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Voltaire
Pintura ni Nicolas de Largillière, c. 1724
MinundaganFrançois-Marie Arouet
(1694-11-21)21 Nobyembre 1694
Paris, Kingdom of France
Kagadanan30 Mayo 1778(1778-05-30) (edad 83)
Paris, Kingdom of France
NilubonganPanthéon, Paris, Pransya
KasibotanParasurat, pilosopo
NasyunalidadPranses
Alma materCollège Louis-le-Grand
KailusyonÉmilie du Châtelet (1733–1749),
Marie Louise Mignot (1744–1778)
Philosophy career
EraAnoy nin Pagkamuklat
RegionWestern philosophy
French philosophy
SchoolLumières
Philosophes
Deism
Classical liberalism
Main interests
Political philosophy, literature, historiography, biblical criticism
Notable ideas
Philosophy of history,[1] freedom of religion, freedom of speech, separation of church and state
Lagda

Si François-Marie Arouet (Pranses: [fʁɑ̃swa maʁi aʁwɛ]; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), midbid sa saiyang tagong-ngaran na Voltaire (/vɒlˈtɛər, voʊl-/;[5][6][7] also US: /vɔːl-/;[8][9] Pranses: [vɔltɛːʁ]), sarong Pranses Pagmumuklat na parasurat, historyador, asin pilosopo bantog kan saiyang mapanas na pag'iisip, saiyang pagtuyaw sa Kristyandad—orog na an Simbahan Katoliko Romano— asin kan kaoripnan, kan saiyang adbokasiya sa talingkas na pagtaram, talingkas na pagtubod, asin an pagkasuway kan simbahan sa estado.

Si Voltaire mahusay asin mahigos na parasurat, nagpoprodyusir nin pagsusurat sa maski ano na lang na porma literaryo, kairiba na diyan an dula, rawitdawit, nobela, prosa, historya, asin mga sayantipikong pagpahayag. Siya nagguhit nin sobra sa 20,000 na mga kasuratan asin 2,000 na libro asin polyeto.[10] Siya an saro sa mga naenot na mga kagsurat na internasyonal na nabantog asin komersyal na nagbenta kan mga gibo niya. Siya maisog na nag'tutulod sa libertad sibil asin pirmi yaon sa huma nin estriktong pagsesensor huli kan mahigot na mga leyes kan monarkiyang Katolikong Pranses. An mga polemiko niya malanit na nagtutuya-tuya' kan intoleransya, dogma relihiyoso, asin kan mga kagawean nin Pranses sa panahon niyang idto. An pinakabantogan na obra niya asin kumbaga magnum opus, iyo an Candide, sarong halipot na nobela na nagkokomento, nagtutuyaw, asin nagtuya-tuya' dapit kan mga pangyayari, mga paraisip, asin kan mga pilosopiya sa panahon niya.

Mga sinurat

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Non-piksyon

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Historya

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Halipot na nobela

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  • The One-eyed Street Porter, Cosi-sancta (1715)
  • Micromégas (1738)
  • The World as it Goes (1750)
  • Memnon (1750)
  • Bababec and the Fakirs (1750)
  • Timon (1755)
  • Plato's Dream (1756)
  • The Travels of Scarmentado (1756)
  • The Two Consoled Ones (1756)
  • Zadig, or, Destiny (1757)
  • Candide, or Optimism (1758)
  • Story of a Good Brahman (1759)
  • The King of Boutan (1761)
  • The City of Cashmere (1760)
  • An Indian Adventure (1764)
  • The White and the Black (1764)
  • Jeannot and Colin (1764)
  • The Blind Judges of Colors (1766)
  • The Princess of Babylon (1768)
  • The Man with Forty Crowns (1768)
  • The Letters of Amabed (1769)
  • The Huron, or Pupil of Nature (1771)
  • The White Bull (1772)
  • An Incident of Memory (1773)
  • The History of Jenni (1774)
  • The Travels of Reason (1774)
  • The Ears of Lord Chesterfield and Chaplain Goudman (1775)

Dula/drama

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Si Voltaire nagsurat nin sa pag'ultan mga singkwenta asin sisentang mga dula, na may ibang dai natapos.[11] Magkapira igdi iyo an minasunod:

Mga obrang dinamot

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  • Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire, A. Beuchot (ed.). 72 vols. (1829–1840)
  • Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire, Louis E.D. Moland and G. Bengesco (eds.). 52 vols. (1877–1885)
  • Oeuvres complètes de Voltaire, Theodore Besterman, et al. (eds.). 144 vols. (1968–2018)

Toltolan

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  1. ↑ Voltaire, La philosophie de l'histoire, Changuion, 1765.
  2. ↑ Susan Sarah Cohen (2012). 2000. Walter de Gruyter. p. 90. ISBN 978-3-11-095695-5. 
  3. ↑ "Christopher Hitchens' Defense of the Enlightenment". 28 July 2018. 
  4. ↑ Heiner F. Klemme, Manfred Kuehn (2016). The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. Bloomsbury. p. 821. ISBN 978-1-4742-5600-1. 
  5. ↑ "Voltaire". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
  6. ↑ "Voltaire". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 August 2019. 
  7. ↑ "Voltaire". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. n.d. Retrieved 1 August 2019. 
  8. ↑ "Voltaire". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 August 2019. 
  9. ↑ "Voltaire". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 1 August 2019. 
  10. ↑ "Voltaire – Biography". 
  11. ↑ Dates of the first performance, unless otherwise noted. Garreau, Joseph E. (1984). "Voltaire", vol. 5, pp. 113–17, in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama, Stanley Hochman, editor in chief. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-079169-5.
  12. ↑ "Voltaire". History and biography. 27 July 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2019. 
  13. ↑ Liu, Wu-Chi (1953). "The Original Orphan of China". Comparative Literature 5 (3): 206–07. doi:10.2307/1768912. 


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