affligo

Latin

Alternative forms

• adflīgō

Etymology

From ad- +‎ flīgō (“strike down”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /afˈfliː.ɡoː/, [äfˈflʲiːɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /afˈfli.ɡo/, [äfˈfliːɡo]

Verb

afflīgō (present infinitive afflīgere, perfect active afflīxī, supine afflīctum); third conjugation

1. to strike, beat, dash (against); cast or throw down, prostrate

   Synonyms: ferio, tango, percutio, pello, discutio, pulsō, accido, percello, impingo, ico, verbero

2. to afflict, damage, injure, crush, break or ruin

   Synonyms: afficiō, diruo, profligo, tollo, accido

3. to humble, weaken or vex
4. to overthrow

   Synonyms: prōflīgō, impellō, subvertō, pervertō, ēvertō, sternō, prōsternō, fundō, versō, vertō, dissipō

Conjugation

Conjugation of afflīgō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	afflīgō	afflīgis	afflīgit	afflīgimus	afflīgitis	afflīgunt
	imperfect	afflīgēbam	afflīgēbās	afflīgēbat	afflīgēbāmus	afflīgēbātis	afflīgēbant
	future	afflīgam	afflīgēs	afflīget	afflīgēmus	afflīgētis	afflīgent
	perfect	afflīxī	afflīxistī	afflīxit	afflīximus	afflīxistis	afflīxērunt, afflīxēre
	pluperfect	afflīxeram	afflīxerās	afflīxerat	afflīxerāmus	afflīxerātis	afflīxerant
	future perfect	afflīxerō	afflīxeris	afflīxerit	afflīxerimus	afflīxeritis	afflīxerint
	sigmatic future1	afflīxō	afflīxis	afflīxit	afflīximus	afflīxitis	afflīxint
passive	present	afflīgor	afflīgeris, afflīgere	afflīgitur	afflīgimur	afflīgiminī	afflīguntur
	imperfect	afflīgēbar	afflīgēbāris, afflīgēbāre	afflīgēbātur	afflīgēbāmur	afflīgēbāminī	afflīgēbantur
	future	afflīgar	afflīgēris, afflīgēre	afflīgētur	afflīgēmur	afflīgēminī	afflīgentur
	perfect	afflīctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	afflīctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	afflīctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	afflīgam	afflīgās	afflīgat	afflīgāmus	afflīgātis	afflīgant
	imperfect	afflīgerem	afflīgerēs	afflīgeret	afflīgerēmus	afflīgerētis	afflīgerent
	perfect	afflīxerim	afflīxerīs	afflīxerit	afflīxerīmus	afflīxerītis	afflīxerint
	pluperfect	afflīxissem	afflīxissēs	afflīxisset	afflīxissēmus	afflīxissētis	afflīxissent
	sigmatic aorist1	afflīxim	afflīxīs	afflīxīt	afflīxīmus	afflīxītis	afflīxint
passive	present	afflīgar	afflīgāris, afflīgāre	afflīgātur	afflīgāmur	afflīgāminī	afflīgantur
	imperfect	afflīgerer	afflīgerēris, afflīgerēre	afflīgerētur	afflīgerēmur	afflīgerēminī	afflīgerentur
	perfect	afflīctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	afflīctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	afflīge	—	—	afflīgite	—
	future	—	afflīgitō	afflīgitō	—	afflīgitōte	afflīguntō
passive	present	—	afflīgere	—	—	afflīgiminī	—
	future	—	afflīgitor	afflīgitor	—	—	afflīguntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		afflīgere	afflīxisse	afflīctūrum esse	afflīgī	afflīctum esse	afflīctum īrī
participles		afflīgēns	—	afflīctūrus	—	afflīctus	afflīgendus, afflīgundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		afflīgendī	afflīgendō	afflīgendum	afflīgendō	afflīctum	afflīctū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

• afflīctiō
• afflīctō
• afflīctor
• afflīctus

Related terms

• cōnflīgō
• efflīgō
• flīgō
• īnflīgō
• prōflīgō

Descendants

• → Catalan: afligir
• → English: afflict
• → French: affliger
• → Galician: aflixir
• → Italian: affliggere
• → Portuguese: afligir
• → Spanish: afligir

References

• “affligo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• affligo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be the victim of misfortune: calamitatibus affligi
    
  • to bring a man to ruin; to destroy: aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare
    
  • their spirits are broken: animus frangitur, affligitur, percellitur, debilitatur