ja
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Page categories
Translingual
editSymbol
editja
English
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Afrikaans ja (“yes”), from Dutch ja (“yes”). More at yea.
Alternative forms
editAdverb
editja (not comparable)
- (chiefly South Africa, informal) Yes.
- 1940, Penguin Parade (issue 7, page 25)
- Ja, he had been fooled and it was not pleasant for a man to go home and tell his wife that he been verneuked.
- 1940, Penguin Parade (issue 7, page 25)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom the Revised Romanization of Korean 자 (ja).
Alternative forms
editNoun
editja (plural jas or ja)
- (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.
Anagrams
editAfrikaans
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editja
Descendants
editAlemannic German
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Swedish ja.
Adverb
editja
References
edit- Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & Co., page 13.
Assan
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Yeniseian *axʷ (“I”). Compare Kott ai (“I”), Pumpokol ad (“I”), and Arin aj.
Pronoun
editja
- I (first-person singular subjective)
Synonyms
editRelated terms
editAtong (India)
editEtymology
editCognate with Garo ja (“moon, month”).
Noun
editja
References
edit- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Catalan
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editja
- already, (in negative sentences) any more
- now, immediately, at once
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “ja” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Central Melanau
edit< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ja | ||
Alternative forms
editNumeral
editja
Synonyms
editCimbrian
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-West Germanic *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, English yea.
Particle
editja
References
edit- “ja” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Cypriot Arabic
editRoot |
---|
j-y-y |
2 terms |
Etymology
editVerb
editReferences
edit- Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 192
Danish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editja
Antonyms
editRelated terms
editNoun
editja n (singular definite jaet, plural indefinite jaer)
Inflection
editDimasa
editNoun
editjá
Derived terms
editDutch
editAlternative forms
edit- (obsolete) jae
Etymology
editFrom Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editja
- yes
- Synonym: jep
- Antonyms: nee, neen
- Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag! ― Would you like to come with us? — Yes, I'd love to!
Derived terms
editNoun
editja m or n (plural ja's, diminutive jaatje n)
Interjection
editja
- yes!
- Synonym: yes
- "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel. ― Yes! he screamed loudly when they scored a goal.
- (Suriname, informal) A casual greeting acknowledging the presence of a person; hey, hi, what's up
- (Suriname, informal) Used as a request for someone to repeat something not heard or understood clearly; say again, what's that
Descendants
editEsperanto
editEtymology
editBorrowed from German ja. Compare Polish jo, Yiddish יאָ (yo), English yea. Related to jes.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editja
- emphatic particle; indeed, certainly, surely, after all
- 2015, Kalle Kniivilä, “Sopiro al Sovetio [Yearning for the Soviet Union]”, in Krimeo estas nia [Crimea is ours]:
- Sed la bona soveta tempo neniam revenos. Ĝi ja neniam ekzistis.
- But the good Soviet times will never return. After all, they never existed.
- (literally, “But the good Soviet time will never come again. It indeed never existed.”)
Usage notes
editThe word ja emphasizes the entire sentence or a specific word or phrase, stressing the reality of it. It is most often placed before or after the sentence's main verb, or before an adverb modifying the main verb. Otherwise, it is usually placed in front of a word or phrase that it emphasizes.
It is also commonly used for emphatic negation, combined with ne or a correlative starting in neni-, usually with ja placed in front of it.
Derived terms
edit- jes ja (“yes indeed”)
Related terms
editEstonian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ja, from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.
Conjunction
editja
Synonyms
editFaroese
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editja
Antonyms
editRelated terms
editNoun
editja n (genitive singular jas, plural ja)
Declension
editDeclension of ja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n3 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | ja | jaið | ja | jaini |
accusative | ja | jaið | ja | jaini |
dative | jai | jainum | jaum | jaunum |
genitive | jas | jasins | jaa | jaanna |
Finnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ja (compare Estonian ja, Ingrian ja, Livonian ja, Votic ja), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”) (compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh).[1]
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editja
- (coordinating) and
- Siellä oli poikia ja tyttöjä. ― There were boys and girls there.
- Menin kotiin ja aloin soittaa pianoa. ― I went home and started playing the piano.
- Iltapalaksi on leipää, juustoa, kinkkua, tomaattia ja maitoa. ― For supper we have bread, cheese, ham, tomato and milk.
- Mies juoksee ja juoksee. ― The man runs and runs.
- Ja sitten alkoi sataa. ― And then it started raining.
- Mene ja tiedä. ― Go figure. (literally, “Go and know.”)
- viisi ja puoli ― five and a half
- ensimmäisen ja viimeisen kerran ― for the first and the last time
Usage notes
edit- On the differences between ja and sekä:
- ja can be used more widely than sekä. As an example, sekä may not be used to join two independent clauses.
- Vaahdota voi sekä sokeri ja sekoita joukkoon kuivat aineet. ― Cream the butter and sugar, and mix in the dry ingredients.
- sekä has a nuance of the things being more separate than with ja. If both words are used, ja ties things closer together than sekä.
- mansikka- ja vadelmahillo sekä muut hedelmäsäilykkeet ― strawberry and raspberry jam as well as other fruit preserves
- In legal language, ja and sekä are distinguished more clearly. sekä is considered "stronger" than ja. For example, an attribute specified before a list will apply to every item with ja, but not with sekä.
- paineella tyhjennettävät ja täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure
- paineella tyhjennettävät sekä täytettävät säiliöt ― containers that can be filled and emptied under pressure
- ja can be used more widely than sekä. As an example, sekä may not be used to join two independent clauses.
Synonyms
edit- sekä (see the above usage notes)
Adverb
editja
Noun
editja
- AND (logic gate or connector)
Declension
editRarely inflected; if inflection is necessary, it is used as a first component in a compound, such as JA-portti ("AND gate").
Inflection of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ja | jat | |
genitive | jan | jaiden jaitten | |
partitive | jata | jaita | |
illative | jahan | jaihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ja | jat | |
accusative | nom. | ja | jat |
gen. | jan | ||
genitive | jan | jaiden jaitten | |
partitive | jata | jaita | |
inessive | jassa | jaissa | |
elative | jasta | jaista | |
illative | jahan | jaihin | |
adessive | jalla | jailla | |
ablative | jalta | jailta | |
allative | jalle | jaille | |
essive | jana | jaina | |
translative | jaksi | jaiksi | |
abessive | jatta | jaitta | |
instructive | — | jain | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
edit- “ja”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Franco-Provençal
editEtymology
editAdverb
editja (ORB, broad)
References
editGaro
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
editja
Synonyms
editGerman
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā (“yes”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”).
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): [jäː] (Standard, overall more common)
- IPA(key): [ʝäː] (standard, overall less common)
Audio: (file) Audio: (file) - IPA(key): [jɑː] (Austrian German)
- IPA(key): [jɒ~jɔ] (Austrian German, common in casual speech as an influence of the Austro-Bavarian language)
- Rhymes: -aː
- Homophone: Jahr (according to a widespread pronunciation of this word)
Adverb
editja
- yes; yea, yeah, aye
- Synonym: jawohl
- Willst du das? Ja. ― Do you want that? Yes.
- Aber ja! ― Yes, of course!
- (intensifier) obviously; certainly; of course; really; just; as you know; as is generally known (indicates and emphasises that one is expressing a known fact)
- Synonyms: doch, bekanntlich
- Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben. ― It obviously cannot always remain so.
- Der Peter war ja gestern krank. ― Peter was sick yesterday, as you know.
Usage notes
edit- (yes): Ja is used to indicate agreement with a positive statement. To contradict a negative statement (where English would use “yes”), doch is used instead.
- (obviously): Ja means roughly the same as English obviously or as you know, but given its shortness it is used much more frequently. In colloquial German, ja is used in most statements of facts already known to the one addressed.
Antonyms
editDerived terms
editInterjection
editja
Further reading
editGothic
editRomanization
editja
- Romanization of 𐌾𐌰
Guerrero Amuzgo
editAdjective
editja
Pronoun
editja
Gutnish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Norse ek. Compare Swedish jag.
Alternative forms
edit- jag (Fårö and Lau dialects)
Pronoun
editja
- I (first-person singular pronoun)
Inflection
editinflection of "ja" | |
---|---|
subject | ja |
object | mi |
possessive | min, mein, mitt, meine |
Etymology 2
editAdverb
editja
Usage notes
editUncertain or stalling answer; jo is used for yes-no questions
Related terms
editInterjection
editja
References
editHausa
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editjā (feminine jā, plural jājā̀yē)
Hungarian
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): [ˈjɒ], [ˈjɒː] (the long pronunciation is used in case of great surprise)
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -jɒ
Interjection
editja
- (informal) yep (indicates agreement, approval, or understanding)
- (informal) oh (indicates understanding something finally after a misunderstanding or confusion)
- Este nem jár a vonat. – Ja, hát akkor menjünk busszal!
- “No train is leaving in the evening.” “Oh, well then let's travel by bus!”
- Ezt nem is Miki küldte! – Ja, lehet, hogy én értettem félre.
- “This was not sent by Miki!” “Oh, then I must have misunderstood it.”
Further reading
edit- (yep, oh): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (indeed, actually, as a matter of fact): ja in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
editEtymology
editBorrowed from French déjà, Italian già, Spanish ya, from Latin iam, replacing Esperanto jam which is cognate. Decision no. 987, Progreso VI.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editja
- already
- Lu ja dormeskis.
- He/she has already fallen asleep.
Derived terms
edit- ne ja (“not yet; not even”)
Related terms
editReferences
editIngrian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ja. Cognates include Finnish ja and Estonian ja.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editja
- and
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 25:
- Kiko ja Miko jo uijuut.
- Kiko and Miko are already swimming.
Synonyms
editAdverb
editja
- also, too
- 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
- On meil hyvät mașinistat -
paravozat ollaa ja.- We have good engine drivers -
we have steam locomotives, too.
- We have good engine drivers -
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editUltimately from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *ja (compare Swedish ja and German ja). Cognates include Finnish jaa and Estonian jah, jaa.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editja
- yes
- 1936, V. I. Junus, N. A. Iljin, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 42:
- Onok se maa teil?
- Ja, ono.- Is that your land?
Yes, it is.
- Is that your land?
Synonyms
editAntonyms
editReferences
editJapanese
editRomanization
editja
Kashubian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editParticle
editja
Further reading
edit- Stanislow Frymark (2020) “ja”, in Kashubian Language in Canada, the USA and New Zealand; Lexical Interferences in Kashubian Language in Canada, the USA and New Zealand (in English and Kashubian), Zómk Zôbòrsczi, →ISBN
Latvian
editPronunciation
editConjunction
editja
Lithuanian
editPronoun
editja f
Lower Sorbian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronoun
editja sg
Declension
editLule Sami
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Conjunction
editja
Further reading
edit- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[3], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Maltese
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editParticle
editja
- vocative particle; oh!; you!
- Ja Mulejja! ― Oh my Lord!
- Ja iblah! ― You idiot!
- 1998, Anton Buttigieg, “Lill-Qamar”, in Żibeġ u Boċċi:
- Stagħnejt, ja Qamar,
dal-lejl bil-poeżija
tar-realtà.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
edit- While not obligatory even in standard Arabic, the vocative particle is predominantly omitted in Maltese. It does remain a common word, however, especially when equivalent to English “you”.
Mbati
editNoun
editja
References
edit- LePage, Sarah Gloria (2020) "The phonology of Mbati"[4], University of North Dakota
North Frisian
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editja
- (Sylt and Mooring) they
Synonyms
editNorthern Sami
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editja
Further reading
edit- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[5], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Northern Sotho
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Verb
editja
- to eat
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editja
Antonyms
editRelated terms
editInterjection
editja
Noun
editja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja or jaer, definite plural jaa or jaene)
References
edit- “ja” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology
editAdverb
editja
Antonyms
editRelated terms
editInterjection
editja
Noun
editja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja, definite plural jaa)
References
edit- “ja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editja
- already
- as soon as possible
- quickly
- (with "ne") never
References
edit- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (ja)
Old Polish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ. First attested in the 13th century.
Pronoun
editja
- first-person pronoun; I
Declension
editAlternative forms
editDescendants
editEtymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Interjection
editja
- (reduplicated) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- the name of some idol
References
edit- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ja”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ja”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Pennsylvania German
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editCompare German ja, Dutch ja, Swedish ja.
Interjection
editja
Pite Sami
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Conjunction
editja
Further reading
editPnar
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Khasian *ʤaː. Cognate with Khasi ja.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editja
Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish ja. Doublet of ego.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ja/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈjɒ/
Audio 1: (file) Audio 2: (file) Audio 3: (file) - Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: ja
Pronoun
editja
- first-person pronoun; I
- Ja chcę mieć przyjaciół. ― I want to have friends.
Usage notes
editThe mute forms mię and mi cannot be used in accented positions in the sentence. Mię is considered dated in standard Polish but can still be heard commonly in some dialects or in colloquial speech.
Declension
editDerived terms
editSee also
editTrivia
editAccording to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ja is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 16 times in scientific texts, 2 times in news, 84 times in essays, 892 times in fiction, and 2034 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3028 times, making it the 15th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
editFurther reading
edit- ja in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ja in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “ja”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “JA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2019 September 4
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “ja”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “ja”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “ja”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 119
Portuguese
editAdverb
editja (not comparable)
Russenorsk
editEtymology
editFrom Russian я (ja). May also be a Russianized form of Danish jeg or Swedish jag.
Pronoun
editja
- I (pronoun)
Synonyms
editReferences
edit- Ingvild Broch, Ernst H. Jahr (1984) Russenorsk: Et pidginspråk i Norge [Russenorsk: A pidgin language in Norway], 2 edition, Oslo: Novus Forlag
Rwanda-Rundi
editAlternative forms
edit- -jya (Rwanda)
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-gɪ̀a.
Verb
edit-ja (infinitive kuja, perfective -gīye)
- (Kirundi) to go to
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editjȃ (Cyrillic spelling ја̑)
- I
- Ja sam učio. ― I have studied.
Declension
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editjȁ (Cyrillic spelling ја̏)
- (colloquial, regional) yes, yeah
Etymology 3
editInterjection
editja
Silesian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editParticle
editja
Further reading
edit- ja in silling.org
Slovak
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editja
Usage notes
editDeclension
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- “ja”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Anagrams
editSlovene
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editParticle
editjā
Etymology 2
editPronoun
editja
Further reading
edit- “ja”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Sotho
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Verb
editja
- to eat
Spanish
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editja
- representation of laughter, ha
- Also used repeatedly: jaja, jajaja
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “ja”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-jìja. Compare Zulu -za.
Pronunciation
editVerb
edit-ja (infinitive kuja)
Conjugation
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
Derived terms
edit- Verbal derivations:
- Applicative: -jia
Swedish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation
edit- Interjection
- Noun
Adverb
editja (not comparable)
- yes
- (Can we date this quote?), traditional (lyrics and music), “I fjol så gick jag med herrarna i hagen [Last year I went with the men in the pasture]”, in Skillingtryck [Broadside ballads][7], performed by Hootenanny Singers:
- I fjol så gick jag med herrarna i hagen. Ja, ja, med herrarna i hagen. Ja, med herrarna i hagen. I år har jag något som sparkar i magen. Aj, aj, som sparkar i magen. Aj, som sparkar i magen.
- Last year I went with the men in the pasture. Yes, yes, with the men in the pasture. Yes, with the men in the pasture. This year I have something that kicks in my belly. Ow, ow, that kicks in my belly. Ow, that kicks in my belly.
Related terms
editNoun
editja n
Declension
editDeclension of ja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | ja | jaet | — | — |
Genitive | jas | jaets | — | — |
Etymology 2
editSee jag.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editja
References
edit- ja in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- ja in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- ja in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
editTswana
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editgo ja (past jelê)
- to eat
Re jele bogobe maabane - We ate bogobe yesterday.
Tz'utujil
editAlternative forms
editArticle
editja
Upper Sorbian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editja
Declension
editFirst person pronouns | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
Nominative | ja | mój | my | |||||
Genitive | mje (after preposition) mnje |
naju | nas | |||||
Dative | mi (after preposition) mni |
namaj | nam | |||||
Accusative | mje (after preposition) mnje |
naju | nas | |||||
Instrumental | mnu | namaj | nami | |||||
Locative | mni | nas | ||||||
Second person pronouns | ||||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
Nominative | ty | wój | wy | |||||
Genitive | će (after preposition) tebje |
waju | was | |||||
Dative | ći (after preposition) tebi |
wamaj | wam | |||||
Accusative | će (after preposition) tebje |
waju | was | |||||
Instrumental | tobu | wamaj | wami | |||||
Locative | tebi | was | ||||||
Third person pronouns | ||||||||
Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Neuter singular | Dual virile | Dual nonvirile | Plural virile | Plural nonvirile | ||
Nominative | wón | wona | wono | wonaj | wonej | woni | wone | |
Genitive | jeho (after preposition) njeho |
jeje (after preposition) njeje |
jeho (after preposition) njeho |
jeju | jich (after preposition) nich |
|||
Dative | jemu (after preposition) njemu |
jej (after preposition) njej |
jemu (after preposition) njemu |
jimaj (after preposition) nimaj |
jim (after preposition) nim | |||
Accusative | jón (after preposition) njón (animate) jeho (animate after preposition) njeho |
ju (after preposition) nju |
jo, je (after preposition) njo, nje |
jeju (after preposition) njeju |
jej (after preposition) njej |
jich (after preposition) nich |
je (after preposition) nje | |
Instrumental | nim | njej | nim | nimaj | nimi | |||
Locative | nich |
Further reading
edit- “ja” in Soblex
Votic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ja.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editja
References
edit- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ja”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
West Frisian
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editja
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “ja”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
West Makian
editPronunciation
editVerb
editja
- (intransitive) to cry
Conjugation
editConjugation of ja (action verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | taja | maja | aja | |
2nd person | naja | faja | ||
3rd person | inanimate | ija | daja | |
animate | ||||
imperative | naja, ja | faja, ja |
References
edit- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[8], Pacific linguistics
Ye'kwana
editALIV | ja |
---|---|
Brazilian standard | fa |
New Tribes | ja |
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Cariban *pa (“grandchild”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editja (obligatorily possessed; possessed jadü)
References
edit- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ja, jaadi”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[9], Lyon
- Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, pages 219, 289, 389: “ha:dü 'grandson' […] ----- -ha: -dü 'grandchild' […] ha:dü - grandchild”
- Hall, Katherine (2007) “hādɨ”, in Mary Ritchie Key & Bernard Comrie, editors, The Intercontinental Dictionary Series[10], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, published 2021
- Monterrey, Nalúa Rosa Silva (2012) Hombres de curiara y mujeres de conuco. Etnografía de los indigenas Ye’kwana de Venezuela, Ciudad Bolívar: Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, pages 62–65, 71, 75: “jaadü, jaa'dü, jua'de”
Yoruba
editEtymology 1
editCognate with Igala jà (“to fight”)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editjà
- (intransitive, reciprocal) to fight, to wrestle, to struggle
- (intransitive) to occur, to take place, to break out (as in a war or disease)
- Synonym: já
- ogún jà ― War broke out
Usage notes
edit- ja before a direct object
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjá
- (intransitive, transitive) to snap, to break off, to break loose
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjá
- (intransitive) to occur, to take place, to begin suddenly (to break out)
- Synonym: jà
- gudugbẹ̀ẹ́ já ― Calamity has broken out
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjá
- (intransitive) to ring out like a bell
- etí rẹ̀ ń já ― His ears were ringing out
Derived terms
editEtymology 5
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjá
- (heading, intransitive) to fall off (from some height)
Derived terms
editEtymology 6
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjá
Etymology 7
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjá
- to become aware, to come to full realization
Derived terms
editEtymology 8
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjá
- (intransitive) to become punctured
- àpò rẹ̀ẹ́ já ― His pocket has become punctured
Etymology 9
editPronunciation
editVerb
editjá
- (intransitive) to become saturated or oversaturated with something; to become too much of something
- iyọ̀ ọ́ já ọbẹ̀ yìí ― Salt has saturated this stew
Derived terms
editEtymology 10
editLikely cognate with Igala já (“to harvest”)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editjá
- (transitive) to pluck off (usually referring to fruit or leaves)
- Synonym: wọ́
Derived terms
editZialo
editNoun
editja
References
edit- Kirill Vladimirovich Babaev, Zialo: the newly-discovered Mande language of Guinea (2010), page 213
Zou
editVerb
editja
References
edit- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
- English terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- English terms derived from Afrikaans
- English terms derived from Dutch
- English lemmas
- English adverbs
- English uncomparable adverbs
- South African English
- English informal terms
- English terms borrowed from Korean
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- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English indeclinable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Units of measure
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Afrikaans lemmas
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- Afrikaans phrasebook
- Alemannic German terms inherited from Old High German
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- Alemannic German lemmas
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- Urner Alemannic German
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- Assan terms derived from Proto-Yeniseian
- Assan lemmas
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- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Rhymes:Catalan/a
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- Central Melanau numerals
- Central Melanau cardinal numbers
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- Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Cimbrian lemmas
- Cimbrian particles
- Sette Comuni Cimbrian
- Cypriot Arabic terms belonging to the root j-y-y
- Cypriot Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
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- Cypriot Arabic lemmas
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- Cypriot Arabic form-I verbs
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Danish/a
- Rhymes:Danish/a/1 syllable
- Danish lemmas
- Danish interjections
- Danish nouns
- Danish neuter nouns
- Dimasa lemmas
- Dimasa nouns
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch adverbs
- Dutch terms with usage examples
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch neuter nouns
- Dutch nouns with multiple genders
- Dutch interjections
- Surinamese Dutch
- Dutch informal terms
- Dutch modal particles
- Esperanto terms borrowed from German
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- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Esperanto BRO1
- Esperanto 1894 Universala Vortaro
- Words approved by the Akademio de Esperanto
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian conjunctions
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑ/1 syllable
- Finnish conjunctions
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish adverbs
- Finnish dialectal terms
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish rosé-type nominals
- Finnish coordinating conjunctions
- Finnish two-letter words
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- Franco-Provençal lemmas
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- ORB, broad
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- grt:Time
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
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- German terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Rhymes:German/aː
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- German terms with homophones
- German lemmas
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- German interjections
- German modal particles
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- Guerrero Amuzgo adjectives
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- Gutnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gutnish terms inherited from Old Norse
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- Gutnish lemmas
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- ha:Colors
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- Rhymes:Hungarian/jɒ
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- Hungarian lemmas
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- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
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- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑ
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- Ingrian lemmas
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- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
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- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
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- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
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- Spanish lemmas
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- Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
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- Swedish text messaging slang
- Swedish pronunciation spellings
- Tswana terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tswana terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tswana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tswana lemmas
- Tswana verbs
- Tz'utujil lemmas
- Tz'utujil articles
- Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Upper Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Upper Sorbian lemmas
- Upper Sorbian pronouns
- Upper Sorbian personal pronouns
- Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/ɑ
- Rhymes:Votic/ɑ/1 syllable
- Votic lemmas
- Votic conjunctions
- West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian interjections
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian verbs
- West Makian intransitive verbs
- Ye'kwana terms inherited from Proto-Cariban
- Ye'kwana terms derived from Proto-Cariban
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana nouns
- mch:Family members
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba verbs
- Yoruba intransitive verbs
- Yoruba reciprocal verbs
- Yoruba terms with usage examples
- Yoruba transitive verbs
- Zialo lemmas
- Zialo nouns
- Zou lemmas
- Zou verbs