煤
|
Translingual
editHan character
edit煤 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 火廿一木 (FTMD), four-corner 94894, composition ⿰火某)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 677, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19220
- Dae Jaweon: page 1088, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2214, character 2
- Unihan data for U+7164
Chinese
edittrad. | 煤 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 煤 | |
2nd round simp. | 𭳿 |
Glyph origin
editPhono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 某 (OC *mɯʔ).
Etymology
editSino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possibilities:
- Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-mu² (“soot; acrid (smoke)”). If related, a merger of Minimal Old Chinese *ə with *o must have occurred.
- Cognate with Mizo mang (maŋᴿ), man (manᴸ, “sooty”), Mizo mang (maŋᴴ, “partially burnt wood”).
文 (OC *mɯn) may be a derivation with -n nominal suffix. 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”) may be an allofam. Unrelated to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”) according to Schuessler (2007).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mei2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мый (mɨy, I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mui4
- Gan (Wiktionary): mi4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mei1 / mei2
- Northern Min (KCR): mô
- Eastern Min (BUC): muòi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6me
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mei2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: méi
- Wade–Giles: mei2
- Yale: méi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mei
- Palladius: мэй (mɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /meɪ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mei2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mei
- Sinological IPA (key): /mei²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мый (mɨy, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mei²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mui4
- Yale: mùih
- Cantonese Pinyin: mui4
- Guangdong Romanization: mui4
- Sinological IPA (key): /muːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòi
- Hakka Romanization System: moiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: moi2
- Sinological IPA: /moi̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mei1 / mei2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mei¹¹/, /mei⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mô
- Sinological IPA (key): /mo³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: muòi
- Sinological IPA (key): /mui⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môe
- Tâi-lô: muê
- Phofsit Daibuun: moee
- IPA (Taipei): /muẽ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /muẽ²³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôe
- Tâi-lô: buê
- Phofsit Daibuun: boee
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /bue²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bue¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhuê5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buê
- Sinological IPA (key): /bue⁵⁵/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: mei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /me̞i̯¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: mwoj
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯː/
Definitions
edit煤
- coal (Classifier: 塊/块 m c; 嚿 c)
- † dust of smoke; soot
- 向者煤室入甑中,棄食不祥,回攫而飯之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
- Xiàngzhě méi shì rù zèng zhōng, qì shí bùxiáng, Huí jué ér fàn zhī. [Pinyin]
- Just now some dust and soot fell into the steamer. Ill fortune befalls those who throw away food; so I grabbed those grains and ate them.
向者煤室入甑中,弃食不祥,回攫而饭之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † ink
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit- 乏煤
- 二煤
- 倒煤
- 原煤 (yuánméi)
- 天然煤氣/天然煤气 (tiānrán méiqì)
- 搖煤/摇煤
- 木煤氣/木煤气
- 松煤
- 氣煤/气煤
- 水煤氣/水煤气 (shuǐméiqì)
- 泥煤 (níméi)
- 洗煤
- 淨化燃煤/净化燃煤
- 火煤子
- 火紙煤兒/火纸煤儿
- 焦煤 (jiāoméi)
- 無煙焦煤/无烟焦煤
- 無煙煤/无烟煤 (wúyānméi)
- 煤井
- 煤化
- 煤坑
- 煤塵/煤尘
- 煤層/煤层 (méicéng)
- 煤山
- 煤搭
- 煤末
- 煤核
- 煤毒
- 煤氣/煤气 (méiqì)
- 煤氣燈/煤气灯 (méiqìdēng)
- 煤氣爐/煤气炉 (méiqìlú)
- 煤氣表/煤气表
- 煤水車/煤水车
- 煤油 (méiyóu)
- 煤油燈/煤油灯 (méiyóudēng)
- 煤渣 (méizhā)
- 煤炭 (méitàn)
- 煤焦油 (méijiāoyóu)
- 煤煙/煤烟
- 煙煤/烟煤 (yānméi)
- 煤球
- 煤田 (méitián)
- 煤砟子
- 煤磚/煤砖 (méizhuān)
- 煤礦/煤矿 (méikuàng)
- 煤精 (méijīng)
- 煤都
- 煤黑子
- 煤黑油
- 燈煤/灯煤
- 燭煤/烛煤
- 生煤
- 瘦煤
- 白煤 (báiméi)
- 省煤器
- 硬煤
- 紅煤/红煤
- 紙煤子/纸煤子
- 紙煤管子/纸煤管子
- 肥煤
- 蛛煤
- 褐煤 (hèméi)
- 麝煤
- 黑煤
Descendants
edit- → Guiqiong: mɛi (“coal”)
References
edit- “煤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
煤 |
すす Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Possibly related to 炭 (sumi, “cinder; charcoal”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
- sooted dirt or dust accumulated in ceilings, walls, etc.
- Short for 煤色 (susuiro): a shade of black as in the color of soot
Derived terms
edit- 煤ける (susukeru)
- 煤ぶ (susubu)
- 煤市 (Susuichi)
- 煤色 (susuiro)
- 煤男 (susuotoko)
- 煤賀 (Susuga)
- 煤ヶ谷 (Susugaya)
- 煤川 (Susugawa)
- 煤籠もり (susugomori)
- 煤田 (Susuta)
- 煤田 (Susuda)
- 煤竹 (susudake)
- 煤取り (susutori)
- 煤掃き (susuhaki)
- 煤払い (susuharai)
- 煤病 (susubyō)
- 煤埃 (susubokori)
- 煤孫 (Susumago)
- 煤本 (Susumoto)
- 煤谷 (Susuya)
- 煤湯 (susuyu)
- 煮煤 (nisusu)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
煤 |
ばい Jinmeiyō |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 煤 (MC mwoj). Compare modern Min Nan reading bôe.
Affix
editDerived terms
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Further reading
edit- 炭 entry at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese), regarding a possible connection between 煤 (susu, “soot”) and 炭 (sumi, “cinder; charcoal”)
Korean
editHanja
editOkinawan
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology
editKanji in this term |
---|
煤 |
しーし Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 煤 (susu).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit煤 (shīshi)
Old Japanese
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
edit煤 (susu) (kana すす)
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Japanese: 煤 (susu)
References
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit煤: Hán Nôm readings: môi, muồi, mai
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Yonaguni
editKanji
editReadings
editEtymology
editCognate with Japanese 煤 (susu).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit煤 (chichi)
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