal-final	vonért	vonokért
translative	vonná	vonokká
terminative	vonig	vonokig
essive-formal	vonként	vonokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	vonban	vonokban
superessive	vonon	vonokon
adessive	vonnál	vonoknál
illative	vonba	vonokba
sublative	vonra	vonokra
allative	vonhoz	vonokhoz
elative	vonból	vonokból
delative	vonról	vonokról
ablative	vontól	vonoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	voné	vonoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	vonéi	vonokéi

Possessive forms of von
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	vonom	vonjaim
2nd person sing.	vonod	vonjaid
3rd person sing.	vonja	vonjai
1st person plural	vonunk	vonjaink
2nd person plural	vonotok	vonjaitok
3rd person plural	vonjuk	vonjaik

Further reading

• von in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse ván, from Proto-Germanic *wēniz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɔːn/
• Rhymes: -ɔːn

Noun

von f (genitive singular vonar, nominative plural vonir)

1. hope, expectation

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ván, vón, ón, from Proto-Germanic *wēniz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋuːn/

Noun

von f (definite singular vona, indefinite plural voner, definite plural vonene)

1. hope
2. expectation
3. likelyhood, eventuality
4. something that is showing promise
5. (fishing) a place where one hopes to make a good catch

Synonyms

• (hope): håp

Etymology 2

From the Old Norse preposition án (“without”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋuːn/

Adjective

von (singular and plural von)

1. (rare) which one can make do without

Etymology 3

From German von. Doublet of van. The noun is derived from the preposition.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fɔnː/

Preposition

von

1. Used in German surnames.

   Synonyms: av, de, di, of, van

Noun

von m (definite singular vonen, indefinite plural vonar, definite plural vonane)

1. (rare) a person with the preposition von in their name

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

1. imperative of vone

References

• “von” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Romani

Pronoun

von

1. they

See also

Romani personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental	Possessive
Singular	First	—	me	man	manqe	manθe	manθar	mança	miro, -i, -e
	Second	—	tu	tut	tuqe	tuθe	tuθar	tuça	tiro, -i, -e
	Reflexive third	—	—	pes	pesqe	pesθe	pesθar	peça	pesqero, -i, -e
	Third	Masculine	ov	les	lesqe	lesθe	lesθar	leça	lesqero, -i, -e
		Feminine	oj	la	laqe	laθe	laθar	laça	laqero, -i, -e
Plural	First	—	amen		amenqe	amenθe	amenθar	amença	amaro, -i, -e
	Second	—	tumen		tumenqe	tumenθe	tumenθar	tumença	tumaro, -i, -e
	Reflexive third	—	—	pen	penqe	penθe	penθar	pença	penqero, -i, -e
	Third	—	on	len	lenqe	lenθe	lenθar	lença	lenqero, -i, -e

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Kalderash Romani personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Accusative (long and short forms)	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental	Possessive
Singular	First	—	me	man, ma	mánge	mánde	mándar	mánsa	múrro m, múrri f, múrre pl
	Second	—	tu	tut, tu	túke	túte	tútar	túsa	tíro m, tíri f, tíre pl
	Reflexive third	—	—	pês, pe	pêske	pêste	pêstar	pêsa	pêsko m, pêski f, pêske pl
	Third	Masculine	wo	lês, le	lêske	lêste	lêstar	lêsa	lêsko m, lêski f, lêske pl
		Feminine	woi	la, la	láke	láte	látar	lása	láko m, láki f, láke pl
Plural	First	—	ame	amên, ame	amênge	amênde	amêndar	amênsa	amáro m, amári f, amáre pl
	Second	—	tume	tumên, tume	tumênge	tumênde	tumêndar	tumênsa	tumáro m, tumári f, tumáre pl
	Reflexive third	—	—	pên, pe	pênge	pênde	pêndar	pênsa	pêngo m, pêngi f, pênge pl
	Third	—	won	lên, le	lênge	lênde	lêndar	lênsa	lêngo m, lêngi f, lênge pl

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Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vɔn]

Adverb

von

1. out, outwards

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Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from German von.

Preposition

von

1. of; only used in surnames of nobility

   Synonyms: af, de

   Carl von Linné

   Carl Linnaeus

Anagrams

• nov

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Westrobothnian

Pronunciation

• Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

Etymology 1

From .

Noun

1. Hope, expectation that something will happen, opportunity.

Etymology 2

Noun

1. A determined task, undertaking.
   1. A distance of a field or meadow, of which every worker takes on their share for harvesting
   2. The width of a scythe, or his part of the field, that a haymaker mows where he walks.
   3. As great a width of the field strip, as the sowing man sows in the direction he is going.
2. Synonym of .

References

• Rietz, Johan Ernst, “von”, “von”, in Svenskt dialektlexikon: ordbok öfver svenska allmogespråket [Swedish dialectal lexicon: a dictionary for the Swedish lects] (in Swedish), 1962 edition, Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, published 1862–1867, page 822, 840