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心網蟲屬：修订间差异

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'''鏈狀心網蟲'''（[[學名]]：''Cardiodictyon catenulum''）是'''心網蟲科'''（[[學名]]：''Cardiodictyidae''）'''心網蟲屬'''（[[學名]]：''Cardiodictyon''）的[[單型]][[物種]]，是在中國[[澄江化石地]]發現的。<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=XIANGUANG |first=HOU |last2=RAMSKÖLD |first2=LARS |last3=BERGSTRÖM |first3=JAN |date=1991-10 |title=Composition and preservation of the Chengjiang fauna –a Lower Cambrian soft‐bodied biota |url=https://www.academia.edu/1781224/Composition_and_preservation_of_the_Chengjiang_fauna_a_Lower_Cambrian_soft_bodied_biota_1991_Hou_Xian_Guang_Lars_Ramskold_Jan_Bergstr%C3%B6m_Zoologica_Scripta_Vol_20_No_4_pp_395_411_ |journal=Zoologica Scripta |volume=20 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.1991.tb00303.x |issn=0300-3256}}</ref>有 21-24 對側板，尖向朝腹側和短而尖的背突。身體細長，沒有環紋。每一對板下方有一對長的腿。身體末端是鈍的，位於最後一對板的後方。 頭部區域拉長（箭頭狀），前部末端呈圓形。其頭部由一對大骨片保護，並具有分段排列的六角形骨片。<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=HOU |first=XIANGUANG |last2=BERGSTRÖM |first2=JAN |date=1995-05 |title=Cambrian lobopodians-ancestors of extant onychophorans? |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/72278527/zjls.1995.001420211012-11290-md8kvm-libre.pdf?1634034903=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DCambrian_lobopodians_ancestors_of_extant.pdf&Expires=1699878655&Signature=UirDESqsH-QSRuLyPfnFxjIdyJcZDq9c1gySRq1HT66KPQHi6ucnRnWdnIIUWrb9DDpHsHmAjm7yrax3BPb-HmrT86EPvVcFQQCb98ngBFcGU~w1wf2BBQ4H-LxiZapgI0OgOFCC~VCXEjyKnob9oFX3TlapdFHmI0pe4X~aKaYQo6cOMtza0gwG070U79wWMLZpbDGGpEKDHF4uveruRjVic3pL3GJYLGUDcPBxzChnKnMTALXsbj~ingD3yRdNPp2-ETZmF0Gw7kp~BHREJpP9gM0o28o~lOPgFPSlfimxg625a4KeBwqeZssm6LJ3fjAOB5gRdjUjCgwQJU7LgA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=114 |issue=1 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x |issn=0024-4082}}</ref>頭部前緣有雙重結構，並有一對眼點； 背板的形狀也被重新詮釋。嘴巴和肛門位於身體前後的末端。<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Jianni |last2=Dunlop |first2=Jason A. |date=2014-03 |title=Cambrian lobopodians: A review of recent progress in our understanding of their morphology and evolution |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=398 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008 |issn=0031-0182}}</ref>NICHOLA在心網蟲的化石裡找到腦部結構，心網蟲有腦部結構。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fossil Defies So-Called Brain Evolution|url=https://www.icr.org/article/fossil-defies-so-called-brain/|access-date=2023-11-12|website=www.icr.org|language=en}}</ref>
'''鏈狀心網蟲'''（[[學名]]：''Cardiodictyon catenulum''）是'''心網蟲科'''（[[學名]]：''Cardiodictyidae''）'''心網蟲屬'''（[[學名]]：''Cardiodictyon''）的[[單型]][[物種]]，是在中國[[澄江化石地]]發現的。<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=XIANGUANG |first=HOU |last2=RAMSKÖLD |first2=LARS |last3=BERGSTRÖM |first3=JAN |date=1991-10 |title=Composition and preservation of the Chengjiang fauna –a Lower Cambrian soft‐bodied biota |url=https://www.academia.edu/1781224/Composition_and_preservation_of_the_Chengjiang_fauna_a_Lower_Cambrian_soft_bodied_biota_1991_Hou_Xian_Guang_Lars_Ramskold_Jan_Bergstr%C3%B6m_Zoologica_Scripta_Vol_20_No_4_pp_395_411_ |journal=Zoologica Scripta |volume=20 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.1991.tb00303.x |issn=0300-3256}}</ref>有 21-24 對側板，尖向朝腹側和短而尖的背突。身體細長，沒有環紋。每一對板下方有一對長的腿。身體末端是鈍的，位於最後一對板的後方。 頭部區域拉長（箭頭狀），前部末端呈圓形。其頭部由一對大骨片保護，並具有分段排列的六角形骨片。<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=HOU |first=XIANGUANG |last2=BERGSTRÖM |first2=JAN |date=1995-05 |title=Cambrian lobopodians-ancestors of extant onychophorans? |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/72278527/zjls.1995.001420211012-11290-md8kvm-libre.pdf?1634034903=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DCambrian_lobopodians_ancestors_of_extant.pdf&Expires=1699878655&Signature=UirDESqsH-QSRuLyPfnFxjIdyJcZDq9c1gySRq1HT66KPQHi6ucnRnWdnIIUWrb9DDpHsHmAjm7yrax3BPb-HmrT86EPvVcFQQCb98ngBFcGU~w1wf2BBQ4H-LxiZapgI0OgOFCC~VCXEjyKnob9oFX3TlapdFHmI0pe4X~aKaYQo6cOMtza0gwG070U79wWMLZpbDGGpEKDHF4uveruRjVic3pL3GJYLGUDcPBxzChnKnMTALXsbj~ingD3yRdNPp2-ETZmF0Gw7kp~BHREJpP9gM0o28o~lOPgFPSlfimxg625a4KeBwqeZssm6LJ3fjAOB5gRdjUjCgwQJU7LgA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=114 |issue=1 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x |issn=0024-4082}}</ref>頭部前緣有雙重結構，並有一對眼點； 背板的形狀也被重新詮釋。嘴巴和肛門位於身體前後的末端。<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Jianni |last2=Dunlop |first2=Jason A. |date=2014-03 |title=Cambrian lobopodians: A review of recent progress in our understanding of their morphology and evolution |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=398 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008 |issn=0031-0182}}</ref>NICHOLA在心網蟲的化石裡找到腦部結構，心網蟲有腦部結構。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fossil Defies So-Called Brain Evolution|url=https://www.icr.org/article/fossil-defies-so-called-brain/|access-date=2023-11-12|website=www.icr.org|language=en}}</ref>


<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Budd |first=Graham E. |last2=Mayer |first2=Georg |last3=Janssen |first3=Ralf |last4=Eriksson |first4=B. Joakim |date=2023-06-30 |title=Comment on “The lower Cambrian lobopodian<i>Cardiodictyon</i>resolves the origin of euarthropod brains” |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adg1412 |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6652 |doi=10.1126/science.adg1412 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Strausfeld |first=Nicholas J. |last2=Hou |first2=Xianguang |last3=Sayre |first3=Marcel E. |last4=Hirth |first4=Frank |date=2023-06-30 |title=Response to Comment on “The lower Cambrian lobopodian <i>Cardiodictyon</i> resolves the origin of euarthropod brains” |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adg6051 |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6652 |doi=10.1126/science.adg6051 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Briggs |first=Derek E. G. |last2=Parry |first2=Luke A. |date=2022-11-25 |title=Putting heads together |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add7372 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=378 |issue=6622 |doi=10.1126/science.add7372 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Jun-Yuan |date=2009 |title=The sudden appearance of diverse animal body plansduring the Cambrian explosion |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.072513cj |journal=The International Journal of Developmental Biology |volume=53 |issue=5-6 |doi=10.1387/ijdb.072513cj |issn=0214-6282}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ou |first=Qiang |last2=Mayer |first2=Georg |date=2018-09-20 |title=A Cambrian unarmoured lobopodian, †Lenisambulatrix humboldti gen. et sp. nov., compared with new material of †Diania cactiformis |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y |issn=2045-2322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bergström |first=J.a.n. |last2=Hou |first2=Xian-Guang |date=2001-01 |title=Cambrian Onychophora or Xenusians |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00031 |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology |volume=240 |issue=3-4 |doi=10.1078/0044-5231-00031 |issn=0044-5231}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Jun-Yuan |date=2009 |title=The sudden appearance of diverse animal body plansduring the Cambrian explosion |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.072513cj |journal=The International Journal of Developmental Biology |volume=53 |issue=5-6 |doi=10.1387/ijdb.072513cj |issn=0214-6282}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=DALEY |first=ALLISON C. |last2=BUDD |first2=GRAHAM E. |date=2010-07-19 |title=New anomalocaridid appendages from the Burgess Shale, Canada |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00955.x |journal=Palaeontology |volume=53 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00955.x |issn=0031-0239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Jianni |last2=Dunlop |first2=Jason A. |date=2014-03 |title=Cambrian lobopodians: A review of recent progress in our understanding of their morphology and evolution |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=398 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008 |issn=0031-0182}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=WHITTLE |first=ROWAN J. |last2=GABBOTT |first2=SARAH E. |last3=ALDRIDGE |first3=RICHARD J. |last4=THERON |first4=JOHANNES |date=2009-05 |title=AN ORDOVICIAN LOBOPODIAN FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE, SOUTH AFRICA |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00860.x |journal=Palaeontology |volume=52 |issue=3 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00860.x |issn=0031-0239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Steiner |first=M. |last2=Hu |first2=S.X. |last3=Liu |first3=J. |last4=Keupp |first4=H. |date=2012-02-02 |title=A new species of Hallucigenia from the Cambrian Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation of Yunnan (South China) and the structure of sclerites in lobopodians |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1280 |journal=Bulletin of Geosciences |doi=10.3140/bull.geosci.1280 |issn=1802-8225}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Jianni |last2=Shu |first2=Degan |last3=Han |first3=Jian |last4=Zhang |first4=Zhifei |last5=Zhang |first5=Xingliang |date=2008-08 |title=Origin, diversification, and relationships of Cambrian lobopods |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.10.001 |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=14 |issue=1-2 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2007.10.001 |issn=1342-937X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Jun-Yuan |date=2011-12 |title=The origins and key innovations of vertebrates and arthropods |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2011.07.002 |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=20 |issue=4 |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2011.07.002 |issn=1871-174X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ramsköld |first=Lars |date=1992-10 |title=Homologies in Cambrian Onychophora |url=https://www.idunn.no/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01650.x |journal=Lethaia |volume=25 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01650.x |issn=0024-1164}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ma |first=Xiaoya |last2=Hou |first2=Xianguang |last3=Bergström |first3=Jan |date=2009-07 |title=Morphology of Luolishania longicruris (Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang Lagerstätte, SW China) and the phylogenetic relationships within lobopodians |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2009.03.001 |journal=Arthropod Structure &amp; 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<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Budd |first=Graham E. |last2=Mayer |first2=Georg |last3=Janssen |first3=Ralf |last4=Eriksson |first4=B. Joakim |date=2023-06-30 |title=Comment on “The lower Cambrian lobopodian''Cardiodictyon''resolves the origin of euarthropod brains” |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adg1412 |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6652 |doi=10.1126/science.adg1412 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Strausfeld |first=Nicholas J. |last2=Hou |first2=Xianguang |last3=Sayre |first3=Marcel E. |last4=Hirth |first4=Frank |date=2023-06-30 |title=Response to Comment on “The lower Cambrian lobopodian ''Cardiodictyon'' resolves the origin of euarthropod brains” |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adg6051 |journal=Science |volume=380 |issue=6652 |doi=10.1126/science.adg6051 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Briggs |first=Derek E. G. |last2=Parry |first2=Luke A. |date=2022-11-25 |title=Putting heads together |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add7372 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=378 |issue=6622 |doi=10.1126/science.add7372 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Jun-Yuan |date=2009 |title=The sudden appearance of diverse animal body plansduring the Cambrian explosion |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.072513cj |journal=The International Journal of Developmental Biology |volume=53 |issue=5-6 |doi=10.1387/ijdb.072513cj |issn=0214-6282}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ou |first=Qiang |last2=Mayer |first2=Georg |date=2018-09-20 |title=A Cambrian unarmoured lobopodian, †Lenisambulatrix humboldti gen. et sp. nov., compared with new material of †Diania cactiformis |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y |issn=2045-2322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bergström |first=J.a.n. |last2=Hou |first2=Xian-Guang |date=2001-01 |title=Cambrian Onychophora or Xenusians |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0044-5231-00031 |journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology |volume=240 |issue=3-4 |doi=10.1078/0044-5231-00031 |issn=0044-5231}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Jun-Yuan |date=2009 |title=The sudden appearance of diverse animal body plansduring the Cambrian explosion |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.072513cj |journal=The International Journal of Developmental Biology |volume=53 |issue=5-6 |doi=10.1387/ijdb.072513cj |issn=0214-6282}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=DALEY |first=ALLISON C. |last2=BUDD |first2=GRAHAM E. |date=2010-07-19 |title=New anomalocaridid appendages from the Burgess Shale, Canada |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00955.x |journal=Palaeontology |volume=53 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00955.x |issn=0031-0239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Jianni |last2=Dunlop |first2=Jason A. |date=2014-03 |title=Cambrian lobopodians: A review of recent progress in our understanding of their morphology and evolution |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=398 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008 |issn=0031-0182}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=WHITTLE |first=ROWAN J. |last2=GABBOTT |first2=SARAH E. |last3=ALDRIDGE |first3=RICHARD J. |last4=THERON |first4=JOHANNES |date=2009-05 |title=AN ORDOVICIAN LOBOPODIAN FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE, SOUTH AFRICA |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00860.x |journal=Palaeontology |volume=52 |issue=3 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00860.x |issn=0031-0239}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Steiner |first=M. |last2=Hu |first2=S.X. |last3=Liu |first3=J. |last4=Keupp |first4=H. |date=2012-02-02 |title=A new species of Hallucigenia from the Cambrian Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation of Yunnan (South China) and the structure of sclerites in lobopodians |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1280 |journal=Bulletin of Geosciences |doi=10.3140/bull.geosci.1280 |issn=1802-8225}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Jianni |last2=Shu |first2=Degan |last3=Han |first3=Jian |last4=Zhang |first4=Zhifei |last5=Zhang |first5=Xingliang |date=2008-08 |title=Origin, diversification, and relationships of Cambrian lobopods |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.10.001 |journal=Gondwana Research |volume=14 |issue=1-2 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2007.10.001 |issn=1342-937X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Jun-Yuan |date=2011-12 |title=The origins and key innovations of vertebrates and arthropods |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2011.07.002 |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=20 |issue=4 |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2011.07.002 |issn=1871-174X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ramsköld |first=Lars |date=1992-10 |title=Homologies in Cambrian Onychophora |url=https://www.idunn.no/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01650.x |journal=Lethaia |volume=25 |issue=4 |doi=10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01650.x |issn=0024-1164}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ma |first=Xiaoya |last2=Hou |first2=Xianguang |last3=Bergström |first3=Jan |date=2009-07 |title=Morphology of Luolishania longicruris (Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang Lagerstätte, SW China) and the phylogenetic relationships within lobopodians |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2009.03.001 |journal=Arthropod Structure &amp; Development |volume=38 |issue=4 |doi=10.1016/j.asd.2009.03.001 |issn=1467-8039}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter=The place of tardigrades in arthropod evolution|title=Arthropod Relationships|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4904-4_10|publisher=Springer Netherlands|date=1998|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-94-010-6057-8|pages=109–123|first=R. A.|last=Dewel|first2=W. C.|last2=Dewel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Han |first=Jian |last2=Shu |first2=Degan |last3=Zhang |first3=Zhifei |last4=Liu |first4=Jianni |last5=Zhang |first5=Xingliang |last6=Yao |first6=Yang |date=2006-10 |title=Preliminary notes on soft-bodied fossil concentrations from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240968448_Preliminary_notes_on_soft-bodied_fossil_concentrations_from_the_Early_Cambrian_Chengjiang_deposits |journal=Chinese Science Bulletin |volume=51 |issue=20 |doi=10.1007/s11434-005-2151-0 |issn=1001-6538}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hou |first=Xian‐Guang |last2=Ma |first2=Xiao‐Ya |last3=Zhao |first3=Jie |last4=Bergström |first4=Jan |date=2004-09 |title=The lobopodian''Paucipodia inermis'' from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, Yunnan, China |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00241160410006555 |journal=Lethaia |volume=37 |issue=3 |doi=10.1080/00241160410006555 |issn=0024-1164}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aria |first=Cédric |last2=Vannier |first2=Jean |last3=Park |first3=Tae‐Yoon S. |last4=Gaines |first4=Robert R. |date=2023-01-24 |title=Interpreting fossilized nervous tissues |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.202200167 |journal=BioEssays |volume=45 |issue=3 |doi=10.1002/bies.202200167 |issn=0265-9247}}</ref>


== 命名 ==
== 命名 ==

2023年12月11日 (一) 01:31的版本

鏈狀心網蟲
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
总门： 蜕皮动物总门 Ecdysozoa
演化支： 泛节肢动物 Panarthropoda
並系群： †葉足動物 Lobopodia
纲： †異蟲綱 Xenusia
目： †堅有爪目 Scleronychophora
演化支： †怪誕蟲類群 Hallucigeniids
科： †心網蟲科 Cardiodictyidae
Hou & Bergstrom, 1995 [1]
属： †心網蟲屬 Cardiodictyon
Hou, Ramsköld, and Bergström, 1991
种：
鏈狀心網蟲 C. catenulum
二名法
Cardiodictyon catenulum
Hou, Ramsköld, and Bergström, 1991

鏈狀心網蟲（學名：Cardiodictyon catenulum）是心網蟲科（學名：Cardiodictyidae）心網蟲屬（學名：Cardiodictyon）的單型物種，是在中國澄江化石地發現的。[2]有 21-24 對側板，尖向朝腹側和短而尖的背突。身體細長，沒有環紋。每一對板下方有一對長的腿。身體末端是鈍的，位於最後一對板的後方。 頭部區域拉長（箭頭狀），前部末端呈圓形。其頭部由一對大骨片保護，並具有分段排列的六角形骨片。[1]頭部前緣有雙重結構，並有一對眼點； 背板的形狀也被重新詮釋。嘴巴和肛門位於身體前後的末端。[3]NICHOLA在心網蟲的化石裡找到腦部結構，心網蟲有腦部結構。[4]

[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]

命名

是源自希臘語kardia是指心, 和dictyon是網子的意思。catenula是源自拉丁语, 意指小鍊條或是鐵鍊，是指心網蟲身上的一排一排的骨板。[2]

身體

心網蟲與其他有裝甲的葉足動物的不同之處在於節數量比較多和骨板的形狀。 它是該類群中較小的成員之一，完整標本的估計延伸長度約為3公分，身體直徑為 1 毫米。軀幹細長，前後逐漸變細。 成對的骨板沿著整個身體的間隔排列。 骨板對約為21~24排。 前軀幹端末端是在縱向細長的頭部， 的後軀幹末端是鈍的，軀幹末端位於最後一對板的後方。 縱向的中央暗帶，是指腸道，並延伸到前部和後部末端。 細長的軀幹末端有一條短尾巴，有23對六角形骨片和23對葉足類動物。 每個葉足動物的尖端都有四個（或者也許五個）爪子。[2][1]

附肢

心網蟲應該會有前兩對附肢，而第三對不確定。 頭部下方的附肢似乎向前彎曲，並且可能在功能上與葉足動物不同。[1]

分類

堅有爪目[1] 的關係圖:[24][25]

堅有爪目 Scleronychophora
始小貝科 Eoconchariidae 
 

微網蟲屬 Microdictyon 20210915_Microdictyon_sinicum_diagrammatic_reconstruction

 
 

方孔蟲屬 Quadratapora

 
 

Fusuconcharium

 
 
怪誕蟲類群 Hallucigeniids
 

怪誕蟲屬 Hallucigenia Hallucigenia_hongmeia

 
 

心網蟲屬 Cardiodictyon

 
 
 

Caron和Aria先前在泛節肢動物進化支中發現了心網蟲屬和石炭小管蟲屬以及怪誕蟲屬。 將這些屬納入增加了原本怪誕蟲類群底下的物種， 在Siveter等人的分析中，心網蟲屬於包括阿娜希塔女神蟲屬（Thanahita distos ）在內的怪誕蟲科演化支的外部，接近了演化支的主莖部。

資料來源

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 HOU, XIANGUANG; BERGSTRÖM, JAN. Cambrian lobopodians-ancestors of extant onychophorans? (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1995-05, 114 (1). ISSN 0024-4082. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 XIANGUANG, HOU; RAMSKÖLD, LARS; BERGSTRÖM, JAN. Composition and preservation of the Chengjiang fauna –a Lower Cambrian soft‐bodied biota. Zoologica Scripta. 1991-10, 20 (4). ISSN 0300-3256. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1991.tb00303.x. 
  3. ^ Liu, Jianni; Dunlop, Jason A. Cambrian lobopodians: A review of recent progress in our understanding of their morphology and evolution. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2014-03, 398. ISSN 0031-0182. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008. 
  4. ^ Fossil Defies So-Called Brain Evolution. www.icr.org. [2023-11-12] （英语）. 
  5. ^ Budd, Graham E.; Mayer, Georg; Janssen, Ralf; Eriksson, B. Joakim. Comment on “The lower Cambrian lobopodianCardiodictyonresolves the origin of euarthropod brains”. Science. 2023-06-30, 380 (6652). ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.adg1412. 
  6. ^ Strausfeld, Nicholas J.; Hou, Xianguang; Sayre, Marcel E.; Hirth, Frank. Response to Comment on “The lower Cambrian lobopodian Cardiodictyon resolves the origin of euarthropod brains”. Science. 2023-06-30, 380 (6652). ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.adg6051. 
  7. ^ Briggs, Derek E. G.; Parry, Luke A. Putting heads together. Science. 2022-11-25, 378 (6622). ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.add7372 （英语）. 
  8. ^ Chen, Jun-Yuan. The sudden appearance of diverse animal body plansduring the Cambrian explosion. The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 2009, 53 (5-6). ISSN 0214-6282. doi:10.1387/ijdb.072513cj. 
  9. ^ Ou, Qiang; Mayer, Georg. A Cambrian unarmoured lobopodian, †Lenisambulatrix humboldti gen. et sp. nov., compared with new material of †Diania cactiformis. Scientific Reports. 2018-09-20, 8 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y. 
  10. ^ Bergström, J.a.n.; Hou, Xian-Guang. Cambrian Onychophora or Xenusians. Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology. 2001-01, 240 (3-4). ISSN 0044-5231. doi:10.1078/0044-5231-00031. 
  11. ^ Chen, Jun-Yuan. The sudden appearance of diverse animal body plansduring the Cambrian explosion. The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 2009, 53 (5-6). ISSN 0214-6282. doi:10.1387/ijdb.072513cj. 
  12. ^ DALEY, ALLISON C.; BUDD, GRAHAM E. New anomalocaridid appendages from the Burgess Shale, Canada. Palaeontology. 2010-07-19, 53 (4). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00955.x. 
  13. ^ Liu, Jianni; Dunlop, Jason A. Cambrian lobopodians: A review of recent progress in our understanding of their morphology and evolution. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2014-03, 398. ISSN 0031-0182. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.008. 
  14. ^ WHITTLE, ROWAN J.; GABBOTT, SARAH E.; ALDRIDGE, RICHARD J.; THERON, JOHANNES. AN ORDOVICIAN LOBOPODIAN FROM THE SOOM SHALE LAGERSTÄTTE, SOUTH AFRICA. Palaeontology. 2009-05, 52 (3). ISSN 0031-0239. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00860.x. 
  15. ^ Steiner, M.; Hu, S.X.; Liu, J.; Keupp, H. A new species of Hallucigenia from the Cambrian Stage 4 Wulongqing Formation of Yunnan (South China) and the structure of sclerites in lobopodians. Bulletin of Geosciences. 2012-02-02. ISSN 1802-8225. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1280. 
  16. ^ Liu, Jianni; Shu, Degan; Han, Jian; Zhang, Zhifei; Zhang, Xingliang. Origin, diversification, and relationships of Cambrian lobopods. Gondwana Research. 2008-08, 14 (1-2). ISSN 1342-937X. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.10.001. 
  17. ^ Chen, Jun-Yuan. The origins and key innovations of vertebrates and arthropods. Palaeoworld. 2011-12, 20 (4). ISSN 1871-174X. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2011.07.002. 
  18. ^ Ramsköld, Lars. Homologies in Cambrian Onychophora. Lethaia. 1992-10, 25 (4). ISSN 0024-1164. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01650.x. 
  19. ^ Ma, Xiaoya; Hou, Xianguang; Bergström, Jan. Morphology of Luolishania longicruris (Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang Lagerstätte, SW China) and the phylogenetic relationships within lobopodians. Arthropod Structure & Development. 2009-07, 38 (4). ISSN 1467-8039. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2009.03.001. 
  20. ^ Dewel, R. A.; Dewel, W. C. The place of tardigrades in arthropod evolution. Arthropod Relationships. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 1998: 109–123. ISBN 978-94-010-6057-8. 
  21. ^ Han, Jian; Shu, Degan; Zhang, Zhifei; Liu, Jianni; Zhang, Xingliang; Yao, Yang. Preliminary notes on soft-bodied fossil concentrations from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2006-10, 51 (20). ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-005-2151-0. 
  22. ^ Hou, Xian‐Guang; Ma, Xiao‐Ya; Zhao, Jie; Bergström, Jan. The lobopodianPaucipodia inermis from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, Yunnan, China. Lethaia. 2004-09, 37 (3). ISSN 0024-1164. doi:10.1080/00241160410006555. 
  23. ^ Aria, Cédric; Vannier, Jean; Park, Tae‐Yoon S.; Gaines, Robert R. Interpreting fossilized nervous tissues. BioEssays. 2023-01-24, 45 (3). ISSN 0265-9247. doi:10.1002/bies.202200167. 
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  25. ^ Caron, Jean-Bernard; Aria, Cédric. Cambrian suspension-feeding lobopodians and the early radiation of panarthropods. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2017-01-31, 17 (1). ISSN 1471-2148. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0858-y. 
存在爭議的類群
西伯利亞蟲科（Siberiidae）的成員：勒奈克西伯利亞蟲（Siberion lenaicus，左上），美麗尖山葉足蟲（Jianshanopodia decora，右上），海口大網蟲（Megadictyon cf. haikouensis，下） 恐蝦綱（Dinocaridida）的成員：帝王歐巴賓海蠍（Opabinia regalis，上），惠廷頓厭惡蟲（Pambdelurion whittingtoni，左下），克爾凱郭爾宣揚爪蟲（Kerygmachela kierkegaardi，右下）
与有爪動物相关的類群
节肢动物门
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=心網蟲屬&oldid=80071795”