失认症 (英語:agnosia )是指由大脑 受损而导致的认知障碍。患者在意识正常、无感觉障碍的情况下,对传入的感觉刺激缺乏认识能力,包括物体失认、相貌失认、听觉失认等。[ 1] 須注意的是,此種辨識障礙並非因感覺缺失(如視野缺損,半側無知覺 )、智力退化、意識或注意力的異常,對該物體不熟悉而引起。而失認症通常只會在某項感覺模式缺損,因此無法透過一種感覺途徑(如視覺)辨識出的物體,可以透過另一種感覺途徑(如觸覺)來辨識。[ 2]
类型
运动失认(akinetopsia)[ 3]
病感失认(anosognosia)
统觉性视觉失认(apperceptive visual agnosia)[ 4]
联想性视觉失认(associative visual agnosia)
立体觉失认(astereognosis)
听觉失认(auditory agnosia)[ 5]
言语失认(auditory verbal agnosia)
自体失认(autotopagnosia)
皮质性色盲(cerebral achromatopsia)[ 6] [ 7]
皮性质聋(cortical deafness)
环境失认(environmental agnosia)[ 8]
手指失认(finger agnosia)
形状失认(form agnosia)
联合性失认(integrative agnosia)
痛觉失认(pain agnosia)
噪音失认(phonagnosia)[ 9]
脸盲 (prosopagnosia)
纯失读(pure alexia)[ 8]
语义失认(semantic agnosia)[ 10]
社会情绪失认(social-emotional agnosia)
画片中动作失认(simultanagnosia)[ 11]
触觉失认(tactile agnosia)[ 12]
时间失认(time agnosia)
地形定向障碍(topographical disorientation)[ 13]
视空间认知障碍(visuospatial dysgnosia)
视觉失认(visual agnosia)[ 14]
参考文献
^ AGNOSIA . [2015-09-02 ] . (原始内容 存档于2016-03-03).
^ 陳雅資 譯. 後天性言語和語言障礙. 台北: 合計圖書出版社. ISBN 978-986-126-983-2 .
^ Zeki, S. Cerebral akinetopsia (visual motion blindness) . Brain. 1991, 114 : 811–824. PMID 2043951 . doi:10.1093/brain/114.2.811 .
^ Riddoch MJ, Humphreys GW. Visual agnosia . Neurol Clin. May 2003, 21 (2): 501–20. PMID 12916489 . doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(02)00095-6 .
^ Vignolo, L. A. Auditory Agnosia. Biological Sciences. 1982, 298 (1089): 49–57. PMID 6125975 . doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0071 .
^ Cowey A, Alexander I, Heywood C, Kentridge R. Pupillary responses to coloured and contourless displays in total cerebral achromatopsia. Brain. August 2008, 131 (Pt 8): 2153–60. PMID 18550620 . doi:10.1093/brain/awn110 .
^ Woodward, T. S; M. J Dixon; K. T Mullen; K. M Christensen; D. N. Bub. Analysis of errors in color agnosia: A single case study. Neurocase. 1999, 5 : 95–108. doi:10.1093/neucas/5.2.95 .
^ 8.0 8.1 Burns, MS. Clinical management of agnosia . Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004, 11 (1): 1–9 [2015-09-02 ] . PMID 14872395 . doi:10.1310/N13K-YKYQ-3XX1-NFAV . (原始内容 存档于2013-01-28).
^ Van Lancker DR, Cummings JL, Kreiman J, Dobkin BH. Phonagnosia: a dissociation between familiar and unfamiliar voices. Cortex. June 1988, 24 (2): 195–209. PMID 3416603 . doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(88)80029-7 .
^ Magnié MN, Ferreira CT, Giusiano B, Poncet M. Category specificity in object agnosia: preservation of sensorimotor experiences related to objects . Neuropsychologia. January 1999, 37 (1): 67–74 [2015-09-02 ] . PMID 9920472 . doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(98)00045-1 . (原始内容存档 于2019-12-05).
^ Coslett HB, Saffran E. Simultanagnosia. To see but not two see. Brain. August 1991, 114 (4): 1523–45. PMID 1884165 . doi:10.1093/brain/114.4.1523 .
^ Reed CL, Caselli RJ, Farah MJ. Tactile agnosia. Underlying impairment and implications for normal tactile object recognition. Brain. June 1996, 119 (3): 875–88. PMID 8673499 . doi:10.1093/brain/119.3.875 .
^ Mendez, Mario F; Cherrier, Monique M. Agnosia for scenes in topographagnosia. Neuropsychologia: 1387–1395. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00041-1 .
^ Greene JD. Apraxia, agnosias, and higher visual function abnormalities . J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. December 2005, 76 (Suppl 5): v25–34. PMC 1765708 . PMID 16291919 . doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.081885 .
外部連結