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1.
Development of Sampling Modules for the Upgrade II of the LHCb ECAL
Reference: Poster-2024-1230
Created: 2021. -1 p
Creator(s): Martinazzoli, Loris

The LHCb experiment is a single-arm forward particle detector located at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. After the Upgrade II, it will run at a luminosity of up to $1.5 \cdot 10^{34} cm^{−2}s^{−1}$ to collect 300 fb$^{-1}$ to collect 300 fb$^{-1}$ of data. A major revision of the LHCb Electromagnetic Calorimeter is required due to the increased particle densities and radiation doses. One option for the central part is a sampling spaghetti calorimeter (SPACAL) comprising radiation-hard crystal scintillators and a Tungsten absorber, whereas a SPACAL with plastic scintillators and Lead absorber is candidate for the outer region. A prototype was assembled with fibres of Cerium-doped YAG and GAGG. This contribution presents the development of the SPACAL prototypes, including scintillators and photodetectors studies, the test beam results, and Monte Carlo simulations identifying the materials requirements in a high-rate environment.

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2.
Crystal Fibres for LHCb Calorimeter Upgrade / Martinazzoli, Loris (Universita & INFN, Milano-Bicocca (IT))
Pending
LHCb-TALK-2019-436.- Geneva : CERN, 2019 Fulltext: PDF; In : SCINT2019
3.
Crystal Fibers for the LHCb Calorimeter Upgrade / Martinazzoli, Loris (Universita & INFN, Milano-Bicocca (IT))
The Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment is one of the four main particle detectors located at the Large Hadron Collider. After the high-luminosity upgrade of the accelerator, the expected radiation dose faced by the LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter will reach peak values of 1 MGy in the centermost part, an amount not tolerable by the currently employed Shashlik technology, which demands a novel radiation hard design. [...]
LHCb-PROC-2020-004; CERN-LHCb-PROC-2020-004.- Geneva : CERN, 2020 - 6. - Published in : IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 67 (2020) 1003 Fulltext: PDF;
In : 15th International Conference on Inorganic Scintillators and Their Applications, Sendai, Japan, 29 Sep - 04 Oct 2019
4.
Development of a Sampling Calorimeter for the LHCb Upgrade / Martinazzoli, Loris
Since 2008 the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva, has offered the ideal testing ground to probe the scientific knowledge of the fundamental interactions [...]
CERN-THESIS-2023-045 - 172 p.

5.
A simulation study of the time measurement accuracy for the SPACAL type ECAL Module for LHCb Upgrade phase 2 / Guz, Iouri (Institute for High Energy Physics of NRC Kurchatov Institute (RU)) ; Talochka, Yauheni (Byelorussian State University (BY)) ; Auffray Hillemanns, Etiennette (CERN) ; Golutvin, Andrei (Imperial College (GB)) ; Kazlou, D (Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University (INP BSU), Minsk, Belarus) ; Korjik, Mikhail (Byelorussian State University (BY)) ; Martinazzoli, Loris (Universita & INFN, Milano-Bicocca (IT)) ; Mechinsky, Vitaly (Byelorussian State University (BY)) ; Pizzichemi, Marco (Universita & INFN, Milano-Bicocca (IT)) ; Schopper, Andreas (CERN) et al.
The Spaghetti type Calorimeter (SPACAL) with fibers parallel to the beam direction is considered as an option for the inner part of the future LHCb Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) for the Upgrade Phase 2 [1]. In this work a simulation study of the time measurement precision has been performed for the electron and photon beams with energies of 1, 2, 4, 5 and 10 GeV..
LHCb-PUB-2020-004; CERN-LHCb-PUB-2020-004.- Geneva : CERN, 2020 - 17. Fulltext: PDF;
6.
Performance of a spaghetti calorimeter prototype with tungsten absorber and garnet crystal fibres / An, Liupan (CERN) ; Auffray, Etiennette (CERN) ; Betti, Federico (CERN) ; Dall'Omo, Frederik (CERN) ; Gascon, David (ICC, Barcelona U.) ; Golutvin, Andrey (Imperial Coll., London) ; Guz, Yury (Serpukhov, IHEP) ; Kholodenko, Sergey (Serpukhov, IHEP) ; Martinazzoli, Loris (CERN ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; De Cos, José Mazorra (Valencia U., IFIC) et al.
A spaghetti calorimeter (SPACAL) prototype with scintillating crystal fibres was assembled and tested with electron beams of energy from 1 to 5 GeV. The prototype comprised radiation-hard Cerium-doped Gd$_3$Al$_2$Ga$_3$O$_{12}$ (GAGG:Ce) and Y$_3$Al$_5$O$_{12}$ (YAG:Ce) embedded in a pure tungsten absorber. [...]
arXiv:2205.02500.- 2023-01-01 - 14 p. - Published in : Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 1045 (2023) 167629 Fulltext: 2205.02500 - PDF; Publication - PDF;
7.
Scintillation properties and timing performance of state-of-the-art Gd$_{3}$Al$_{2}$Ga$_{3}$O$_{12}$single crystals / Martinazzoli, Loris (CERN ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Kratochwil, Nicolaus (CERN ; Vienna U.) ; Gundacker, Stefan (CERN ; Milan Bicocca U. ; RWTH Aachen U.) ; Auffray, Etiennette (CERN)
Future colliders will set stringent requirements on the performance of detector materials in terms of timing and radiation hardness. Scintillating garnet crystals proved to satisfy the latter, while the former can be improved through technological developments. [...]
2021 - 7 p. - Published in : Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 1000 (2021) 165231 Fulltext: PDF;
8.
Scintillating sampling ECAL technology for the LHCb PicoCal / Kholodenko, Sergei (INFN, Pisa ; Pisa U.) /LHCb ECAL Upgrade II R&D Group
The aim of the LHCb Upgrade II is to operate at a luminosity of up to 1.5×1034 cm2s−1 to collect a data set of 300 fb−1. The required substantial modifications of the current LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter due to high radiation doses in the central region and increased particle densities are referred to as PicoCal. [...]
2024 - 4 p. - Published in : Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 1066 (2024) 169656 Fulltext: PDF;
In : 16th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors, La Biodola, Isola D'elba, Italy, 26 May - 1 Jun 2024
9.
LHCb ECAL upgrade II / Kholodenko, Sergei (Kurchatov Inst., Moscow) /LHCb ECAL UII working group Collaboration
The aim of the Phase-2 Upgrade of LHCb is to collect up to 300 fb$^{-1}$ of data in a few years, operating at luminosity of $1.5\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. Because of the significant increase in particle densities and radiation doses, the present LHCb Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) will require a major revision. [...]
2022 - 5 p. - Published in : PoS PANIC2021 (2022) 100 Fulltext: PDF;
In : 22nd Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC 2021), Lisbon, Portugal, 5 - 10 Sep 2021, pp.100
10.
The Phase II upgrade of the LHCb calorimeter system / Pizzichemi, M (CERN)
The Phase 2 LHCb Upgrade, which is now being developed by the LHCb Collaboration, is supposed to make LHCb able to work at high luminosity, up to 2 ċ 1034/cm2/s. The plan is to collect ∼300 fb−1 of data in a few years. [...]
2020 - 9 p. - Published in : JINST 15 (2020) C05062
In : 3rd Conference on Calorimetry for the High Energy Frontier, Fukuoka, Japan, 25 - 29 Nov 2019, pp.C05062

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