pes

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pes"

English

Etymology

From Latin pēs (“foot”). Doublet of foot, pie (“Spanish unit of length”), and pous.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /peɪ̯s/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -eɪs
Homophone: pace

Noun

pes (plural pedes)

the foot of a human
the hoof of a quadruped
clubfoot or talipes
(music) a neume representing two notes ascending

Synonyms

(neume): podatus

Anagrams

EPS, EPs, ESP, Eps, PSE, SEP, SPE, Sep, Sep., eps, esp, esp., sep

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan pes, from Latin pēnsum.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpɛs]
IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈpəs]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈpes]
Audio: (file)

Noun

pes m (plural pesos)

weight, the heaviness of something, as caused by the downward force of gravity of its mass.
weight, a piece of metal or other materials known to weigh a definite amount, as the ones used on scales or sports

Derived terms

Related terms

pesar

References

“pes” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
“pes” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpes]

Noun

pes

plural of pe (“the letter P”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpes]

Verb

pes

(Balearic, Alghero) first-person singular present indicative of pesar

Cornish

Alternative forms

pys

Noun

pes f (singulative pesen)

(Revived Late Cornish) peas

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

pes

Wikipedia ^cs

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpɛs]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: pes
Rhymes: -ɛs

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech pes, from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Noun

pes m anim (female equivalent psice or fena, related adjective psí)

dog
male dog
Coordinate term: fena f
scoundrel, bad person

Declension

Declension of pes (hard masculine animate reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	pes	psi
genitive	psa	psů
dative	psovi, psu	psům
accusative	psa	psy
vocative	pse	psi
locative	psovi, psu	psech
instrumental	psem	psy

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

pes

genitive plural of peso

Alternative forms

pesos

Friulian

Alternative forms

peš (alternative spelling)

Etymology

From Latin piscem.

Noun

pes m (plural pes)

fish

Related terms

Indonesian

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:

pes

Wikipedia ^id

Etymology

From Dutch pest, from Middle French peste (whence French peste), ultimately from Latin pestis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈpɛs]
Hyphenation: pès

Noun

pes or pès

pest, plague.
Synonym: sampar

Latin

Latin Wikipedia has an article on:

pes

Wikipedia ^la

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *pets, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (compare Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) and Old English fōt, whence English foot).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /peːs/, [peːs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /pes/, [pɛs]

Noun

pēs m (genitive pedis); third declension

a foot, in its senses as
1. (anatomy) a human foot
  … ne manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra …
  … not the hands, not the feet, and not the other limbs …
  - 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.518:
    [...] ūnum exūta pedem vinclīs, in veste recīncta, [...].
    [... Dido’s] one foot having cast off its sandal-straps, with her garment loosened, [...].
  - 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.395–397:
    Forte revertēbar fēstīs Vestālibus illa [...].
    hūc pede mātrōnam vīdī dēscendere nūdō.
    It so happened that I was returning from the festival of Vesta [...]. Here I saw a matron coming down barefoot.
    (Literally, in the ablative singular: “pede nūdō” or “with bare foot.” Roman matrons walked barefoot to honor Vesta (mythology) during the Vestalia.)
2. (zoology) any equivalent body part of an animal, including hooves, paws, etc.
3. (units of measure) any of various units of length notionally based on the adult human foot, especially (historical) the Roman foot.
4. (poetry) a metrical foot: the basic unit of metered poetry
  - 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.15–16:
    vāde, liber, verbīsque meīs loca grāta salūtā:
    contingam certē quō licet illa pede!
    Go, [my] book, and greet with my words [those] beloved places: at least I shall reach [them] with the ‘foot’ that is allowed!
    (The exiled poet puns that the metrical “feet” of his poem shall go where his own “feet” cannot.)
5. (geography) the base of a mountain
6. (furniture) the bottom of a leg of a table, chair, stool, etc.
(figuratively) a place to tread one's foot: territory, ground, soil
(nautical) a rope attached to a sail in order to set
(music) tempo, pace, time
(botany) the pedicel or stalk of a fruit

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	pēs	pedēs
Genitive	pedis	pedum
Dative	pedī	pedibus
Accusative	pedem	pedēs
Ablative	pede	pedibus
Vocative	pēs	pedēs

Hyponyms

(metrical foot): trochaeus; pes dissyllbus or disyllbus, pes bibrevis, choreus, jambus, spondeus, spondius, spondeos (2-syllable feet); pes trisyllabus, amphibrachus, amphibrachys, amphimacrus, dactylus, extensipes, molossus, pes anapaestus, pes antanapaestus, pes antibacchius, pes bacchius, pes creticus, pes hippius (3-syllable feet); pes tetrasyllbus, antispastus, chorjambus, dichoreus, dijambus, dispondeus, epitritus, paeon, proceleumaticus, proceleusmaticus (4-syllable feet); pes pentasyllbus, dochmius, mesobrachys, mesomacros, pariambodes, probrachys, pes amoebaeus, pes antamoebaeus, pes orthius (5-syllable feet)

Meronyms

(unit of length): decempeda (10 pedes)

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Balkan Romance:
- ⇒ Aromanian: pezã
- Romanian: piez ⇒ piază
Dalmatian:
- pi
Italo-Romance
- Corsican: pede
- Gallurese: pedi
- Italian: piede
  - → Esperanto: piedo
  - → Ladino: piede (regional)
- Neapolitan: pede
- Sassarese: pedi
- Sicilian: pedi, peri
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: pît
- Romansch: pe
Padanian:
- Istriot: peîe, pèie
- Gallo-Italic:
  - Ligurian: pê
  - Piedmontese: pe
  - Romagnol: pè, pid (Rimini, San Marino)
- Venetan: piè
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: pièd
- Norman: pid, pyid
- Old French: pié, pé (Anglo-Norman), *pied, *piet
  - Middle French: pied
    - French: pied
  - Walloon: pî
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: peu
- Old Occitan: pe
  - Occitan: pè
Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: pie
- Extremaduran: pie
- Leonese: pía
- Mirandese: pie
- Navarro-Aragonese: pie, pied
  - Aragonese: piet
- Old Galician-Portuguese: pee
  - Galician: pé
  - Portuguese: pé
- Old Spanish: pie
  - Ladino: pye
  - Spanish: pie
Sardinian:
- Campidanese: pei
- Logudorese: pe
- Nuorese: pede
Derived forms:
- ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pedicāre
  - Catalan: petjar
Borrowings:
- → English: pes
- → Ido: pedo
- → Interlingua: pede
→⇒ German: stante pede

References

"pes", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
"pes", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
pes in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
pes in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“pes”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“pes”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Lombard

Etymology

Akin to Italian peso, from Latin pensum.

Noun

pes

weight

Middle English

Noun

pes

Alternative form of pese

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Related to pesa (“have a heavy breath”), compare Swedish päsa.

Noun

pes m (definite singular pesen, uncountable)
pes n (definite singular peset, uncountable)

A heavy breath (e.g. after a long run)
stress, harry, rush
Synonym: hastverk

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈpɛs/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈpɛs/

Noun

pes m animal

(mammals) dog

Declension

Declension of pes (hard o-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	pes	psy	psi, psové
genitive	psa, psu	psú	psóv
dative	psu, psovi	psoma	psóm
accusative	pes, psa	psy	psy
vocative	pse	psy	psi, psové
locative	psě, psu, psovi	psú	psiech
instrumental	psem	psoma	psy

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Derived terms

Descendants

Czech: pes

Old French

Etymology

From Latin pax.

Noun

pes oblique singular, f (oblique plural pes, nominative singular pes, nominative plural pes)

Alternative form of pais (“peace”)
- c. 1250, Marie de France, Guigemar:
  Va t'en de ci ! Lai me aveir pes.
  Go, leave me! Let me have peace.

Romani

Alternative forms

pe

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [script needed] (appa),^[1] [script needed] (atta),^[1] from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).^[1]

Pronoun

pes

himself, herself (third-person singular reflexive pronoun)^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “pe(s)”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 215a

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pɛs/

Noun

pes m (Cyrillic spelling пес)

(Kajkavian, Croatia) dog
Synonym: pas

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpɛs/

Noun

pes m animal (genitive singular psa, nominative plural psi, psy, genitive plural psov)

dog

Declension

Declension of pes

	singular	plural
nominative	pes	psi, psy
genitive	psa	psov
dative	psovi	psom
accusative	psa	psov, psy
locative	psovi	psoch
instrumental	psom	psami

Derived terms

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pə́s/
(central Slovenia) IPA^(key): /pɛ́s/

Noun

pə̏s m anim (female equivalent psíca)

dog
Synonyms: kuža, bevskač, cucek, kuže, pesjak, pse, pseto, psina, renčač, kosmatinec

Imamo tri pse. ― We have three dogs.

Na sprehod grem s svojim psom. ― I'm going on a walk with my dog.
(zoology) any of the species in family Canidae
(zoology, in the plural) family Canidae
(zoology, uncountable) genus Canis
(figuratively, derogatory) a malicious person^[→SSKJ]
Synonyms: hudobnež, hudič, hudičevec, hudiman, hudimar, hudir, hudoba, hudobijan, hudobni, hudobnik, leviatan, mefisto, pasjeglavec, peklenšček, pesjan, pesjanar, peslajnar, pošast, pošastnik, psoglavec, satan, satanov služabnik, steklač, strupenec, strupenjak, škorpijon, vrag, zlobec, zlobnež, zlodej, zlodejevec, zlohotnež, zlomek, žlehtnoba

Antonyms: dobričina, angel, dobrosrčnež, dobričnež, dobričnik, duša, dušica, mehkosrčnež, milosrčnež, svetnik
(theater) unimportant role
Synonym: stranska vloga

Antonym: glavna vloga

Declension

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First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , short ending accent, fill vowel ə
nom. sing.	pə̏s
gen. sing.	psȁ
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	pə̏s	psȁ	psȉ
genitive rodȋlnik	psȁ	psȍv, psóv	psȍv, psóv
dative dajȃlnik	psȕ, psȉ	psȍma, psomȁ	psȍm
accusative tožȋlnik	psȁ	psȁ	psȅ
locative mẹ̑stnik	psȕ, psȉ	psȉh	psȉh
instrumental orọ̑dnik	psȍm	psȍma, psomȁ	psȉ
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	pə̏s	psȁ	psȉ

dialectal

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First masculine declension (hard o-stem, animate) , fixed accent, vowel is only written in nominative singular
nom. sing.	pə̏s
gen. sing.	psa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative imenovȃlnik	pə̏s	psa	psi
genitive rodȋlnik	psa	psov	psov
dative dajȃlnik	psu, psi	psoma, psama	psom, psam
accusative tožȋlnik	psa	psa	pse
locative mẹ̑stnik	psu, psi	psih, psah	psih, psah
instrumental orọ̑dnik	psom	psoma, psama	psi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	pə̏s	psa	psi

Derived terms

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpes/ [ˈpes]
Rhymes: -es
Syllabification: pes
Homophone: (Latin America) pez

Noun

pes f pl

plural of pe

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English face.

Noun

pes

(anatomy) face
- 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:19:
  Na bai yu wok hat tru long kisim kaikai bilong yu na tuhat bai i kamap long pes bilong yu. Na bai yu hatwok oltaim inap yu dai na yu go bek long graun. Long wanem, mi bin wokim yu long graun, na bai yu go bek gen long graun.”
  →New International Version translation
page

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology 1

From English face.

Noun

pes

face

Etymology 2

Noun

pes

(eastern dialect) a ripe coconut

Usage notes

Pes is the fifth stage of coconut growth. It is preceded by kopespes and followed by u.

Turkish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpes/
Hyphenation: pes

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بس (bes, “Enough! Hold!”, interj.),^[1]^[2] from Persian (bas, “enough”).

Interjection

Pes!

Used when accepting defeat; "I yield!" or "Uncle!"
Used when at a loss for words at someone's extraordinary behavior or action; "I don't even know what to say!", "This is too much!" or "This takes the cake!"
Yalanın bu kadarına da pes doğrusu! ― To be honest, I don't even know what to say about such a lie!

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پس (pes, “low and soft or bass voice or tone”),^[3]^[4] from Persian (past, “low, abject”).^[5]

Adjective

pes

(music) That which is sung softly and slowly; bass.

Alternative forms

pest

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish پس (pes, “the hinder part, back of a thing, pursuit after a thing”), from Persian (pas, “back, hind; then, so, therefore”).

Noun

pes (definite accusative pesi, plural pesler)

(obsolete) back, hind part

Adverb

pes

(obsolete) then, so, in that case
Synonyms: öyleyse, o hâlde, binaenaleyh
(obsolete) then, after, afterwards
Synonyms: sonra, müteakiben, nihayet
(obsolete) in summary, in short, in conclusion
Synonyms: hasılı, hasılıkelam, velhasıl
(obsolete) when, whenever, as soon as

References

^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 363
^ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 265
^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “پس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 447
^ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “پس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 322
^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “pes”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental	Possessive
Singular	First	—	me	man	manqe	manθe	manθar	mança	miro, -i, -e
	Second	—	tu	tut	tuqe	tuθe	tuθar	tuça	tiro, -i, -e
	Reflexive third	—	—	pes	pesqe	pesθe	pesθar	peça	pesqero, -i, -e
	Third	Masculine	ov	les	lesqe	lesθe	lesθar	leça	lesqero, -i, -e
	Third	Feminine	oj	la	laqe	laθe	laθar	laça	laqero, -i, -e
Plural	First	—	amen		amenqe	amenθe	amenθar	amença	amaro, -i, -e
	Second	—	tumen		tumenqe	tumenθe	tumenθar	tumença	tumaro, -i, -e
	Reflexive third	—	—	pen	penqe	penθe	penθar	pença	penqero, -i, -e
	Third	—	on	len	lenqe	lenθe	lenθar	lença	lenqero, -i, -e

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Accusative (long and short forms)	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental	Possessive
Singular	First	—	me	man, ma	mánge	mánde	mándar	mánsa	múrro m, múrri f, múrre pl
	Second	—	tu	tut, tu	túke	túte	tútar	túsa	tíro m, tíri f, tíre pl
	Reflexive third	—	—	pês, pe	pêske	pêste	pêstar	pêsa	pêsko m, pêski f, pêske pl
	Third	Masculine	wo	lês, le	lêske	lêste	lêstar	lêsa	lêsko m, lêski f, lêske pl
	Third	Feminine	woi	la, la	láke	láte	látar	lása	láko m, láki f, láke pl
Plural	First	—	ame	amên, ame	amênge	amênde	amêndar	amênsa	amáro m, amári f, amáre pl
	Second	—	tume	tumên, tume	tumênge	tumênde	tumêndar	tumênsa	tumáro m, tumári f, tumáre pl
	Reflexive third	—	—	pên, pe	pênge	pênde	pêndar	pênsa	pêngo m, pêngi f, pênge pl
	Third	—	won	lên, le	lênge	lênde	lêndar	lênsa	lêngo m, lêngi f, lênge pl

pes

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Anagrams

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Verb

Cornish

Alternative forms

Noun

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Noun

Alternative forms

Friulian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

Related terms

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Hyponyms

Meronyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

See also

References

Lombard

Etymology

Noun

Middle English

Noun

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Noun

Old Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Old French

Etymology

Noun

Romani

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

See also

References