afogar

Asturian

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *affōcāre, alteration of Latin offōcāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /afoˈɡaɾ/, [a.foˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: a‧fo‧gar

Verb

afogar

1. to choke; to strangle

Conjugation

Conjugation of afogar

infinitive		afogar
gerund		afogando
past participle		m afogáu, f afogada, n afogao, m pl afogaos, f pl afogaes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	afuego	afuegues	afuega	afogamos	afogáis	afueguen
	imperfect	afogaba	afogabes	afogaba	afogábemos, afogábamos	afogabeis, afogabais	afogaben
	preterite	afogué	afogasti, afoguesti	afogó	afoguemos	afogastis, afoguestis	afogaron
	pluperfect	afogare, afogara	afogares, afogaras	afogare, afogara	afogáremos, afogáramos	afogareis, afogarais	afogaren, afogaran
	future	afogaré	afogarás	afogará	afogaremos	afogaréis	afogarán
	conditional	afogaría	afogaríes	afogaría	afogaríemos, afogaríamos	afogaríeis, afogaríais	afogaríen
subjunctive	present	afuegue	afuegues, afuegas	afuegue	afoguemos	afoguéis	afueguen, afuegan
	imperfect	afogare, afogara	afogares, afogaras	afogare, afogara	afogáremos, afogáramos	afogareis, afogarais	afogaren, afogaran
imperative		—	afuega	—	—	afogái	—

Derived terms

• afuega'l pitu

Catalan

Alternative forms

• fogar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ə.fuˈɣa]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ə.foˈɣa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [a.foˈɣaɾ]

Etymology 1

From a- +‎ foc +‎ -ar.

Verb

afogar (first-person singular present afogo, first-person singular preterite afoguí, past participle afogat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /ɔ/

1. (transitive) to set on fire

   Synonyms: abrusar, calar

Etymology 2

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *affōcāre, alteration of Latin offōcāre. Doublet of ofegar.

Verb

afogar (first-person singular present afogo, first-person singular preterite afoguí, past participle afogat); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /o/

1. (transitive) to suffocate
2. (intransitive, pronominal) to suffocate

Synonyms

• ofegar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of afogar (first conjugation, g-gu alternation)

infinitive			afogar
gerund			afogant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		afogat		afogada
		plural		afogats		afogades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	afogo	afogues	afoga	afoguem	afogueu	afoguen
	imperfect	afogava	afogaves	afogava	afogàvem	afogàveu	afogaven
	future	afogaré	afogaràs	afogarà	afogarem	afogareu	afogaran
	preterite	afoguí	afogares	afogà	afogàrem	afogàreu	afogaren
	conditional	afogaria	afogaries	afogaria	afogaríem	afogaríeu	afogarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	afogui	afoguis	afogui	afoguem	afogueu	afoguin
	imperfect	afogués	afoguessis	afogués	afoguéssim	afoguéssiu	afoguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	afoga	afogui	afoguem	afogueu	afoguin
	negative (no)	—	no afoguis	no afogui	no afoguem	no afogueu	no afoguin

Further reading

• “afogar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese afogar, from Vulgar Latin *affōcāre, alteration of Latin offōcāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [afoˈɣaɾ]

Verb

afogar (first-person singular present afogo, first-person singular preterite afoguei, past participle afogado)

1. (intransitive or pronominal) to drown
2. (intransitive or pronominal) to choke

   Synonym: atragoar

3. (transitive) to drown
   • c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 519:

     Et deu muy grande agua aquela noyte et hũu tã grã tronar et hũu tã grã deluuyo que os ouuera de afogar

     And that night it was such a large rain, and such a large thunderstorm, and such a large deluge that they could have drowned

Conjugation

    Conjugation of afogar (g-gu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	afogar
Personal	afogar	afogares	afogar	afogarmos	afogardes	afogaren
Gerund
	afogando
Past participle
Masculine	afogado			afogados
Feminine	afogada			afogadas
Indicative
Present	afogo	afogas	afoga	afogamos	afogades	afogan
Imperfect	afogaba	afogabas	afogaba	afogabamos	afogabades	afogaban
Preterite	afoguei	afogaches	afogou	afogamos	afogastes	afogaron
Pluperfect	afogara	afogaras	afogara	afogaramos	afogarades	afogaran
Future	afogarei	afogarás	afogará	afogaremos	afogaredes	afogarán
Conditional	afogaría	afogarías	afogaría	afogariamos	afogariades	afogarían
Subjunctive
Present	afogue	afogues	afogue	afoguemos	afoguedes	afoguen
Imperfect	afogase	afogases	afogase	afogásemos	afogásedes	afogasen
Future	afogar	afogares	afogar	afogarmos	afogardes	afogaren
Imperative
Affirmative		afoga	afogue	afoguemos	afogade	afoguen
Negative (non)		non afogues	non afogue	non afoguemos	non afoguedes	non afoguen

    Reintegrated conjugation of afogar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	afogar
Personal	afogar	afogares	afogar	afogarmos	afogardes	afogarem
Gerund
	afogando
Past participle
Masculine	afogado			afogados
Feminine	afogada			afogadas
Indicative
Present	afogo	afogas	afoga	afogamos	afogades, afogais	afogam
Imperfect	afogava	afogavas	afogava	afogávamos	afogávades, afogáveis, afogávais1	afogavam
Preterite	afoguei	afogaste, afogache1	afogou	afogamos	afogastes	afogárom, afogaram
Pluperfect	afogara	afogaras	afogara	afogáramos	afogárades, afogáreis, afogárais1	afogaram
Future	afogarei	afogarás	afogará	afogaremos	afogaredes, afogareis	afogarám, afogarão
Conditional	afogaria	afogarias	afogaria	afogaríamos	afogaríades, afogaríeis, afogaríais1	afogariam
Subjunctive
Present	afogue	afogues	afogue	afoguemos	afoguedes, afogueis	afoguem
Imperfect	afogasse	afogasses	afogasse	afogássemos	afogássedes, afogásseis	afogassem
Future	afogar	afogares	afogar	afogarmos	afogardes	afogarem
Imperative
Affirmative		afoga	afogue	afoguemos	afogade, afogai	afoguem
Negative (nom)		nom afogues	nom afogue	nom afoguemos	nom afoguedes, nom afogueis	nom afoguem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• afogo

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “afogar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “afog”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “afogar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “afogar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “afogar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “afogar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Occitan

Etymology

a- +‎ fuòc +‎ -ar, with a consonant change to ease the pronunciation.

Verb

afogar

1. to set fire to, to alight

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese afogar, from Vulgar Latin *affōcāre, alteration of Latin offōcāre. Doublet of ofegar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.foˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.foˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.foˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.foˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /a.foˈɡa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /a.foˈɡa(ʁ)/ [a.foˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.foˈɡa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.fuˈɡaɾ/ [ɐ.fuˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.fuˈɡaɾ/ [ɐ.fuˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɐ.fuˈɡa.ɾi/ [ɐ.fuˈɣa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: a‧fo‧gar

Verb

afogar (first-person singular present afogo, first-person singular preterite afoguei, past participle afogado)

1. (pronominal) to drown (die or nearly die by staying underwater)

   Quase me afoguei na piscina. ― I almost drowned in the pool.

2. (pronominal) to choke (have something blocking one’s airway)

   Synonym: engasgar

   Minha avó se afogou com um osso. ― My grandmother choked on a bone.

3. (transitive) to drown (kill or try to kill someone by keeping them underwater)

   Uns rapazes tentaram me afogar na praia. ― Some boys tried to drown me at the beach.

4. (figurative, transitive) to hold back (an expression or speech)

   Procure afogar o sorriso no funeral. ― Try to hold back your smile in the funeral.

5. (automotive, transitive) to choke (activate a vehicle’s choke valve)

   Se o carro não ligar, afogue o motor. ― If the car doesn’t turn on, choke the motor.

6. (figurative, pronominal) to drink heavily, to drown oneself in [with em ‘an alcoholic beverage’]

   Queria me afogar em vodka. ― I wanted to drown in vodka.

7. (figurative, transitive) to hold back; to contain (prevent from growing)

   O governo conseguiu afogar a revolução. ― The government was able to hold back the revolution.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of afogar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	afogar
Personal	afogar	afogares	afogar	afogarmos	afogardes	afogarem
Gerund
	afogando
Past participle
Masculine	afogado			afogados
Feminine	afogada			afogadas
Indicative
Present	afogo	afogas	afoga	afogamos	afogais	afogam
Imperfect	afogava	afogavas	afogava	afogávamos	afogáveis	afogavam
Preterite	afoguei	afogaste	afogou	afogamos1, afogámos2	afogastes	afogaram
Pluperfect	afogara	afogaras	afogara	afogáramos	afogáreis	afogaram
Future	afogarei	afogarás	afogará	afogaremos	afogareis	afogarão
Conditional	afogaria	afogarias	afogaria	afogaríamos	afogaríeis	afogariam
Subjunctive
Present	afogue	afogues	afogue	afoguemos	afogueis	afoguem
Imperfect	afogasse	afogasses	afogasse	afogássemos	afogásseis	afogassem
Future	afogar	afogares	afogar	afogarmos	afogardes	afogarem
Imperative
Affirmative		afoga	afogue	afoguemos	afogai	afoguem
Negative (não)		não afogues	não afogue	não afoguemos	não afogueis	não afoguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• afogado
• afogador
• afogamento
• afogar o ganso

 

Related terms

• ofegar

Further reading

• “afogar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
• “afogar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “afogar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
• “afogar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
• “afogar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024