beita

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse beita, from Proto-Germanic *baitijaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpeiːta/
Rhymes: -eiːta

Verb

beita (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative beitti, supine beitt)

(transitive, governs the accusative, fishing) to bait a fishing line
Synonym: egna
(transitive, governs the dative, fishing) to use as bait on a fishhook
Að beita maðki.
To use a worm as bait.
(transitive, governs the dative) to put to pasture, to put out to graze, to have animals feed on the land
Synonym: láta á beit

Að beita kindum.
To put sheep out to graze.
(transitive, governs the dative) to employ, to use, to handle a tool or method
Synonym: nota
(nautical) to sail by beating (sail into the wind at an angle)

Conjugation

beita — active voice (germynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að beita
supine (sagnbót)		beitt
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		beitandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég beiti	við beitum	present (nútíð)	ég beiti	við beitum
	þú beitir	þið beitið		þú beitir	þið beitið
	hann, hún, það beitir	þeir, þær, þau beita		hann, hún, það beiti	þeir, þær, þau beiti

past (þátíð)	ég beitti	við beittum	past (þátíð)	ég beitti	við beittum
	þú beittir	þið beittuð		þú beittir	þið beittuð
	hann, hún, það beitti	þeir, þær, þau beittu		hann, hún, það beitti	þeir, þær, þau beittu

imperative (boðháttur)	beit (þú)	beitið (þið)
	beittu	beitiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

beitast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

	Forms with appended personal pronoun
infinitive (nafnháttur)		að beitast
supine (sagnbót)		beist
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		beitandist the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég beitist	við beitumst	present (nútíð)	ég beitist	við beitumst
	þú beitist	þið beitist		þú beitist	þið beitist
	hann, hún, það beitist	þeir, þær, þau beitast		hann, hún, það beitist	þeir, þær, þau beitist

past (þátíð)	ég beittist	við beittumst	past (þátíð)	ég beittist	við beittumst
	þú beittist	þið beittust		þú beittist	þið beittust
	hann, hún, það beittist	þeir, þær, þau beittust		hann, hún, það beittist	þeir, þær, þau beittust

imperative (boðháttur)	beist (þú)	beitist (þið)
	beistu	beitisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

beittur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	beittur	beitt	beitt	beittir	beittar	beitt
accusative (þolfall)	beittan	beitta	beitt	beitta	beittar	beitt
dative (þágufall)	beittum	beittri	beittu	beittum	beittum	beittum
genitive (eignarfall)	beitts	beittrar	beitts	beittra	beittra	beittra

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	beitti	beitta	beitta	beittu	beittu	beittu
accusative (þolfall)	beitta	beittu	beitta	beittu	beittu	beittu
dative (þágufall)	beitta	beittu	beitta	beittu	beittu	beittu
genitive (eignarfall)	beitta	beittu	beitta	beittu	beittu	beittu

Derived terms

beita brögðum (“to resort to a ruse, to use cunning”)
beita hörðu (“to use violence”)
beita órétti (“to do an injustice”)
beita sig hörðu

Noun

beita f (genitive singular beitu, nominative plural beitur)

bait
Synonym: agn

Declension

Declension of beita (feminine)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	beita	beitan	beitur	beiturnar
accusative	beitu	beituna	beitur	beiturnar
dative	beitu	beitunni	beitum	beitunum
genitive	beitu	beitunnar	beita	beitanna

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

beitene (of noun)
beitet (of verb)

Noun

beita n pl

definite plural of beite

Verb

beita

simple past of beite
past participle of beite

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

beite

Etymology

From Old Norse beita (“make bite”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /²bɛɪːta/

Verb

beita (present tense beitar/beiter, past tense beita/beitte, past participle beita/beitt, passive infinitive beitast, present participle beitande, imperative beita/beit)

graze (eat grass from a pasture)
Om sumaren er dyra ute og beiter.
The animals are outdoors and grazing during the summer.

Noun

beita n pl

definite plural of beite

References

“beita” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *baitijaną. Causative of bíta.

Verb

beita (singular past indicative beitti, plural past indicative beittu, past participle beittr)

(intransitive) to graze
(transitive) to allow, let, make bite
1. (with dative) to feed (livestock)
2. (with dative) to attack with a cutting instrument; to use as a weapon
(by extension, nautical) to steer or sail near the wind; to cruise
(hunting, ditransitive, with accusative and dative) to hunt (with dogs or hawks)
to yoke to (of horse or cattle)

Usage notes

In the sense of hunting, the dogs or hawks are in the dative, and the foe they are set loose on in the accusative case.

Conjugation

Conjugation of beita — active (weak class 1)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	beita
present participle	beitandi
past participle	beittr
1st-person singular	beiti	beitta
2nd-person singular	beitir	beittir
3rd-person singular	beitir	beitti
1st-person plural	beitum	beittum
2nd-person plural	beitið	beittuð
3rd-person plural	beita	beittu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	beita	beitta
2nd-person singular	beitir	beittir
3rd-person singular	beiti	beitti
1st-person plural	beitim	beittim
2nd-person plural	beitið	beittið
3rd-person plural	beiti	beitti
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	beit, beiti
1st-person plural	beitum
2nd-person plural	beitið

Conjugation of beita — mediopassive (weak class 1)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	beitask
present participle	beitandisk
past participle	beizk
1st-person singular	beitumk	beittumk
2nd-person singular	beitisk	beittisk
3rd-person singular	beitisk	beittisk
1st-person plural	beitumsk	beittumsk
2nd-person plural	beitizk	beittuzk
3rd-person plural	beitask	beittusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	beitumk	beittumk
2nd-person singular	beitisk	beittisk
3rd-person singular	beitisk	beittisk
1st-person plural	beitimsk	beittimsk
2nd-person plural	beitizk	beittizk
3rd-person plural	beitisk	beittisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	beizk, beitisk
1st-person plural	beitumsk
2nd-person plural	beitizk

Descendants

Icelandic: beita
Norwegian Nynorsk: beita, beite
Norwegian Bokmål: beite
Danish: bede
→ Middle English: bayten, bayte, baite, beyton, baiten, beiten, beȝȝtenn
- English: bait
- Scots: bait

Noun

beita f (genitive beitu)

(fishing) a bait
Synonym: agn

Declension

Declension of beita (weak ōn-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	beita	beitan	beitur	beiturnar
accusative	beitu	beituna	beitur	beiturnar
dative	beitu	beitunni	beitum	beitunum
genitive	beitu	beitunnar	beita	beitanna

Descendants

Icelandic: beita
Norwegian Nynorsk: beite
→ Middle English: bayte, bait, beite, baite, beyte, beit
- English: bait
- Scots: bait

Etymology 2

Noun

beita

References

beita in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
“beita1”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“beita2”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Volapük

Noun

beita

genitive singular of beit

Zou

Noun

beita

end

References

http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2013/zouphonologyfinal.pdf