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OpenAI：修订间差异

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小 →2020年至今：ChatGPT、Sora、DALL-E以及与微軟的合作伙伴关系：​ 新增OpenAI於2024年11月收購Chat.com的資訊
（未显示29个用户的40个中间版本）
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}}
}}
{{distinguish|OpenAL|OPENsi}}
{{distinguish|OpenAL|OPENsi}}
{{Current|time=2023-11-22T07:13:07+00:00}}
{{Expand language|1=en|time=2020-09-08T02:56:14+00:00}}{{-}}
{{Infobox non-profit
{{Infobox non-profit
| name = OpenAI
| name = OpenAI
第18行： 第16行：
| [[伊爾亞·蘇茨克維]]
| [[伊爾亞·蘇茨克維]]
| [[格雷格·布羅克曼]]
| [[格雷格·布羅克曼]]
| {{le|沃伊切赫·薩倫巴|Wojciech Zaremba}}
| [[沃伊切赫·薩倫巴]]
| [[伊隆·马斯克]] - 起名者<ref>[https://finance.mingpao.com/fin/instantf/20240620/1718847981727 馬斯克：OpenAI的名字是我取的 創建它是為了對抗Google] {{Wayback|url=https://finance.mingpao.com/fin/instantf/20240620/1718847981727 |date=20241004112008 }}，2024年6月20日，明報</ref>
| [[伊隆·马斯克]]
| [[约翰·舒曼]]
| [[约翰·舒曼]]
| [[安德烈·卡帕斯]]<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=2015-12-12 |title=Introducing OpenAI |url=https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=OpenAI |language=en |archive-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808104802/https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| [[安德烈·卡帕斯]]<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=2015-12-12 |title=Introducing OpenAI |url=https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=OpenAI |language=en |archive-date=August 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808104802/https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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| origins =
| origins =
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list
| 格雷格·布洛克曼 (前[[主席]])
| 格雷格·布洛克曼（前[[董事长]]）
| {{le|布雷特·泰勒|Bret Taylor}}（[[董事长]]）
| 萨姆·阿尔特曼 ([[首席执行官|CEO]])
| 伊爾亞·蘇茨克維 (首席科學官)
| 萨姆·阿尔特曼（[[首席执行官]]）
| [[米拉·穆拉蒂]] ([[首席技术官|CTO]])}}
| 伊爾亞·蘇茨克維（首席科學官）
| [[米拉·穆拉蒂]]（[[首席技术官]]）}}
| area_served =
| area_served =
| products = {{Unbulleted list
| products = {{tsl|en|OpenAI Five||OpenAI Five}}
{{flatlist|
| [[GPT-4]]
* [[GPT-1]]
⚫
| [[Sora (人工智能模型)|Sora]]
* [[GPT-2|2]]
* [[GPT-3|3]]
* [[GPT-4|4]]
⚫
}}
{{Unbulleted list
| [[DALL-E]]
| [[DALL-E]]
| [[OpenAI Five]]
⚫
| [[ChatGPT]]
| [[OpenAI Codex]]
| [[OpenAI Codex]]
⚫
| [[ChatGPT]]
⚫
| [[Sora (人工智能模型)|Sora]]
}}
}}
| services =[[聊天机器人]]
| services =[[聊天机器人]]
第52行： 第56行：
| endowment = $10亿元承诺资金（2015）
| endowment = $10亿元承诺资金（2015）
| num_volunteers =
| num_volunteers =
| num_employees = 770（2023-11-20）<ref>{{Cite news|title=不放棄讓奧特曼回鍋！700員工威脅跳槽微軟 金主恐提告OpenAI|url=https://udn.com/news/story/6811/7587828|newspaper=聯合報|date=2023-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Roose |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Roose |date=February 3, 2023 |title=How ChatGPT Kicked Off an A.I. Arms Race |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/03/technology/chatgpt-openai-artificial-intelligence.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308162500/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/03/technology/chatgpt-openai-artificial-intelligence.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| num_employees = 770（2023-11-20）<ref>{{Cite news|title=不放棄讓奧特曼回鍋！700員工威脅跳槽微軟 金主恐提告OpenAI|url=https://udn.com/news/story/6811/7587828|newspaper=聯合報|date=2023-11-21|accessdate=2023-11-21|archive-date=2023-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129044310/https://udn.com/news/story/6811/7587828|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Roose |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Roose |date=February 3, 2023 |title=How ChatGPT Kicked Off an A.I. Arms Race |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/03/technology/chatgpt-openai-artificial-intelligence.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308162500/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/03/technology/chatgpt-openai-artificial-intelligence.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| num_members =
| num_members =
| subsid =
| subsid =
第65行： 第69行：
|affiliations=
|affiliations=
|现任领导=[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]
|现任领导=[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]
|组织標誌=OpenAI Logo.svg
| logo = OpenAI Logo.svg
⚫
| logo_size = 250px
|logo=OpenAI Logo.svg
⚫
|logo_size=
|map=Pioneer Building, San Francisco (2019) -1.jpg
|map=Pioneer Building, San Francisco (2019) -1.jpg
|map_caption=位于旧金山先锋大厦的总部
|map_caption=位于旧金山先锋大厦的总部
|map_size=275px
|map_size=275px
}}{{Infobox YouTube personality|name=OpenAI|honorific_suffix=@OpenAI|handle=OpenAI|subscribers=118萬|subscriber_date=2024年05月31日|views=48,425,508次|view_date=2024年05月31日|silver_button=yes|gold_button=yes|gold_year=2024/05/14|diamond_button=no|stats_update=2024年05月31日}}
⚫
}}
'''{{lang|en|OpenAI}}'''，[[中国大陆]]译为'''开放人工智能研究中心'''<ref>{{cite news |editor=邱丽芳 |title=AI语言模型在智商测试中胜过人类-新华网 |url=http://www.news.cn/tech/2022-12/30/c_1129244462.htm |accessdate=2023-07-14 |work=新华网 |agency=[[新华社]] |date=2022-12-30 |location=中国北京 |archive-date=2023-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714064413/http://www.news.cn/tech/2022-12/30/c_1129244462.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2023-01-29/2645997.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2023-02-05 |archive-date=2023-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205120639/https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2023-01-29/2645997.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>，是一個[[美国]][[人工智能]]研究實驗室，由[[非營利組織|非營利]]組織OpenAI Inc，和其營利組織[[子公司]]OpenAI LP所組成。OpenAI 進行 [[人工智能|AI]] 研究的目的是促進和发展{{link-en|友好的人工智能|Friendly artificial intelligence}}，使人类整体受益。 OpenAI 系統運行在[[微軟]]基於 [[Microsoft Azure|Azure]] 的[[超级计算机|超級計算]]平台上<ref name="Langston 2023">{{cite web | last=Langston | first=Jennifer | title=Microsoft announces new supercomputer, lays out vision for future AI work | website=Source | date=2023-01-11 | quote=Built in collaboration with and exclusively for OpenAI | url=https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/openai-azure-supercomputer/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210180449/https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/openai-azure-supercomputer/ | archive-date=February 10, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=2023-02-10 }}</ref><ref name="Foley 2020">{{cite web | last=Foley | first=Mary Jo | title=Microsoft builds a supercomputer for OpenAI for training massive AI models | website=ZDNET | date=2020-05-19 | quote= | url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-builds-a-supercomputer-for-openai-for-training-massive-ai-models/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210180846/https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-builds-a-supercomputer-for-openai-for-training-massive-ai-models/ | archive-date=February 10, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=2023-02-10 }}</ref><ref name="Engadget 2020">{{cite web | title=Microsoft's OpenAI supercomputer has 285,000 CPU cores, 10,000 GPUs | quote=Microsoft's OpenAI supercomputer has 285,000 CPU cores, 10,000 GPUs. It's one of the five fastest systems in the world. | website=Engadget | date=2020-05-19 | url=https://www.engadget.com/microsoft-openai-supercomputer-azure-150001119.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210180859/https://www.engadget.com/microsoft-openai-supercomputer-azure-150001119.html | archive-date=February 10, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=2023-02-10 }}</ref>。
'''{{lang|en|OpenAI}}'''，[[中国大陆]]译为'''开放人工智能研究中心'''<ref>{{cite news |editor=邱丽芳 |title=AI语言模型在智商测试中胜过人类-新华网 |url=http://www.news.cn/tech/2022-12/30/c_1129244462.htm |accessdate=2023-07-14 |work=新华网 |agency=[[新华社]] |date=2022-12-30 |location=中国北京 |archive-date=2023-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714064413/http://www.news.cn/tech/2022-12/30/c_1129244462.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2023-01-29/2645997.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2023-02-05 |archive-date=2023-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205120639/https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2023-01-29/2645997.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>，是一個[[美国]][[人工智能]]研究實驗室，由[[非營利組織|非營利]]組織OpenAI Inc，和其營利組織[[子公司]]OpenAI LP所組成。OpenAI進行[[人工智能|AI]]研究的目的是促進和发展{{link-en|友好的人工智能|Friendly artificial intelligence}}，使人类整体受益。OpenAI系統運行在[[微軟]]基於[[Microsoft Azure|Azure]]的[[超级计算机|超級計算]]平台上<ref name="Langston 2023">{{cite web | last=Langston | first=Jennifer | title=Microsoft announces new supercomputer, lays out vision for future AI work | website=Source | date=2023-01-11 | quote=Built in collaboration with and exclusively for OpenAI | url=https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/openai-azure-supercomputer/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210180449/https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/openai-azure-supercomputer/ | archive-date=February 10, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=2023-02-10 }}</ref><ref name="Foley 2020">{{cite web | last=Foley | first=Mary Jo | title=Microsoft builds a supercomputer for OpenAI for training massive AI models | website=ZDNET | date=2020-05-19 | quote= | url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-builds-a-supercomputer-for-openai-for-training-massive-ai-models/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210180846/https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-builds-a-supercomputer-for-openai-for-training-massive-ai-models/ | archive-date=February 10, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=2023-02-10 }}</ref><ref name="Engadget 2020">{{cite web | title=Microsoft's OpenAI supercomputer has 285,000 CPU cores, 10,000 GPUs | quote=Microsoft's OpenAI supercomputer has 285,000 CPU cores, 10,000 GPUs. It's one of the five fastest systems in the world. | website=Engadget | date=2020-05-19 | url=https://www.engadget.com/microsoft-openai-supercomputer-azure-150001119.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210180859/https://www.engadget.com/microsoft-openai-supercomputer-azure-150001119.html | archive-date=February 10, 2023 | url-status=live | access-date=2023-02-10 }}</ref>。


該組織於2015年由[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]、[[里德·霍夫曼]]、{{le|傑西卡·利文斯頓|Jessica Livingston}}、[[伊隆·马斯克]]、[[伊爾亞·蘇茨克維]]、{{le|沃伊切赫·薩倫巴|Wojciech Zaremba}}、[[彼得·泰爾]] 等人<ref>{{cite magazine|title=SAM ALTMAN ON HIS PLAN TO KEEP A.I. OUT OF THE HANDS OF THE "BAD GUYS|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/12/sam-altman-elon-musk-openai|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=2015|access-date=January 23, 2023|archive-date=February 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201103/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/12/sam-altman-elon-musk-openai|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |date=January 25, 2023 |title=OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT: What all it does, how it started and more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/openai-the-company-behind-chatgpt-what-all-it-does-how-it-started-and-more/articleshow/97297027.cms |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/openai-the-company-behind-chatgpt-what-all-it-does-how-it-started-and-more/articleshow/97297027.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>在[[旧金山]]成立，他們共同認捐了10億美元。 微軟在2019年向OpenAI LP提供了10億美元的投資，並在2023年1月向其提供了第二筆多年投資，據報導為100億美元<ref>{{Cite web |last=Browne |first=Ryan |title=Microsoft reportedly plans to invest $10 billion in creator of buzzy A.I. tool ChatGPT |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/10/microsoft-to-invest-10-billion-in-chatgpt-creator-openai-report-says.html |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201055/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/10/microsoft-to-invest-10-billion-in-chatgpt-creator-openai-report-says.html |url-status=live }}</ref>， 用於獨家訪問[[GPT-4]]，這將為微軟自己的[[Microsoft Bing|Bing]] Prometheus模型提供支持<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |date=2023-03-14 |title=Microsoft's new Bing was using GPT-4 all along |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/14/microsofts-new-bing-was-using-gpt-4-all-along/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315013650/https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/14/microsofts-new-bing-was-using-gpt-4-all-along/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
該組織於2015年由[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]、[[里德·霍夫曼]]、{{le|傑西卡·利文斯頓|Jessica Livingston}}、[[伊隆·马斯克]]、[[伊爾亞·蘇茨克維]]、[[沃伊切赫·薩倫巴]]、[[彼得·泰爾]]等人<ref>{{cite magazine|title=SAM ALTMAN ON HIS PLAN TO KEEP A.I. OUT OF THE HANDS OF THE "BAD GUYS|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/12/sam-altman-elon-musk-openai|magazine=Vanity Fair|date=2015|access-date=January 23, 2023|archive-date=February 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201103/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/12/sam-altman-elon-musk-openai|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |first3= |date=January 25, 2023 |title=OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT: What all it does, how it started and more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/openai-the-company-behind-chatgpt-what-all-it-does-how-it-started-and-more/articleshow/97297027.cms |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201056/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/openai-the-company-behind-chatgpt-what-all-it-does-how-it-started-and-more/articleshow/97297027.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>在[[旧金山]]成立，他們共同認捐了10億美元。微軟在2019年向OpenAI LP提供了10億美元的投資，並在2023年1月向其提供了第二筆多年投資，據報導為100億美元<ref>{{Cite web |last=Browne |first=Ryan |title=Microsoft reportedly plans to invest $10 billion in creator of buzzy A.I. tool ChatGPT |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/10/microsoft-to-invest-10-billion-in-chatgpt-creator-openai-report-says.html |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201055/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/10/microsoft-to-invest-10-billion-in-chatgpt-creator-openai-report-says.html |url-status=live }}</ref>，用於獨家授權使用[[GPT-4]]，這將為微軟自己的[[Microsoft Bing|Bing]] Prometheus模型提供支持<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lardinois |first=Frederic |date=2023-03-14 |title=Microsoft's new Bing was using GPT-4 all along |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/14/microsofts-new-bing-was-using-gpt-4-all-along/ |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315013650/https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/14/microsofts-new-bing-was-using-gpt-4-all-along/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


== 历史 ==
== 历史 ==
=== 2015–2018年：作为非营利机构起步 ===
=== 2015–2018年：作为非营利机构起步 ===
2015年底，萨姆·阿尔特曼、格雷格·布洛克曼、里德·霍夫曼、杰西卡·利文斯顿、彼得·蒂尔、伊隆·马斯克、[[亚马逊云计算服务|亚马逊网络服务]]（AWS）、[[印孚瑟斯]]和[[Y Combinator|YC Research]]宣布<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 12, 2015|title=Introducing OpenAI|url=https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808104802/https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai/|archive-date=August 8, 2017|access-date=December 23, 2022|website=OpenAI|language=en}}</ref>成立OpenAI，并承诺向这个项目投入超过10亿美元。该组织表示将通过向公众开放其专利和研究，并与其他机构和研究者“自由合作”<ref>{{cite web|date=December 12, 2015|title=Introducing OpenAI|url=https://blog.openai.com/introducing-openai/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224031626/https://blog.openai.com/introducing-openai/|archive-date=February 24, 2019|access-date=September 29, 2018|website=OpenAI Blog}}</ref><ref name="bbc-giants2">{{cite news|date=December 12, 2015|title=Tech giants pledge $1bn for 'altruistic AI' venture, OpenAI|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35082344|url-status=live|access-date=December 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314021831/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35082344|archive-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref>。OpenAI的总部设于旧金山教会区的先锋大厦。<ref name="bbc-giants" /><ref name=":0" />
2015年底，萨姆·阿尔特曼、格雷格·布洛克曼、里德·霍夫曼、杰西卡·利文斯顿、彼得·蒂尔、伊隆·马斯克、[[亚马逊云计算服务|亚马逊网络服务]]（AWS）、[[印孚瑟斯]]和[[Y Combinator|YC Research]]宣布<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 12, 2015|title=Introducing OpenAI|url=https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808104802/https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai/|archive-date=August 8, 2017|access-date=December 23, 2022|website=OpenAI|language=en}}</ref>成立OpenAI，并承诺向这个项目投入超过10亿美元。该组织表示将通过向公众开放其专利和研究，并与其他机构和研究者“自由合作”<ref>{{cite web|date=December 12, 2015|title=Introducing OpenAI|url=https://blog.openai.com/introducing-openai/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224031626/https://blog.openai.com/introducing-openai/|archive-date=February 24, 2019|access-date=September 29, 2018|website=OpenAI Blog}}</ref><ref name="bbc-giants2">{{cite news|date=December 12, 2015|title=Tech giants pledge $1bn for 'altruistic AI' venture, OpenAI|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35082344|url-status=live|access-date=December 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314021831/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35082344|archive-date=March 14, 2018}}</ref>。OpenAI的总部设于旧金山教会区的先锋大厦。<ref name="bbc-giants">{{cite news|title=Tech giants pledge $1bn for 'altruistic AI' venture, OpenAI|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35082344|access-date=December 19, 2015|work=[[BBC News]]|date=December 12, 2015|archive-date=March 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314021831/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35082344|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" />


据《[[连线]]》杂志报道，布洛克曼会见了深度学习“创始人”之一的[[约书亚·本希奥]]，并列出了该领域的“最佳研究者”名单。<ref name="wired_inside2">{{cite magazine|author1=Cade Metz|date=April 27, 2016|title=Inside OpenAI, Elon Musk's Wild Plan to Set Artificial Intelligence Free|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/openai-elon-musk-sam-altman-plan-to-set-artificial-intelligence-free/|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162700/http://www.wired.com/2016/04/openai-elon-musk-sam-altman-plan-to-set-artificial-intelligence-free/|archive-date=April 27, 2016|access-date=April 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>在2015年12月，布洛克曼成功聘请了其中的九位作为首批员工。2016年，OpenAI支付了公司级别（而非营利组织级别）的薪水，但并未支付与[[Meta Platforms|Facebook]]或[[Google|谷歌]]相当的AI研究者薪水。<ref name="wired_inside22" />
据《[[连线]]》杂志报道，布洛克曼会见了深度学习“创始人”之一的[[约书亚·本希奥]]，并列出了该领域的“最佳研究者”名单。<ref name="wired_inside2">{{cite magazine|author1=Cade Metz|date=April 27, 2016|title=Inside OpenAI, Elon Musk's Wild Plan to Set Artificial Intelligence Free|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/openai-elon-musk-sam-altman-plan-to-set-artificial-intelligence-free/|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162700/http://www.wired.com/2016/04/openai-elon-musk-sam-altman-plan-to-set-artificial-intelligence-free/|archive-date=April 27, 2016|access-date=April 28, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>在2015年12月，布洛克曼成功聘请了其中的九位作为首批员工。2016年，OpenAI支付了公司级别（而非营利组织级别）的薪水，但并未支付与[[Meta Platforms|Facebook]]或[[Google|谷歌]]相当的AI研究者薪水。<ref name="wired_inside22" />


[[微软]]的Peter Lee表示，顶级AI研究者的成本超过了顶级[[國家美式橄欖球聯盟|NFL]]四分卫新秀的成本。<ref name="wired_inside23" />OpenAI的潜力和使命吸引了这些研究者来到这个公司；一位谷歌员工表示，他愿意离开谷歌去OpenAI，"部分原因是因为那里有一群非常强大的人，而更大程度上，是因为它的使命。"<ref name="wired_inside24" /> 布洛克曼表示，"我能想象到的最好的事情就是以安全的方式推动人类更接近真正的AI。"<ref name="wired_inside25" /> OpenAI联合创始人沃伊切赫·扎伦巴表示，他拒绝了"近乎疯狂"的报价，这些报价是他市场价值的两到三倍，而他选择加入OpenAI。<ref name="wired_inside26" />
[[微软]]的Peter Lee表示，顶级AI研究者的成本超过了顶级[[國家美式橄欖球聯盟|NFL]]四分卫新秀的成本。<ref name="wired_inside23" />OpenAI的潜力和使命吸引了这些研究者来到这个公司；一位谷歌员工表示，他愿意离开谷歌去OpenAI，“部分原因是因为那里有一群非常强大的人，而更大程度上，是因为它的使命。”<ref name="wired_inside24" />布洛克曼表示，"我能想象到的最好的事情就是以安全的方式推动人类更接近真正的AI。"<ref name="wired_inside25" />OpenAI联合创始人沃伊切赫·扎伦巴表示，他拒绝了"近乎疯狂"的报价，这些报价是他市场价值的两到三倍，而他选择加入OpenAI。<ref name="wired_inside26" />


2016年，OpenAI 宣称将制造“通用”机器人，希望能够预防人工智能的灾难性影响，推动人工智能发挥积极作用。<ref>{{Cite web |last=网易 |date=2016-06-21 |title=OpenAI宣称将制造“通用”机器人 |url=https://www.163.com/tech/article/BQ2HQGHC00097U81.html |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=www.163.com |archive-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213115838/https://www.163.com/tech/article/BQ2HQGHC00097U81.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> 4月，OpenAI发布了"OpenAI Gym"的公共测试版，这是其强化学习研究平台。<ref name=":02" />12月，OpenAI发布了"Universe"，这是一个软件平台，用于测量和训练AI在全球游戏、网站和其他应用中的通用智能。<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Metz|first1=Cade|title=Elon Musk's Lab Wants to Teach Computers to Use Apps Just Like Humans Do|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/12/openais-universe-computers-learn-use-apps-like-humans/|magazine=WIRED|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113173007/https://www.wired.com/2016/12/openais-universe-computers-learn-use-apps-like-humans/|archive-date=January 13, 2019|access-date=December 31, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/05/openais-universe-is-the-fun-parent-every-artificial-intelligence-deserves/|title=OpenAI's Universe is the fun parent every artificial intelligence deserves|last1=Mannes|first1=John|work=TechCrunch|access-date=December 31, 2016|archive-date=February 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219080426/https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/05/openais-universe-is-the-fun-parent-every-artificial-intelligence-deserves/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=OpenAI – Universe|url=https://universe.openai.com/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101001551/https://universe.openai.com/|archive-date=January 1, 2017|access-date=December 31, 2016|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Claburn|first1=Thomas|title=Elon Musk-backed OpenAI reveals Universe – a universal training ground for computers|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/12/05/openai_universe_reinforcement_learning/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101002022/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/12/05/openai_universe_reinforcement_learning/|archive-date=January 1, 2017|access-date=December 31, 2016|website=The Register}}</ref>
2016年，OpenAI宣称将制造“通用”机器人，希望能够预防人工智能的灾难性影响，推动人工智能发挥积极作用。<ref>{{Cite web |last=网易 |date=2016-06-21 |title=OpenAI宣称将制造“通用”机器人 |url=https://www.163.com/tech/article/BQ2HQGHC00097U81.html |access-date=2022-12-13 |website=www.163.com |archive-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213115838/https://www.163.com/tech/article/BQ2HQGHC00097U81.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>4月，OpenAI发布了“OpenAI Gym”的公共测试版，这是其强化学习研究平台。<ref name=":02" /> 12月，OpenAI发布了“Universe”，这是一个软件平台，用于测量和训练AI在全球游戏、网站和其他应用中的通用智能。<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Metz|first1=Cade|title=Elon Musk's Lab Wants to Teach Computers to Use Apps Just Like Humans Do|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/12/openais-universe-computers-learn-use-apps-like-humans/|magazine=WIRED|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113173007/https://www.wired.com/2016/12/openais-universe-computers-learn-use-apps-like-humans/|archive-date=January 13, 2019|access-date=December 31, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/05/openais-universe-is-the-fun-parent-every-artificial-intelligence-deserves/|title=OpenAI's Universe is the fun parent every artificial intelligence deserves|last1=Mannes|first1=John|work=TechCrunch|access-date=December 31, 2016|archive-date=February 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219080426/https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/05/openais-universe-is-the-fun-parent-every-artificial-intelligence-deserves/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=OpenAI – Universe|url=https://universe.openai.com/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101001551/https://universe.openai.com/|archive-date=January 1, 2017|access-date=December 31, 2016|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Claburn|first1=Thomas|title=Elon Musk-backed OpenAI reveals Universe – a universal training ground for computers|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/12/05/openai_universe_reinforcement_learning/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101002022/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/12/05/openai_universe_reinforcement_learning/|archive-date=January 1, 2017|access-date=December 31, 2016|website=The Register}}</ref>


2017年，OpenAI僅在雲計算上就花費了$790萬美元，佔其職能支出的四分之一<ref>{{cite news|date=July 22, 2019|title=Microsoft to invest $1&nbsp;billion in OpenAI|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-openai/microsoft-to-invest-1-billion-in-openai-idUSKCN1UH1H9|access-date=March 6, 2020|archive-date=May 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525132055/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-openai/microsoft-to-invest-1-billion-in-openai-idUSKCN1UH1H9|url-status=live}}</ref>。 相比之下，[[DeepMind]]2017年的總支出為$4.42億美元。 2018年夏天，僅僅訓練 OpenAI 的 [[Dota 2]]機器人就需要從[[谷歌]]租用128,000個CPU和256個GPU，持续数周。
2017年，OpenAI僅在雲計算上就花費了$790萬美元，佔其職能支出的四分之一<ref>{{cite news|date=July 22, 2019|title=Microsoft to invest $1&nbsp;billion in OpenAI|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-openai/microsoft-to-invest-1-billion-in-openai-idUSKCN1UH1H9|access-date=March 6, 2020|archive-date=May 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525132055/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-openai/microsoft-to-invest-1-billion-in-openai-idUSKCN1UH1H9|url-status=live}}</ref>。相比之下，[[DeepMind]]2017年的總支出為$4.42億美元。2018年夏天，僅僅訓練OpenAI的[[Dota 2]]機器人就需要從[[谷歌]]租用128,000個CPU和256個GPU，持续数周。


2018年2月，馬斯克辭去了董事會席位，理由是與他作為特斯拉首席執行官的角色存在“潛在的[[利益衝突|未來（利益）衝突]]”<ref name="musk_resigns">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/21/17036214/elon-musk-openai-ai-safety-leaves-board|title=Elon Musk leaves board of AI safety group to avoid conflict of interest with Tesla|first=James|last=Vincent|date=February 21, 2018|website=The Verge|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109015711/https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/21/17036214/elon-musk-openai-ai-safety-leaves-board|url-status=live}}</ref>因为特斯拉為[[特斯拉自动驾驶|自動駕駛汽車開發人工智能]]，萨姆·阿尔特曼聲稱馬斯克認為 OpenAI 已經落後於谷歌等其他公司，馬斯克提議自己接管 OpenAI，但董事會拒絕了。馬斯克隨後將離開 OpenAI，但聲稱仍然是捐贈者，但在他離開後沒有進行任何捐贈<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=The secret history of Elon Musk, Sam Altman, and OpenAI {{!}} Semafor |url=https://www.semafor.com/article/03/24/2023/the-secret-history-of-elon-musk-sam-altman-and-openai |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=www.semafor.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327110022/https://www.semafor.com/article/03/24/2023/the-secret-history-of-elon-musk-sam-altman-and-openai |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
2018年2月，馬斯克辭去了董事會席位，理由是與他作為特斯拉首席執行官的角色存在“潛在的[[利益衝突|未來（利益）衝突]]”<ref name="musk_resigns">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/21/17036214/elon-musk-openai-ai-safety-leaves-board|title=Elon Musk leaves board of AI safety group to avoid conflict of interest with Tesla|first=James|last=Vincent|date=February 21, 2018|website=The Verge|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109015711/https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/21/17036214/elon-musk-openai-ai-safety-leaves-board|url-status=live}}</ref>因为特斯拉為[[特斯拉自动驾驶|自動駕駛汽車開發人工智能]]，萨姆·阿尔特曼聲稱馬斯克認為OpenAI已經落後於谷歌等其他公司，馬斯克提議自己接管OpenAI，但董事會拒絕了。馬斯克隨後將離開OpenAI，但聲稱仍然是捐贈者，但在他離開後沒有進行任何捐贈<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=The secret history of Elon Musk, Sam Altman, and OpenAI {{!}} Semafor |url=https://www.semafor.com/article/03/24/2023/the-secret-history-of-elon-musk-sam-altman-and-openai |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=www.semafor.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327110022/https://www.semafor.com/article/03/24/2023/the-secret-history-of-elon-musk-sam-altman-and-openai |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


=== 2019年：向营利性公司转型 ===
=== 2019年：向营利性公司转型 ===
2019年3月1日成立OpenAI LP子公司，目的為營利所用。<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-31 |title=About OpenAI LP |url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-lp/ |website=About OpenAI |language=en |access-date=2022-07-31 |archive-date=2019-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311161512/https://openai.com/blog/openai-lp/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
2019年3月1日成立OpenAI LP子公司，目的為營利所用。<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-31 |title=About OpenAI LP |url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-lp/ |website=About OpenAI |language=en |access-date=2022-07-31 |archive-date=2019-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311161512/https://openai.com/blog/openai-lp/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>


該公司隨後向其員工分配[[所有者權益|股權]]並與微軟合作，宣布向該公司投資 10 億美元。2019年7月22日[[微軟]]投資OpenAI $10億美元，雙方將攜手合作替Azure雲端平台服務開發人工智慧技術<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-22 |title=Microsoft invests in and partners with OpenAI |url=https://openai.com/blog/microsoft-invests-in-and-partners-with-openai |language=en |url-status=no |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228125554/https://openai.com/blog/microsoft-invests-in-and-partners-with-openai }}</ref>。OpenAI 還宣布打算對其技術進行商業許可<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=July 22, 2019 |title=Microsoft Invests in and Partners with OpenAI to Support Us Building Beneficial AGI |url=https://openai.com/blog/microsoft/ |access-date=February 21, 2020 |website=OpenAI |language=en |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230518/https://openai.com/blog/microsoft/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 OpenAI 計劃“在五年內，而且可能更快”花費這 $10 億美元<ref>{{cite news |last1=Murgia |first1=Madhumita |date=August 7, 2019 |title=DeepMind runs up higher losses and debts in race for AI |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d4280856-b92d-11e9-8a88-aa6628ac896c |access-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-date=December 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226185727/https://www.ft.com/content/d4280856-b92d-11e9-8a88-aa6628ac896c |url-status=live }}</ref>。 [[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]表示，即使是 10 億美元也可能不夠，實驗室最終可能需要“比任何非營利組織籌集到的資金都多的資金”來實現[[通用人工智慧]]<ref>{{cite news |title=OpenAI Will Need More Capital Than Any Non-Profit Has Ever Raised |language=en |work=Fortune |url=https://fortune.com/2019/10/03/openai-will-need-more-capital-than-any-non-profit-has-ever-raised/ |access-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-date=December 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208040513/https://fortune.com/2019/10/03/openai-will-need-more-capital-than-any-non-profit-has-ever-raised/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。
該公司隨後向其員工分配[[所有者權益|股權]]並與微軟合作，宣布向該公司投資10億美元。2019年7月22日[[微軟]]投資OpenAI $10億美元，雙方將攜手合作替Azure雲端平台服務開發人工智慧技術<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-22 |title=Microsoft invests in and partners with OpenAI |url=https://openai.com/blog/microsoft-invests-in-and-partners-with-openai |language=en |url-status=no |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228125554/https://openai.com/blog/microsoft-invests-in-and-partners-with-openai }}</ref>。OpenAI還宣布打算對其技術進行商業許可<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=July 22, 2019 |title=Microsoft Invests in and Partners with OpenAI to Support Us Building Beneficial AGI |url=https://openai.com/blog/microsoft/ |access-date=February 21, 2020 |website=OpenAI |language=en |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230518/https://openai.com/blog/microsoft/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。OpenAI計劃“在五年內，而且可能更快”花費這10億美元<ref>{{cite news |last1=Murgia |first1=Madhumita |date=August 7, 2019 |title=DeepMind runs up higher losses and debts in race for AI |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d4280856-b92d-11e9-8a88-aa6628ac896c |access-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-date=December 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226185727/https://www.ft.com/content/d4280856-b92d-11e9-8a88-aa6628ac896c |url-status=live }}</ref>。[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]表示，即使是10億美元也可能不夠，實驗室最終可能需要“比任何非營利組織籌集到的資金都多的資金”來實現[[通用人工智慧]]<ref>{{cite news |title=OpenAI Will Need More Capital Than Any Non-Profit Has Ever Raised |language=en |work=Fortune |url=https://fortune.com/2019/10/03/openai-will-need-more-capital-than-any-non-profit-has-ever-raised/ |access-date=March 6, 2020 |archive-date=December 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208040513/https://fortune.com/2019/10/03/openai-will-need-more-capital-than-any-non-profit-has-ever-raised/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。


=== 2020年至今：ChatGPT、Sora、DALL-E以及与微軟的合作伙伴关系 ===
=== 2020年至今：ChatGPT、Sora、DALL-E以及与微軟的合作伙伴关系 ===
第99行： 第102行：
2020年6月11日宣布了[[GPT-3]][[語言模型]]，[[微軟]]於2020年9月22日取得獨家授權。<ref>{{Cite web|author=OpenAI|date=2020-06-11|url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-api/|title=OpenAI API|accessdate=2020-10-18|archive-date=2020-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611150951/https://openai.com/blog/openai-api/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=OpenAI is giving Microsoft exclusive access to its GPT-3 language model |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/09/23/1008729/openai-is-giving-microsoft-exclusive-access-to-its-gpt-3-language-model/ |date=September 23, 2020 |last=Hao |first=Karen |access-date=2020-09-25 |work=[[MIT Technology Review]] |language=en |quote="The companies say OpenAI will continue to offer its public-facing API, which allows chosen users to send text to GPT-3 or OpenAI’s other models and receive its output. Only Microsoft, however, will have access to GPT-3’s underlying code, allowing it to embed, repurpose, and modify the model as it pleases." |archive-date=2021-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205121656/https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/09/23/1008729/openai-is-giving-microsoft-exclusive-access-to-its-gpt-3-language-model/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
2020年6月11日宣布了[[GPT-3]][[語言模型]]，[[微軟]]於2020年9月22日取得獨家授權。<ref>{{Cite web|author=OpenAI|date=2020-06-11|url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-api/|title=OpenAI API|accessdate=2020-10-18|archive-date=2020-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611150951/https://openai.com/blog/openai-api/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=OpenAI is giving Microsoft exclusive access to its GPT-3 language model |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/09/23/1008729/openai-is-giving-microsoft-exclusive-access-to-its-gpt-3-language-model/ |date=September 23, 2020 |last=Hao |first=Karen |access-date=2020-09-25 |work=[[MIT Technology Review]] |language=en |quote="The companies say OpenAI will continue to offer its public-facing API, which allows chosen users to send text to GPT-3 or OpenAI’s other models and receive its output. Only Microsoft, however, will have access to GPT-3’s underlying code, allowing it to embed, repurpose, and modify the model as it pleases." |archive-date=2021-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205121656/https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/09/23/1008729/openai-is-giving-microsoft-exclusive-access-to-its-gpt-3-language-model/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>


2021年，OpenAI 推出了[[DALL-E]]，這是一種[[深度學習]]模型，可以從自然語言描述中生成數字圖像<ref>{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2021/01/05/openai-debuts-dall-e-for-generating-images-from-text/ |title=OpenAI debuts DALL-E for generating images from text |publisher=VentureBeat |date=5 January 2021 |access-date=5 January 2021 |archive-date=5 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105221534/https://venturebeat.com/2021/01/05/openai-debuts-dall-e-for-generating-images-from-text/ }}</ref>。
2021年，OpenAI推出了[[DALL-E]]，這是一種[[深度學習]]模型，可以從自然語言描述中生成數字圖像<ref>{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2021/01/05/openai-debuts-dall-e-for-generating-images-from-text/ |title=OpenAI debuts DALL-E for generating images from text |publisher=VentureBeat |date=5 January 2021 |access-date=5 January 2021 |archive-date=5 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105221534/https://venturebeat.com/2021/01/05/openai-debuts-dall-e-for-generating-images-from-text/ }}</ref>。


2022年11月30日，OpenAI发布了一个名为[[ChatGPT]]的自然语言生成式模型<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sam Altman宣布发布ChatGPT |url=https://twitter.com/sama/status/1598038815599661056 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=Twitter |language=zh |archive-date=2022-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221081937/https://twitter.com/sama/status/1598038815599661056 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，它以对话方式进行交互。在研究预览期间，用户注册并登陆后可免费使用ChatGPT。<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-12-11|title=ChatGPT - 免費註冊即可與線上機器人聊天對話，帶你了解什麼是 ChatGPT AI 機器人以及該如何快速註冊教學 - TechMoon 科技月球|url=https://techmoon.xyz/chatgpt/|access-date=2022-12-21|language=zh-TW|archive-date=2022-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212005359/https://techmoon.xyz/chatgpt/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。根據 OpenAI 的說法，預覽版在前五天內收到了超過一百萬的註冊<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roose |first1=Kevin |title=The Brilliance and Weirdness of ChatGPT |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=5 December 2022 |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118134332/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。 據路透社2022年12月援引的匿名消息來源稱，OpenAI 預計2023年收入為$2億美元，2024年收入為$10億美元<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dastin |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Hu |first2=Krystal |last3=Dave |first3=Paresh |last4=Dave |first4=Paresh |title=Exclusive: ChatGPT owner OpenAI projects $1 billion in revenue by 2024 |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/chatgpt-owner-openai-projects-1-billion-revenue-by-2024-sources-2022-12-15/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=Reuters |date=15 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201121/https://www.reuters.com/business/chatgpt-owner-openai-projects-1-billion-revenue-by-2024-sources-2022-12-15/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。但是该项目对一些包括中国大陆、香港在内的地区暂不可用。
2022年11月30日，OpenAI发布了一个名为[[ChatGPT]]的自然语言生成式模型<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sam Altman宣布发布ChatGPT |url=https://twitter.com/sama/status/1598038815599661056 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=Twitter |language=zh |archive-date=2022-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221081937/https://twitter.com/sama/status/1598038815599661056 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，它以对话方式进行交互。在研究预览期间，用户注册并登陆后可免费使用ChatGPT。<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-12-11|title=ChatGPT - 免費註冊即可與線上機器人聊天對話，帶你了解什麼是 ChatGPT AI 機器人以及該如何快速註冊教學 - TechMoon 科技月球|url=https://techmoon.xyz/chatgpt/|access-date=2022-12-21|language=zh-TW|archive-date=2022-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212005359/https://techmoon.xyz/chatgpt/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。根據OpenAI的說法，預覽版在前五天內收到了超過一百萬的註冊<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roose |first1=Kevin |title=The Brilliance and Weirdness of ChatGPT |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=5 December 2022 |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118134332/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。據路透社2022年12月援引的匿名消息來源稱，OpenAI 預計2023年收入為$2億美元，2024年收入為$10億美元<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dastin |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Hu |first2=Krystal |last3=Dave |first3=Paresh |last4=Dave |first4=Paresh |title=Exclusive: ChatGPT owner OpenAI projects $1 billion in revenue by 2024 |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/chatgpt-owner-openai-projects-1-billion-revenue-by-2024-sources-2022-12-15/ |access-date=5 January 2023 |work=Reuters |date=15 December 2022 |language=en |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201121/https://www.reuters.com/business/chatgpt-owner-openai-projects-1-billion-revenue-by-2024-sources-2022-12-15/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。但是该项目对一些包括中国大陆、香港在内的地区暂不可用。


2023年3月2日，OpenAI发布了官方ChatGPT API，并允许第三方开发者利用该API将ChatGPT集成到他们的网站、产品和服务中<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-02|title=OpenAI launches an API for ChatGPT, plus dedicated capacity for enterprise customers|url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/01/openai-launches-an-api-for-chatgpt-plus-dedicated-capacity-for-enterprise-customers/|language=en|dead-url=no|access-date=2023-03-02|archive-date=2023-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611215521/https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/01/openai-launches-an-api-for-chatgpt-plus-dedicated-capacity-for-enterprise-customers/}}</ref>。
2023年3月2日，OpenAI发布了官方ChatGPT API，并允许第三方开发者利用该API将ChatGPT集成到他们的网站、产品和服务中<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-02|title=OpenAI launches an API for ChatGPT, plus dedicated capacity for enterprise customers|url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/01/openai-launches-an-api-for-chatgpt-plus-dedicated-capacity-for-enterprise-customers/|language=en|dead-url=no|access-date=2023-03-02|archive-date=2023-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611215521/https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/01/openai-launches-an-api-for-chatgpt-plus-dedicated-capacity-for-enterprise-customers/}}</ref>。


2023年3月3日，霍夫曼辭去了他的董事會席位，理由是希望避免他在 OpenAI 的董事會席位與他通過[[格雷洛克合伙公司]] (Greylock Partners) 對 AI 技術公司的投資之間的利益衝突，以及他作為 OpenAI 的聯合創始人的角色 AI 技術初創公司 Inflection AI。 霍夫曼仍然是 OpenAI 的主要投資者微軟的董事會成員<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dastin |first=Jeffrey |date=2023-03-03 |title=OpenAI's long-time backer Reid Hoffman leaves board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/openais-long-time-backer-reid-hoffman-leaves-board-2023-03-03/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |archive-date=2023-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513191651/https://www.reuters.com/technology/openais-long-time-backer-reid-hoffman-leaves-board-2023-03-03/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
2023年3月3日，霍夫曼辭去了他的董事會席位，理由是希望避免他在OpenAI的董事會席位與他通過[[格雷洛克合伙公司]]（Greylock Partners）對AI技術公司的投資之間的利益衝突，以及他作為OpenAI的聯合創始人的角色AI技術初創公司Inflection AI。霍夫曼仍然是OpenAI的主要投資者微軟的董事會成員<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dastin |first=Jeffrey |date=2023-03-03 |title=OpenAI's long-time backer Reid Hoffman leaves board |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/openais-long-time-backer-reid-hoffman-leaves-board-2023-03-03/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |archive-date=2023-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513191651/https://www.reuters.com/technology/openais-long-time-backer-reid-hoffman-leaves-board-2023-03-03/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


2023年3月14日，OpenAI發布了[[GPT-4]]，既作為API（帶有waiting list）又作為ChatGPT Plus 的一項功能<ref>{{Cite web |title=GPT-4 |url=https://openai.com/product/gpt-4 |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=openai.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314165712/https://openai.com/product/gpt-4 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
2023年3月14日，OpenAI發布了[[GPT-4]]，既作為API（帶有waiting list）又作為ChatGPT Plus的一項功能<ref>{{Cite web |title=GPT-4 |url=https://openai.com/product/gpt-4 |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=openai.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314165712/https://openai.com/product/gpt-4 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。


2024年2月15日，OpenAI发布了[[Sora (人工智能模型)]]，称该模型能够生成长达一分钟的视频。<ref name="WDH_MIT_2024_02_15"/>同时，OpenAI也承认了该技术的一些缺点，包括在模拟复杂物理现象方面的困难。<ref>{{cite news |author=Antonio Pequeño IV |title=OpenAI Reveals ‘Sora’: AI Video Model Capable Of Realistic Text-To-Video Prompts |publisher=Forbes |date=2024-02-15 |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2024/02/15/openai-reveals-sora-ai-video-model-capable-of-realistic-text-to-video-prompts/ }}</ref>
2024年2月15日，OpenAI发布了[[Sora (人工智能模型)|Sora]]，称该模型能够生成长达一分钟的视频。<ref name="WDH_MIT_2024_02_15" /> 同时，OpenAI也承认了该技术的一些缺点，包括在模拟复杂物理现象方面的困难。<ref>{{cite news |author=Antonio Pequeño IV |title=OpenAI Reveals ‘Sora’: AI Video Model Capable Of Realistic Text-To-Video Prompts |publisher=Forbes |date=2024-02-15 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2024/02/15/openai-reveals-sora-ai-video-model-capable-of-realistic-text-to-video-prompts/ |accessdate=2024-02-17 |archive-date=2024-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215220634/https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2024/02/15/openai-reveals-sora-ai-video-model-capable-of-realistic-text-to-video-prompts/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>


2024年4月1日，OpenAI表示将许可用户在无注册的前提下直接使用[[ChatGPT]]。<ref name="大众网 2024 s661">{{Cite web |title=重磅！OpenAI放开限制，用户无需注册即可使用ChatGPT |url=https://www.dzwww.com/xinwen/guojixinwen/gjsx/202404/t20240402_13928010.htm |website=大众网 |date=2024-04-02 |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402101758/https://www.dzwww.com/xinwen/guojixinwen/gjsx/202404/t20240402_13928010.htm |archive-date=2024-04-02 |access-date=2024-04-02 |via=每日经济新闻}}</ref>
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==争议==
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《[[時代雜誌|时代周刊]]》调查显示，为了建立针对有害内容（例如[[性虐待]]、[[暴力]]、[[种族主义]]、[[性别歧视]]等）的安全系统，OpenAI使用每小时收入不到2美元的[[肯尼亚]]外判工来标记有害内容。这些标记用于训练模型以在未来检测此类内容。外判工接触到如此有害和危险的内容，以至于他们将这种经历描述为“折磨”。<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Exclusive: The $2 Per Hour Workers Who Made ChatGPT Safer|url=https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers/|access-date=2023-11-21|website=Time|language=en}}</ref>

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公司因对产品如[[GPT-4]]透露特别少的技术细节而受到批评，这与其最初对开放性的承诺相违背，使得独立研究人员难以复制其工作并制定防护措施。OpenAI为竞争和安全原因辩解了这一战略转变。OpenAI的首席科学家[[伊尔亚·苏茨克维]]在2023年辩称，逐渐使能力增强的模型[[开源]]变得越来越危险，他预计不开源最强大的AI模型的安全原因将在几年内变得“显而易见”。<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vincent |first1=James |title=OpenAI co-founder on company's past approach to openly sharing research: "We were wrong" |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/15/23640180/openai-gpt-4-launch-closed-research-ilya-sutskever-interview |access-date=20 August 2023 |work=[[The Verge]] |date=15 March 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317210900/https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/15/23640180/openai-gpt-4-launch-closed-research-ilya-sutskever-interview |url-status=live }}</ref>

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===阿尔特曼和布罗克曼短暂离职及董事会变局===
⚫
{{ see also|{{link-en|萨姆·阿尔特曼被OpenAI开除|Removal_of_Sam_Altman_from_OpenAI}}}}
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2023年11月17日，OpenAI发布声明，宣布公司首席执行官[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]将离开公司，即时生效；公司现首席技术官[[米拉·穆拉蒂]]被任命为临时首席执行官。OpenAI称，接任CEO的人选仍在确认过程中<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-17|title=OpenAI announces leadership transition|url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-announces-leadership-transition|language=en|dead-url=no|access-date=2023-11-17|archive-date=2023-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117203025/https://openai.com/blog/openai-announces-leadership-transition}}</ref>。20日，OpenAI宣布前[[Twitch]]联合创始人{{le|埃米特·薛尔|Emmett Shear}}将担任公司新任首席执行官。<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/who-is-new-openai-ceo-emmett-shear-what-happens-to-mira-murati-13409342.html Who is new OpenAI CEO Emmett Shear?].FirstPost.2023-11-20.[2023-11-20].</ref>受OpenAI开萨姆·阿尔特曼的影响，OpenAI联合创始人之一的[[格雷格·布罗克曼]]也宣布从公司离职。此外公司有多位骨干成员也相继宣布离开OpenAI。

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据报道，[[GitHub]]前首席执行官[[奈特·弗里德曼]]（Nat Friedman）和[[Scale AI]]首席执行官亚历山大·王（Alexandr Wang）拒绝了董事会的OpenAI首席执行官职位的提议。<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/former-github-chief-nat-friedman-declined-openai-interim-ceo-role |title=Former GitHub CEO Friedman, Scale AI Founder Wang Declined OpenAI Top Job |date=November 20, 2023 |last1=Clark |first1=Kate |last2=Mascarenhas |first2=Natasha |work=[[The Information (website)|The Information]] |access-date=November 19, 2023 |archive-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120213250/https://www.theinformation.com/articles/former-github-chief-nat-friedman-declined-openai-interim-ceo-role |url-status=live }}</ref>

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OpenAI 770 名员工中的 738 名（包括[[米拉·穆拉蒂]]和[[伊尔亚·苏茨克维]]）签署了一封公开信，表示如果董事会不重新聘请萨姆·阿尔特曼担任首席执行官并随后辞职，他们将辞去工作并加入微软。<ref>{{cite web |title=OpenAI Staff Near Total Mutiny With Threat to Jump to Microsoft |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/openai-staff-threaten-to-go-to-microsoft-if-board-doesnt-quit |website=Bloomberg |language=en |access-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120201119/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/openai-staff-threaten-to-go-to-microsoft-if-board-doesnt-quit |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Knight |first1=Will |title=OpenAI Staff Threaten to Quit Unless Board Resigns |url=https://www.wired.com/story/openai-staff-walk-protest-sam-altman/ |website=Wired |access-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-date=November 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120150129/https://www.wired.com/story/openai-staff-walk-protest-sam-altman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 投资者正在考虑对董事会成员采取法律行动，以应对可能出现的大规模辞职和萨姆·阿尔特曼被免职的情况。<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tong |first1=Anna |last2=Hu |first2=Krystal |last3=Tong |first3=Anna |last4=Hu |first4=Krystal |title=Exclusive: OpenAI investors considering suing the board after CEO's abrupt firing |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/openai-investors-considering-suing-board-after-ceos-abrupt-firing-sources-2023-11-20/ |website=Reuters |language=en |date=20 November 2023}}</ref> 对此，OpenAI 管理层向员工发送了一份内部备忘录，表示与阿尔特曼和董事会的谈判已恢复进行，并且需要一些时间。<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lawler |first1=Richard |title=OpenAI exec to employees: “our number one goal remains to reunify OpenAI.” |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/21/23970550/openai-exec-to-employees-our-number-one-goal-remains-to-reunify-openai |website=The Verge |language=en |date=21 November 2023}}</ref> 2023年11月21日，微软CTO凱文·斯科特（Kevin Scott）宣布，转入该公司的OpenAI员工将获得与在OpenAI工作时相同的薪酬。<ref>{{cite web |last1=Capoot |first1=Ashley |title=Microsoft exec says OpenAI employees can join with same compensation |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/21/microsoft-exec-says-openai-employees-can-join-with-same-compensation.html |website=CNBC |language=en |date=21 November 2023}}</ref>

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11月22日，OpenAI通过X（前Twitter）宣布，萨姆·阿尔特曼回归重任首席执行官，并会重组新的董事会，由前云端企业[[Salesforce]]共同执行长布雷特·泰勒（Bret Taylor）担任主席，另外成员还包括前美国财政部长[[勞倫斯·薩默斯]]（Larry Summers）和[[Quora]]执行官暨原董事会成员亞當·安捷羅（Adam D'angelo）。<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-22|title=結局大逆轉！ OpenAI宣布「阿特曼回鍋執行長」|url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%B5%90%E5%B1%80%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%86%E8%BD%89-openai%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83-%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C%E9%95%B7-064625520.html|access-date=2023-11-22|website=Yahoo News|language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref>


2024年5月13日，OpenAI发布了新模型[[GPT-4o]]，GPT-4o可以处理文字、语音、图像，“o”代表“omni”，即全能的意思。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spring Update {{!}} OpenAI|url=https://openai.com/index/spring-update/|date=2024-05-13|language=en|url-status=no|access-date=2024-05-14|archive-date=2024-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530223922/https://openai.com/index/spring-update/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=GPT-4o|url=https://platform.openai.com/docs/models/gpt-4o|language=en|script-title=|url-status=no|access-date=2024-05-14|archive-date=2024-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530160830/https://platform.openai.com/docs/models/gpt-4o}}</ref>
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2023 年 11 月 22 日，有报道称阿尔特曼被 OpenAI 解雇可能与他涉嫌对秘密项目 Q* (Qstar)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2023/11/openai-q-star-could-have-a-mostly-automated-and-scalable-way-to-improve.html|title=OpenAI Q Star Could Have a Mostly Automated and Scalable Way to Improve}}</ref> 的重大突破处理不当有关。据 OpenAI 内部消息人士透露，Q* 项目旨在开发人工智能在逻辑推理和定理证明方面的能力，两名知情人士告诉路透社，在OpenAI首席执行官萨姆·阿尔特曼离职四天之前，几位工作人员研究人员给董事会写了一封信，警告说，他们认为一项强大的人工智能发现可能会威胁人类。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/|title=OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster, sources say|author=Anna Tong, Jeffrey Dastin,Krystal Hu|work=REUTERS|date=2023-11-23|accessdate=2023-11-23}}</ref><ref name="TweakTown 2023 a134">{{cite web | title=OpenAI made huge breakthrough before ousting Sam Altman, introducing Q* | website=TweakTown | date=2023-11-22 | url=https://www.tweaktown.com/news/94534/openai-made-huge-breakthrough-before-ousting-sam-altman-introducing/index.html | access-date=2023-11-23}}</ref>


2024年6月25日，OpenAI表示自7月9日起，将停止对中国开发者提供API接口服务。<ref>{{Cite web|title=OpenAI将停止对中国开发者提供服务 – DW – 2024年6月26日|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/openai%E5%B0%86%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%80%85%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/a-69483627|website=dw.com|language=zh|access-date=2024-06-27|archive-date=2024-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910073924/https://www.dw.com/zh/openai%E5%B0%86%E5%81%9C%E6%AD%A2%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%80%85%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/a-69483627|dead-url=no}}</ref>
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2023年11月29日，OpenAI创始人[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]在备忘录中宣布，他将重新担任OpenAI首席执行官，曾临时代任首席执行官的米拉·穆拉蒂将继续担任首席技术官，微软将在公司董事会中获得一个无投票权的观察员席位。<ref>{{Cite web|last=钛媒体|title=奥特曼重返OpenAI首席执行官职位丨财经钛速度-钛媒体官方网站|url=https://www.tmtpost.com/video/6814291.html|access-date=2023-11-30|website=www.tmtpost.com|language=zh-CN}}</ref>


2024年11月，OpenAI收購了歷史悠久的域名Chat.com，並將Chat.com重定向至ChatGPT。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/6/24289768/openai-chat-chatgpt-sam-altman-hubspot|title=Did OpenAI just spend more than $10 million on a URL?|publisher=The Verge|date=2024-11-06|access-date=2024-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thersmedia.com/business/5014/|title=OpenAI以126億盧比高價收購Chat.com|language=zh-tw|publisher=RSMedia|date=2024-11-10|access-date=2024-11-10}}</ref>
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2023年11月30日，OpenAI原董事会成员海伦·托纳 (Helen Toner) 在社交平台发文称，她正式辞去了OpenAI董事会的职务。<ref>{{Cite web|last=钛媒体|title=海伦·托纳辞去OpenAI董事会职务-钛媒体官方网站|url=https://www.tmtpost.com/nictation/6814191.html|access-date=2023-11-30|website=www.tmtpost.com|language=zh-CN}}</ref>


== 参加者 ==
== 公司构成 ==
[[File:Disrupt SF TechCrunch Disrupt San Francisco 2019 - Day 2 (48838377432).jpg|thumb|OpenAI联合创始人：[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]] (Sam Altman)]]
[[File:Disrupt SF TechCrunch Disrupt San Francisco 2019 - Day 2 (48838377432).jpg|thumb|OpenAI联合创始人：[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]（Sam Altman）]]


主要员工：
主要员工：
* 首席執行長兼联合创始人：<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2019-07-22/microsoft-openai|title=Microsoft to invest $1&nbsp;billion in OpenAI|last1=Bass|first1=Dina|date=July 22, 2019|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=July 22, 2019|archive-date=July 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722160805/https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2019-07-22/microsoft-openai|url-status=live}}</ref> [[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]<ref name="Singh 2023 c907">{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Manish | title=Greg Brockman quits OpenAI after abrupt firing of Sam Altman | website=TechCrunch | date=2023-11-18 | url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/17/greg-brockman-quits-openai-after-abrupt-firing-of-sam-altman/ | access-date=2023-11-18}}</ref>，创业加速器 [[Y Combinator]] 前总裁
* 首席執行長兼联合创始人：<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2019-07-22/microsoft-openai|title=Microsoft to invest $1&nbsp;billion in OpenAI|last1=Bass|first1=Dina|date=July 22, 2019|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=July 22, 2019|archive-date=July 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722160805/https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2019-07-22/microsoft-openai|url-status=live}}</ref>[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]<ref name="Singh 2023 c907">{{cite web | last=Singh | first=Manish | title=Greg Brockman quits OpenAI after abrupt firing of Sam Altman | website=TechCrunch | date=2023-11-18 | url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/17/greg-brockman-quits-openai-after-abrupt-firing-of-sam-altman/ | access-date=2023-11-18 | archive-date=2024-04-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418172842/https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/17/greg-brockman-quits-openai-after-abrupt-firing-of-sam-altman/ | dead-url=no }}</ref>，创业加速器[[Y Combinator]]前总裁
* 总裁兼联合创始人：<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/openai-gets-a-new-president-cto-coo-in-the-latest-rejig//|title=OpenAI gets a new president, CTO & COO in the latest rejig|last=Bordoloi|first=Pritam|date=May 9, 2022|work=AIM|access-date=October 11, 2022|archive-date=October 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016010242/https://analyticsindiamag.com/openai-gets-a-new-president-cto-coo-in-the-latest-rejig/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[格雷格·布羅克曼]]，前首席技術長，[[Stripe]]的第三位员工
* 总裁兼联合创始人：<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/openai-gets-a-new-president-cto-coo-in-the-latest-rejig//|title=OpenAI gets a new president, CTO & COO in the latest rejig|last=Bordoloi|first=Pritam|date=May 9, 2022|work=AIM|access-date=October 11, 2022|archive-date=October 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016010242/https://analyticsindiamag.com/openai-gets-a-new-president-cto-coo-in-the-latest-rejig/|url-status=live}}</ref>[[格雷格·布羅克曼]]，前首席技術長，[[Stripe]]的第三位员工
* 首席科学家兼联合创始人：[[伊爾亞·蘇茨克維]]，前[[谷歌]]机器学习专家
* 首席科学家兼联合创始人：[[伊爾亞·蘇茨克維]]，前[[谷歌]]机器学习专家
* 首席技术官：<ref name="auto"/> [[米拉·穆拉蒂]]，曾在 [[Leap Motion]] 和[[特斯拉 (公司)|特斯拉]]公司工作
* 首席技术官：<ref name="auto" />[[米拉·穆拉蒂]]，曾在[[Leap Motion]]和[[特斯拉 (公司)|特斯拉]]公司工作
* 首席營運長：<ref name="auto"/> 布拉德·萊特卡普（Brad Lightcap），曾在 [[Y Combinator]] 和[[摩根大通]]工作
* 首席營運長：<ref name="auto" />布拉德·萊特卡普（Brad Lightcap），曾在[[Y Combinator]]和[[摩根大通]]工作


OpenAI非營利組織董事會：
OpenAI非營利組織董事會：
* {{le|布雷特·泰勒|Bret Taylor}} （Bret Taylor。董事會主席） 前云端企业Salesforce共同执行长
* {{le|布雷特·泰勒|Bret Taylor}}（Bret Taylor，董事长）前云端企业Salesforce共同执行长
* [[劳伦斯·萨默斯]] （Larry Summers）前美国财政部长
* [[劳伦斯·萨默斯]]，前美国财政部长
* {{le|亞當·安捷羅|Adam D'Angelo}}（Adam D'angelo） Quora执行官暨原董事会成员
* [[亞當·安捷羅]]，Quora执行官暨原董事会成员


個人投資者：
個人投資者：
* [[里德·霍夫曼]]，[[LinkedIn]]联合创始人<ref name=mercury-back>{{cite news|last1=Liedtke|first1=Michael|title=Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, Reid Hoffman, others back $1&nbsp;billion OpenAI research center|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_29256196/elon-musk-peter-thiel-reid-hoffman-others-back|access-date=December 19, 2015|work=[[Mercury News]]|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222152100/http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_29256196/elon-musk-peter-thiel-reid-hoffman-others-back|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[里德·霍夫曼]]，[[LinkedIn]]联合创始人<ref name="mercury-back">{{cite news|last1=Liedtke|first1=Michael|title=Elon Musk, Peter Thiel, Reid Hoffman, others back $1&nbsp;billion OpenAI research center|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_29256196/elon-musk-peter-thiel-reid-hoffman-others-back|access-date=December 19, 2015|work=[[Mercury News]]|archive-date=December 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222152100/http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_29256196/elon-musk-peter-thiel-reid-hoffman-others-back|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[彼得·提爾]]，[[PayPal]]联合创始人<ref name=mercury-back/>
* [[彼得·提爾]]，[[PayPal]]联合创始人<ref name="mercury-back" />
* {{le|傑西卡·利文斯頓|Jessica Livingston}}，[[Y Combinator]]創始合夥人
* {{le|傑西卡·利文斯頓|Jessica Livingston}}，[[Y Combinator]]創始合夥人


企業投資者：
企業投資者：
第157行： 第147行：
* [[印孚瑟斯]]<ref>{{cite news |date=December 12, 2015 |title=Elon Musk, Infosys, others back OpenAI with $1 bn |work=Business Standard India |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/elon-musk-infosys-others-back-openai-with-1-bn-115121200862_1.html |access-date=August 30, 2019 |archive-date=August 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830090926/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/elon-musk-infosys-others-back-openai-with-1-bn-115121200862_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[印孚瑟斯]]<ref>{{cite news |date=December 12, 2015 |title=Elon Musk, Infosys, others back OpenAI with $1 bn |work=Business Standard India |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/elon-musk-infosys-others-back-openai-with-1-bn-115121200862_1.html |access-date=August 30, 2019 |archive-date=August 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830090926/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/elon-musk-infosys-others-back-openai-with-1-bn-115121200862_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


== 動機 ==
== 事件 ==
[[斯蒂芬·霍金]]和{{link-en|斯圖爾特·拉塞爾|Stuart J. Russell}}等一些科學家表達了擔憂，即如果先進的人工智能有朝一日獲得以不斷加快的速度重新設計自身的能力，那麼一場不可阻擋的“[[技术奇异点#智能与创造力的大爆炸|智能爆炸]]”可能會導致[[人類滅絕]]。 聯合創始人[[埃隆·马斯克|馬斯克]]將人工智能描述為人類“最大的生存威脅”<ref>{{cite news |last1=Piper |first1=Kelsey |title=Why Elon Musk fears artificial intelligence |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/11/2/18053418/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-google-deepmind-openai |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Vox |date=November 2, 2018 |language=en |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423095445/https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/11/2/18053418/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-google-deepmind-openai |url-status=live }}</ref>。 為了減輕人工智能的內在危險，OpenAI 的創始人们將其構建為非營利組織，以便他們可以將研究重點放在對人類做出積極的長期貢獻上<ref name="bbc-giants">{{cite news|title=Tech giants pledge $1bn for 'altruistic AI' venture, OpenAI|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35082344|access-date=December 19, 2015|work=[[BBC News]]|date=December 12, 2015|archive-date=March 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314021831/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35082344|url-status=live}}</ref>。


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==== 阿尔特曼和布罗克曼短暂离职及董事会变局 ====
馬斯克和阿尔特曼表示，他們的部分動機是擔心人工智能安全和[[通用人工智能的生存风险]]<ref name="csmonitor" />。 OpenAI表示，“很難理解人類水平的 AI 能給社會帶來多大的好處”，同樣難以理解“如果構建或使用不當，它會對社會造成多大的損害”<ref name=bbc-giants/>。安全研究不能安全地推遲：“由於人工智能的驚人歷史，很難預測人類水平的人工智能何時會觸手可及。”"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mendoza|first1=Jessica|title=Tech leaders launch nonprofit to save the world from killer robots|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1214/Tech-leaders-launch-nonprofit-to-save-the-world-from-killer-robots|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|access-date=December 19, 2015|archive-date=July 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703170556/https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1214/Tech-leaders-launch-nonprofit-to-save-the-world-from-killer-robots|url-status=live}}</ref>。 OpenAI 指出，人工智能“應該是個人意志的延伸，並且本著自由的精神，盡可能廣泛和均勻地分佈……”<ref name=bbc-giants/>。 聯合主席[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]預計這個長達數十年的項目將超越人類智能<ref name=wired_far_more>{{cite magazine|last1=Metz|first1=Cade|title=Elon Musk's Billion-Dollar AI Plan Is About Far More Than Saving the World|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/12/elon-musks-billion-dollar-ai-plan-is-about-far-more-than-saving-the-world/|access-date=December 19, 2015|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=December 15, 2015|quote="Altman said they expect this decades-long project to surpass human intelligence."|archive-date=December 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219155928/http://www.wired.com/2015/12/elon-musks-billion-dollar-ai-plan-is-about-far-more-than-saving-the-world/|url-status=live}}</ref>。
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{{see also|{{link-en|萨姆·阿尔特曼被OpenAI开除|Removal_of_Sam_Altman_from_OpenAI}}}}
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2023年11月17日，OpenAI发布声明，宣布公司首席执行官[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]将离开公司，即时生效；公司现首席技术官[[米拉·穆拉蒂]]被任命为临时首席执行官。OpenAI称，接任CEO的人选仍在确认过程中<ref>{{Cite web|title=OpenAI announces leadership transition|url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-announces-leadership-transition|date=2023-11-17|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117203025/https://openai.com/blog/openai-announces-leadership-transition|archive-date=2023-11-17|access-date=2023-11-17|dead-url=no}}</ref>。20日，OpenAI宣布前[[Twitch]]联合创始人{{le|埃米特·薛尔|Emmett Shear}}将担任公司新任首席执行官。<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/who-is-new-openai-ceo-emmett-shear-what-happens-to-mira-murati-13409342.html Who is new OpenAI CEO Emmett Shear?] {{Wayback|url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/who-is-new-openai-ceo-emmett-shear-what-happens-to-mira-murati-13409342.html|date=20231204114130}}.FirstPost.2023-11-20.[2023-11-20].</ref>受OpenAI開除萨姆·阿尔特曼的影响，OpenAI联合创始人之一的[[格雷格·布罗克曼]]也宣布从公司离职。此外公司有多位骨干成员也相继宣布离开OpenAI。


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据报道，[[GitHub]]前首席执行官[[奈特·弗里德曼]]（Nat Friedman）和{{link-en|Scale AI}}首席执行官亚历山大·王（Alexandr Wang）拒绝了董事会的OpenAI首席执行官职位的提议。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Former GitHub CEO Friedman, Scale AI Founder Wang Declined OpenAI Top Job|url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/former-github-chief-nat-friedman-declined-openai-interim-ceo-role|work=[[The Information (website)|The Information]]|date=November 20, 2023|last1=Clark|first1=Kate|last2=Mascarenhas|first2=Natasha|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120213250/https://www.theinformation.com/articles/former-github-chief-nat-friedman-declined-openai-interim-ceo-role|archive-date=November 20, 2023|access-date=November 19, 2023}}</ref>
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[[印孚瑟斯]]前首席執行官{{le|維沙爾·辛卡|Vishal Sikka}}表示，“開放性”是他支持的基本要求，這種努力將“產生總體上符合人類更大利益的結果”，並且 OpenAI“非常符合我們長期以來的價值觀 ”和他們“努力做有目的的工作”<ref>{{cite web|author1=Vishal Sikka|title=OpenAI: AI for All|url=http://www.infosysblogs.com/infytalk/2015/12/openai_ai_for_all.html|website=InfyTalk|publisher=[[Infosys]]|access-date=December 22, 2015|date=December 14, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222094518/http://www.infosysblogs.com/infytalk/2015/12/openai_ai_for_all.html|archive-date=December 22, 2015|author1-link=Vishal Sikka}}</ref>。

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OpenAI 770名员工中的738名（包括[[米拉·穆拉蒂]]和[[伊尔亚·苏茨克维]]）签署了一封公开信，表示如果董事会不重新聘请萨姆·阿尔特曼担任首席执行官并随后辞职，他们将辞去工作并加入微软。<ref>{{cite web|title=OpenAI Staff Near Total Mutiny With Threat to Jump to Microsoft|url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/openai-staff-threaten-to-go-to-microsoft-if-board-doesnt-quit|website=Bloomberg|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120201119/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/openai-staff-threaten-to-go-to-microsoft-if-board-doesnt-quit|archive-date=November 20, 2023|access-date=November 20, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=OpenAI Staff Threaten to Quit Unless Board Resigns|url=https://www.wired.com/story/openai-staff-walk-protest-sam-altman/|website=Wired|last1=Knight|first1=Will|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120150129/https://www.wired.com/story/openai-staff-walk-protest-sam-altman/|archive-date=November 20, 2023|access-date=November 20, 2023}}</ref>投资者正在考虑对董事会成员采取法律行动，以应对可能出现的大规模辞职和萨姆·阿尔特曼被免职的情况。<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: OpenAI investors considering suing the board after CEO's abrupt firing|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/openai-investors-considering-suing-board-after-ceos-abrupt-firing-sources-2023-11-20/|website=Reuters|date=20 November 2023|language=en|last1=Tong|first1=Anna|last2=Hu|first2=Krystal|last3=Tong|first3=Anna|last4=Hu|first4=Krystal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120230652/https://www.reuters.com/technology/openai-investors-considering-suing-board-after-ceos-abrupt-firing-sources-2023-11-20/|archive-date=2023-11-20|access-date=2023-11-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>对此，OpenAI管理层向员工发送了一份内部备忘录，表示与阿尔特曼和董事会的谈判已恢复进行，并且需要一些时间。<ref>{{cite web|title=OpenAI exec to employees: “our number one goal remains to reunify OpenAI.”|url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/21/23970550/openai-exec-to-employees-our-number-one-goal-remains-to-reunify-openai|website=The Verge|date=21 November 2023|language=en|last1=Lawler|first1=Richard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121180928/https://www.theverge.com/2023/11/21/23970550/openai-exec-to-employees-our-number-one-goal-remains-to-reunify-openai|archive-date=2023-11-21|access-date=2023-11-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>2023年11月21日，微软CTO凱文·斯科特（Kevin Scott）宣布，转入该公司的OpenAI员工将获得与在OpenAI工作时相同的薪酬。<ref>{{cite web|title=Microsoft exec says OpenAI employees can join with same compensation|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/21/microsoft-exec-says-openai-employees-can-join-with-same-compensation.html|website=CNBC|date=21 November 2023|language=en|last1=Capoot|first1=Ashley|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227180613/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/21/microsoft-exec-says-openai-employees-can-join-with-same-compensation.html|archive-date=2023-12-27|access-date=2023-11-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>

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11月22日，OpenAI通过X（前Twitter）宣布，萨姆·阿尔特曼回归重任首席执行官，并会重组新的董事会，由前云端企业[[Salesforce]]共同执行长布雷特·泰勒（Bret Taylor）担任董事长，另外成员还包括前美国财政部长[[勞倫斯·薩默斯]]（Larry Summers）和[[Quora]]执行官暨原董事会成员亞當·安捷羅（Adam D'angelo）。<ref>{{Cite web|title=結局大逆轉！ OpenAI宣布「阿特曼回鍋執行長」|url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%B5%90%E5%B1%80%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%86%E8%BD%89-openai%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83-%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C%E9%95%B7-064625520.html|website=Yahoo News|date=2023-11-22|language=zh-Hant-TW|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123190204/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E7%B5%90%E5%B1%80%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%86%E8%BD%89-openai%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83-%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC%E5%9B%9E%E9%8D%8B%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C%E9%95%B7-064625520.html|archive-date=2023-11-23|access-date=2023-11-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>

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2023年11月22日，有报道称阿尔特曼被OpenAI解雇可能与他涉嫌对秘密项目Q*（Qstar）<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2023/11/openai-q-star-could-have-a-mostly-automated-and-scalable-way-to-improve.html|title=OpenAI Q Star Could Have a Mostly Automated and Scalable Way to Improve|accessdate=2023-11-24|archive-date=2023-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208191443/https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2023/11/openai-q-star-could-have-a-mostly-automated-and-scalable-way-to-improve.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>的重大突破处理不当有关。据OpenAI内部消息人士透露，Q*项目旨在开发人工智能在逻辑推理和定理证明方面的能力，两名知情人士告诉路透社，在OpenAI首席执行官萨姆·阿尔特曼离职四天之前，几位工作人员研究人员给董事会写了一封信，警告说，他们认为一项强大的人工智能发现可能会威胁人类。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/|title=OpenAI researchers warned board of AI breakthrough ahead of CEO ouster, sources say|author=Anna Tong, Jeffrey Dastin,Krystal Hu|work=REUTERS|date=2023-11-23|accessdate=2023-11-23|archive-date=2023-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211175826/https://www.reuters.com/technology/sam-altmans-ouster-openai-was-precipitated-by-letter-board-about-ai-breakthrough-2023-11-22/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="TweakTown 2023 a134">{{cite web|title=OpenAI made huge breakthrough before ousting Sam Altman, introducing Q*|url=https://www.tweaktown.com/news/94534/openai-made-huge-breakthrough-before-ousting-sam-altman-introducing/index.html|website=TweakTown|date=2023-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123045249/https://www.tweaktown.com/news/94534/openai-made-huge-breakthrough-before-ousting-sam-altman-introducing/index.html|archive-date=2023-11-23|access-date=2023-11-23|dead-url=no}}</ref>

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2023年11月29日，OpenAI创始人[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]在备忘录中宣布，他将重新担任OpenAI首席执行官，曾临时代任首席执行官的米拉·穆拉蒂将继续担任首席技术官，微软将在公司董事会中获得一个无投票权的观察员席位。<ref>{{Cite web|title=奥特曼重返OpenAI首席执行官职位丨财经钛速度-钛媒体官方网站|url=https://www.tmtpost.com/video/6814291.html|website=www.tmtpost.com|language=zh-CN|last=钛媒体|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229122642/https://www.tmtpost.com/video/6814291.html|archive-date=2024-02-29|access-date=2023-11-30|dead-url=no}}</ref>

⚫
2023年11月30日，OpenAI原董事会成员海伦·托纳（Helen Toner）在社交平台发文称，她正式辞去了OpenAI董事会的职务。<ref>{{Cite web|title=海伦·托纳辞去OpenAI董事会职务-钛媒体官方网站|url=https://www.tmtpost.com/nictation/6814191.html|website=www.tmtpost.com|language=zh-CN|last=钛媒体|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130031608/https://www.tmtpost.com/nictation/6814191.html|archive-date=2023-11-30|access-date=2023-11-30|dead-url=no}}</ref>


== 產品與應用 ==
== 產品與應用 ==
截至2021年，OpenAI 的研究重點是[[強化學習]] (RL)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2021-07-16 |title=OpenAI disbands its robotics research team |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/openai-disbands-its-robotics-research-team/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212150930/https://venturebeat.com/business/openai-disbands-its-robotics-research-team/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 OpenAI 被視為 [[DeepMind]] 的重要競爭對手<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Dave |title=Robot solves Rubik's cube, but not grand challenge |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-50064225 |access-date=February 29, 2020 |work=BBC News |date=October 15, 2019 |archive-date=April 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403202722/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-50064225 |url-status=live }}</ref>。
截至2021年，OpenAI 的研究重點是[[強化學習]]（RL）<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2021-07-16 |title=OpenAI disbands its robotics research team |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/openai-disbands-its-robotics-research-team/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212150930/https://venturebeat.com/business/openai-disbands-its-robotics-research-team/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。OpenAI被視為[[DeepMind]]的重要競爭對手<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lee |first1=Dave |title=Robot solves Rubik's cube, but not grand challenge |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-50064225 |access-date=February 29, 2020 |work=BBC News |date=October 15, 2019 |archive-date=April 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403202722/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-50064225 |url-status=live }}</ref>。


=== Gym ===
=== Gym ===
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=== API ===
=== API ===
2020年6月，OpenAI 宣布了一个多用途[[应用程序接口|应用程序接口(API)]]，据称“用于访问OpenAI开发的新 AI 模型”，让开发人员调用它来执行“任何英语 AI 任务”。<ref name="gpt3-whynotfullmodel" /><ref name="tech_Tech">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2020 |title=TechCrunch Startup and Technology News |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/11/openai-makes-an-all-purpose-api-for-its-text-based-ai-capabilities/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612041855/https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/11/openai-makes-an-all-purpose-api-for-its-text-based-ai-capabilities/ |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |access-date=June 11, 2020 |work=TechCrunch |quote=If you’ve ever wanted to try out OpenAI's vaunted machine learning toolset, it just got a lot easier. The company has released an API that lets developers call its AI tools in on "virtually any English language task."}}</ref>
2020年6月，OpenAI宣布了一个多用途[[应用程序接口|应用程序接口（API）]]，据称“用于访问OpenAI开发的新AI模型”，让开发人员调用它来执行“任何英语AI任务”。<ref name="gpt3-whynotfullmodel">{{Cite web|date=June 11, 2020|title=OpenAI API|url=https://openai.com/blog/openai-api/|access-date=June 14, 2020|website=OpenAI|language=en|quote="Why did OpenAI choose to release an API instead of open-sourcing the models?<br />There are three main reasons we did this. First, commercializing the technology helps us pay for our ongoing AI research, safety, and policy efforts. Second, many of the models underlying the API are very large, taking a lot of expertise to develop and deploy and making them very expensive to run. This makes it hard for anyone except larger companies to benefit from the underlying technology. We're hopeful that the API will make powerful AI systems more accessible to smaller businesses and organizations. Third, the API model allows us to more easily respond to misuse of the technology. Since it is hard to predict the downstream use cases of our models, it feels inherently safer to release them via an API and broaden access over time, rather than release an [[open source]] model where access cannot be adjusted if it turns out to have harmful applications."|archive-date=June 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611150951/https://openai.com/blog/openai-api/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tech_Tech">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2020 |title=TechCrunch Startup and Technology News |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/11/openai-makes-an-all-purpose-api-for-its-text-based-ai-capabilities/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612041855/https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/11/openai-makes-an-all-purpose-api-for-its-text-based-ai-capabilities/ |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |access-date=June 11, 2020 |work=TechCrunch |quote=If you’ve ever wanted to try out OpenAI's vaunted machine learning toolset, it just got a lot easier. The company has released an API that lets developers call its AI tools in on "virtually any English language task."}}</ref>


=== 生成式模型 ===
=== 生成式模型 ===
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==== OpenAI的原始GPT模型 ====
==== OpenAI的原始GPT模型 ====
{{further|基于转换器的生成式预训练模型}}
{{further|基于转换器的生成式预训练模型}}
[[File:Full GPT architecture.png|right|thumb|原始GPT 模型]]
[[File:Full GPT architecture.svg|right|thumb|原始GPT 模型]]


關於語言模型的生成預訓練 (GPT) 的原始論文由 Alec Radford 及其同事撰寫，並於2018年6月11日以預印本形式發佈在 OpenAI 的網站上<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdn.openai.com/research-covers/language-unsupervised/language_understanding_paper.pdf|title=Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training|access-date=June 9, 2020|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126024542/https://cdn.openai.com/research-covers/language-unsupervised/language_understanding_paper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>。 它展示了語言的[[生成模型]]如何能夠通過對具有長段連續文本的多樣化[[語料庫]]進行預訓練來獲取世界知識和處理遠程依賴關係。
關於語言模型的生成預訓練（GPT）的原始論文由 Alec Radford 及其同事撰寫，並於2018年6月11日以預印本形式發佈在OpenAI的網站上<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdn.openai.com/research-covers/language-unsupervised/language_understanding_paper.pdf|title=Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training|access-date=June 9, 2020|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126024542/https://cdn.openai.com/research-covers/language-unsupervised/language_understanding_paper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>。它展示了語言的[[生成模型]]如何能夠通過對具有長段連續文本的多樣化[[語料庫]]進行預訓練來獲取世界知識和處理遠程依賴關係。


==== GPT-2 ====
==== GPT-2 ====
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{{main|GPT-4}}
{{main|GPT-4}}


2023年3月14日，OpenAI 宣布發布 Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4)，能夠接受文本或圖像輸入<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Vincent |first=James |date=2023-03-14 |title=OpenAI announces GPT-4 — the next generation of its AI language model |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/14/23638033/openai-gpt-4-chatgpt-multimodal-deep-learning |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314195326/https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/14/23638033/openai-gpt-4-chatgpt-multimodal-deep-learning |url-status=live }}</ref>。OpenAI 宣布更新後的技術通過了模擬法學院律師考試，得分在應試者的前 10% 左右； 相比之下，之前的版本 GPT-3.5 得分在倒數 10% 左右。 GPT-4 還可以讀取、分析或生成多達 25,000 個單詞的文本，並使用所有主要編程語言編寫代碼。<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2023-03-14 |title=OpenAI releases GPT-4, a multimodal AI that it claims is state-of-the-art |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/14/openai-releases-gpt-4-ai-that-it-claims-is-state-of-the-art/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315003723/https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/14/openai-releases-gpt-4-ai-that-it-claims-is-state-of-the-art/ |url-status=live }}</ref><!--
2023年3月14日，OpenAI宣布發布Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4（GPT-4），能夠接受文本或圖像輸入<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Vincent |first=James |date=2023-03-14 |title=OpenAI announces GPT-4 — the next generation of its AI language model |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/14/23638033/openai-gpt-4-chatgpt-multimodal-deep-learning |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=The Verge |language=en-US |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314195326/https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/14/23638033/openai-gpt-4-chatgpt-multimodal-deep-learning |url-status=live }}</ref>。OpenAI宣布更新後的技術通過了模擬法學院律師考試，得分在應試者的前10%左右；相比之下，之前的版本GPT-3.5得分在倒數10%左右。GPT-4還可以讀取、分析或生成多達25,000個單詞的文本，並使用所有主要編程語言編寫代碼。<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2023-03-14 |title=OpenAI releases GPT-4, a multimodal AI that it claims is state-of-the-art |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/14/openai-releases-gpt-4-ai-that-it-claims-is-state-of-the-art/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315003723/https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/14/openai-releases-gpt-4-ai-that-it-claims-is-state-of-the-art/ |url-status=live }}</ref><!--
During an interview with StrictlyVC, Altman [...] “It’ll come out at some point, when we are confident we can do it safely and responsibly,” he said.
During an interview with StrictlyVC, Altman [...] “It’ll come out at some point, when we are confident we can do it safely and responsibly,” he said.


第212行： 第213行：
==== Sora ====
==== Sora ====
{{main||Sora (人工智能模型)}}
{{main||Sora (人工智能模型)}}

==== O1 ====


=== 用户界面 ===
=== 用户界面 ===
第224行： 第227行：
{{main|DALL-E}}
{{main|DALL-E}}


[[File:DALL-E sample.png|thumb|300px|当给出文本提示“长颈鹿龙嵌合体的专业高质量插图。模仿龙的长颈鹿。由龙制成的长颈鹿。”时使用 DALL-E 1 生成的图像。 (2021年)]]
[[File:DALL-E sample.png|thumb|300px|当给出文本提示“长颈鹿龙嵌合体的专业高质量插图。模仿龙的长颈鹿。由龙制成的长颈鹿。”时使用 DALL-E 1 生成的图像。（2021年）]]


[[DALL-E]]于2021年发布，是一种Transformer模型，可根据文本描述创建图像<ref>{{cite web|url=https://openai.com/blog/dall-e/|title=DALL·E: Creating Images from Text|date=January 5, 2021|access-date=March 27, 2021|archive-date=March 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327133043/https://openai.com/blog/dall-e/|url-status=live}}</ref>。
[[DALL-E]]于2021年发布，是一种Transformer模型，可根据文本描述创建图像<ref>{{cite web|url=https://openai.com/blog/dall-e/|title=DALL·E: Creating Images from Text|date=January 5, 2021|access-date=March 27, 2021|archive-date=March 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327133043/https://openai.com/blog/dall-e/|url-status=live}}</ref>。


同样在2021年发布的 CLIP 反其道而行之：它为给定图像创建描述<ref>{{cite web|title=CLIP: Connecting Text and Images|date=January 5, 2021|url=https://openai.com/blog/clip/|access-date=March 27, 2021|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325202038/https://openai.com/blog/clip/|url-status=live}}</ref>。DALL-E使用GPT-3的120亿参数版本来解释自然语言输入（例如“形状像五边形的绿色皮革钱包”或“悲伤的水豚的等距视图”）并生成相应的图像。 它可以创建真实物体的图像（“带有蓝色草莓图像的彩色玻璃窗”）以及现实中不存在的物体（“带有豪猪纹理的立方体”）。 截至2021年3月，没有可用的 API 或代码。
同样在2021年发布的CLIP反其道而行之：它为给定图像创建描述<ref>{{cite web|title=CLIP: Connecting Text and Images|date=January 5, 2021|url=https://openai.com/blog/clip/|access-date=March 27, 2021|archive-date=March 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325202038/https://openai.com/blog/clip/|url-status=live}}</ref>。DALL-E使用GPT-3的120亿参数版本来解释自然语言输入（例如“形状像五边形的绿色皮革钱包”或“悲伤的水豚的等距视图”）并生成相应的图像。它可以创建真实物体的图像（“带有蓝色草莓图像的彩色玻璃窗”）以及现实中不存在的物体（“带有豪猪纹理的立方体”）。截至2021年3月，没有可用的API或代码。


===== DALL-E 2 =====
===== DALL-E 2 =====
2022 年 4 月，OpenAI 发布了 DALL-E 2，这是模型的更新版本，具有更逼真的结果<ref>{{cite web |title=DALL·E 2 |url=https://openai.com/dall-e-2/ |access-date=April 6, 2022 |website=OpenAI |language=en |archive-date=April 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406141035/https://openai.com/dall-e-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。 2022 年 12 月，OpenAI 在 GitHub 上发布了 Point-E 软件，这是一种用于将文本描述转换为3维模型的新基本系统<ref>{{cite news |title=ChatGPT: A scientist explains the hidden genius and pitfalls of OpenAI's chatbot |url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/chatgpt-scientist-openai-chatbot/ |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=BBC Science Focus Magazine |date=2022 |language=en |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201910/https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/chatgpt-scientist-openai-chatbot/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。
2022年4月，OpenAI发布了DALL-E 2，这是模型的更新版本，具有更逼真的结果<ref>{{cite web |title=DALL·E 2 |url=https://openai.com/dall-e-2/ |access-date=April 6, 2022 |website=OpenAI |language=en |archive-date=April 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406141035/https://openai.com/dall-e-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。2022年12月，OpenAI在GitHub上发布了Point-E软件，这是一种用于将文本描述转换为3维模型的新基本系统<ref>{{cite news |title=ChatGPT: A scientist explains the hidden genius and pitfalls of OpenAI's chatbot |url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/chatgpt-scientist-openai-chatbot/ |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=BBC Science Focus Magazine |date=2022 |language=en |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203201910/https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/chatgpt-scientist-openai-chatbot/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。


==== ChatGPT ====
==== ChatGPT ====
{{main|ChatGPT}}
{{main|ChatGPT}}


[[ChatGPT]]於2022年11月推出，是一種建立在 [[GPT-3]] 之上的人工智能工具，它提供了一個對話界面，允許用戶使用[[自然語言]]提問。 然後系統會在幾秒鐘內回復一個答案。 ChatGPT 在發布5天后就達到了100萬用戶。<ref>{{cite web |date=Dec 5, 2022 |title=Mira Murati via Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/miramurati/status/1599796191243669504 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214090229/https://twitter.com/miramurati/status/1599796191243669504 |archive-date=December 14, 2022 |access-date=December 15, 2022 |publisher=Mira Murati}}</ref>
[[ChatGPT]]於2022年11月推出，是一種建立在[[GPT-3]]之上的人工智能工具，它提供了一個對話界面，允許用戶使用[[自然語言]]提問。然後系統會在幾秒鐘內回復一個答案。ChatGPT在發布5天后就達到了100萬用戶。<ref>{{cite web |date=Dec 5, 2022 |title=Mira Murati via Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/miramurati/status/1599796191243669504 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214090229/https://twitter.com/miramurati/status/1599796191243669504 |archive-date=December 14, 2022 |access-date=December 15, 2022 |publisher=Mira Murati}}</ref>


==== ChatGPT Plus ====
==== ChatGPT Plus ====
ChatGPT Plus 是一項每月$20美元的訂閱服務，允許用戶在高峰時段訪問[[ChatGPT]]，提供更快的響應時間，並讓用戶提前訪問新功能。<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2023-02-01 |title=OpenAI launches ChatGPT Plus, starting at $20 per month |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/02/01/openai-launches-chatgpt-plus-starting-at-20-per-month/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212090719/https://techcrunch.com/2023/02/01/openai-launches-chatgpt-plus-starting-at-20-per-month/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
ChatGPT Plus是一項每月$20美元的訂閱服務，允許用戶在高峰時段訪問[[ChatGPT]]，提供更快的響應時間，並讓用戶提前訪問新功能。<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2023-02-01 |title=OpenAI launches ChatGPT Plus, starting at $20 per month |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/02/01/openai-launches-chatgpt-plus-starting-at-20-per-month/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |archive-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212090719/https://techcrunch.com/2023/02/01/openai-launches-chatgpt-plus-starting-at-20-per-month/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==== ChatGPT 插件商店：AI 聊天機器人的革命性升級 ====
==== ChatGPT插件商店：AI聊天機器人的革命性升級 ====
人工智能 (AI) 世界不斷發展，使聊天機器人比以往任何時候都更有能力。 最近推出的 ChatGPT 插件商店證明了這一進步，代表了 AI 聊天機器人的主要遊戲規則改變者。 這項突破性的創新使 ChatGPT 能夠訪問第三方插件，顯著增強其功能，並為開發人員和用戶等開啟了無限可能的世界<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naveed |first=Amer |date=2023-03-25 |title=ChatGPT Plugins Store: A Revolutionary Upgrade for AI Chatbots |url=https://buzzreported.blogspot.com/2023/03/chatgpt-plugins-store-revolutionary.html |url-status=no |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=Buzzreported |archive-date=2023-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518140211/https://buzzreported.blogspot.com/2023/03/chatgpt-plugins-store-revolutionary.html }}</ref>。
人工智能（AI）世界不斷發展，使聊天機器人比以往任何時候都更有能力。最近推出的ChatGPT插件商店證明了這一進步，代表了AI聊天機器人的主要遊戲規則改變者。這項突破性的創新使ChatGPT能夠訪問第三方插件，顯著增強其功能，並為開發人員和用戶等開啟了無限可能的世界<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naveed |first=Amer |date=2023-03-25 |title=ChatGPT Plugins Store: A Revolutionary Upgrade for AI Chatbots |url=https://buzzreported.blogspot.com/2023/03/chatgpt-plugins-store-revolutionary.html |url-status=no |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=Buzzreported |archive-date=2023-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518140211/https://buzzreported.blogspot.com/2023/03/chatgpt-plugins-store-revolutionary.html }}</ref>。

== 基本理念 ==
OpenAI表示，人工智能“应该是人类个体意志的延伸”，“本着自由的精神，在安全的情况下尽可能进行广泛和均匀地分布”。<ref name="bbc-giants" />

聯合董事長[[萨姆·阿尔特曼]]預計這個長達數十年的項目將超越人類智能。<ref name="wired_far_more">{{cite magazine|last1=Metz|first1=Cade|date=December 15, 2015|title=Elon Musk's Billion-Dollar AI Plan Is About Far More Than Saving the World|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/12/elon-musks-billion-dollar-ai-plan-is-about-far-more-than-saving-the-world/|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219155928/http://www.wired.com/2015/12/elon-musks-billion-dollar-ai-plan-is-about-far-more-than-saving-the-world/|archive-date=December 19, 2015|access-date=December 19, 2015|quote="Altman said they expect this decades-long project to surpass human intelligence."|url-status=live}}</ref>

⚫
[[印孚瑟斯]]前首席執行官{{le|維沙爾·辛卡|Vishal Sikka}}表示，“開放性”是他支持的基本要求，這種努力將“產生總體上符合人類更大利益的結果”，並且OpenAI“非常符合我們長期以來的價值觀”和他們“努力做有目的的工作”。<ref>{{cite web|title=OpenAI: AI for All|url=http://www.infosysblogs.com/infytalk/2015/12/openai_ai_for_all.html|website=InfyTalk|date=December 14, 2015|author1=Vishal Sikka|author1-link=Vishal Sikka|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222094518/http://www.infosysblogs.com/infytalk/2015/12/openai_ai_for_all.html|archive-date=December 22, 2015|access-date=December 22, 2015|publisher=[[Infosys]]}}</ref>

== 对潜在隐患的担忧 ==
科学家警告称，人工智能的进步最终可能会威胁到人类。 聯合創始人马斯克在对麻省理工学院的学生发言时表示，人工智能是人类“最大的生存威胁”。<ref>{{cite news|last1=Piper|first1=Kelsey|title=Why Elon Musk fears artificial intelligence|url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/11/2/18053418/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-google-deepmind-openai|access-date=March 10, 2021|work=Vox|date=November 2, 2018|language=en|archive-date=April 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423095445/https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/11/2/18053418/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-google-deepmind-openai|url-status=live}}</ref> 英国理论物理学家[[史蒂芬·霍金|斯蒂芬·霍金]]告诉英国广播公司（BBC），人工智能可能会“以越来越快的速度重新设计自己”，以超越生物进化来取代人类。<ref name="bbc-giants" /> 其他专家则认为，人工智能对人类构成任何威胁的风险仍然很遥远。

為了減輕人工智能的內在危險，OpenAI的創始人们將其構建為非營利組織，以便他們可以將研究重點放在對人類做出積極的長期貢獻上。<ref name="bbc-giants" /><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Tech leaders launch nonprofit to save the world from killer robots |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1214/Tech-leaders-launch-nonprofit-to-save-the-world-from-killer-robots |journal=Christian Science Monitor |issn=0882-7729 |access-date=2023-04-02 |archive-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415112210/https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1214/Tech-leaders-launch-nonprofit-to-save-the-world-from-killer-robots |dead-url=no }}</ref>

⚫
==争议==
⚫
《[[時代雜誌|时代周刊]]》调查显示，为了建立针对有害内容（例如[[性虐待]]、[[暴力]]、[[种族主义]]、[[性别歧视]]等）的安全系统，OpenAI使用每小时收入不到2美元的[[肯尼亚]]外包劳工来标记有害内容。这些标记用于训练模型以在未来检测此类内容。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: The $2 Per Hour Workers Who Made ChatGPT Safer|url=https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers/|website=Time|date=2023-01-18|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119152814/https://time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workers/|archive-date=2023-01-19|access-date=2023-11-21|dead-url=no}}</ref>

===== 对转向闭源的争议 =====
⚫
公司因对产品如[[GPT-4]]透露特别少的技术细节而受到批评，这与其最初对开放性的承诺相违背。OpenAI为竞争和安全原因辩解了这一战略转变。OpenAI的首席科学家[[伊尔亚·苏茨克维]]在2023年称，能力逐渐增强的模型开源变得越来越危险，“我预计在未来几年内，每个人都会完全理解开源的人工智能是不明智的。”<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vincent|first1=James|title=OpenAI co-founder on company's past approach to openly sharing research: "We were wrong"|url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/15/23640180/openai-gpt-4-launch-closed-research-ilya-sutskever-interview|access-date=20 August 2023|work=[[The Verge]]|date=15 March 2023|archive-date=March 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317210900/https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/15/23640180/openai-gpt-4-launch-closed-research-ilya-sutskever-interview|url-status=live}}</ref>


== 参见 ==
== 参见 ==
第253行： 第274行：
** [[GPT-3]]
** [[GPT-3]]
** [[GPT-4]]
** [[GPT-4]]
** [[GPT-4o]]
** [[DALL-E]]
** [[DALL-E]]
** [[OpenAI Codex]]
** [[OpenAI Codex]]
第269行： 第291行：
{{Existential risk from artificial intelligence}}
{{Existential risk from artificial intelligence}}
{{Elon Musk}}
{{Elon Musk}}
{{生成式人工智能}}

{{Portal bar|公司|美国|电脑和信息技术}}
{{Portal bar|公司|美国|电脑和信息技术}}


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[[Category:2015年加利福尼亞州建立]]
[[Category:2015年加利福尼亞州建立]]
[[Category:伊隆·馬斯克]]
[[Category:伊隆·馬斯克]]
[[Category:AI公司]]
[[Category:人工智慧公司]]
[[Category:人工智能]]
[[Category:人工智能]]

2024年11月10日 (日) 15:17的版本

提示：此条目页的主题不是OpenAL或OPENsi。
OpenAI
位于旧金山先锋大厦的总部
命名缘由開放、人工智能
成立時間2015年12月11日，​9年前​（2015-12-11）
創始人
創始地舊金山
類型非營利組織[3][4]
法律地位特拉华州法公司[*]、501(c)(3)組織
地址
產品OpenAI Five（英语：OpenAI Five）
服務聊天机器人
領導人萨姆·阿尔特曼
董事
萨姆·阿尔特曼、亞當·安捷羅 (2021年) 编辑维基数据
重要人物
收入
44,485 美元 (2022年) 编辑维基数据
捐款$10亿元承诺资金（2015）
員工数770（2023-11-20）[6][7]
網站openai.com 編輯維基數據鏈接
OpenAI
@OpenAI
YouTube 资料
頻道
訂閱量118萬
（截至2024年05月31日）
總观看量48,425,508次
（截至2024年05月31日）
10萬訂閱
100萬訂閱 2024/05/14
更新于2024年05月31日

OpenAI，中国大陆译为开放人工智能研究中心[8][9]，是一個美国人工智能研究實驗室，由非營利組織OpenAI Inc，和其營利組織子公司OpenAI LP所組成。OpenAI進行AI研究的目的是促進和发展友好的人工智能（英语：Friendly artificial intelligence），使人类整体受益。OpenAI系統運行在微軟基於Azure的超級計算平台上[10][11][12]。

該組織於2015年由萨姆·阿尔特曼、里德·霍夫曼、傑西卡·利文斯頓（英语：Jessica Livingston）、伊隆·马斯克、伊爾亞·蘇茨克維、沃伊切赫·薩倫巴、彼得·泰爾等人[13][2][14]在旧金山成立，他們共同認捐了10億美元。微軟在2019年向OpenAI LP提供了10億美元的投資，並在2023年1月向其提供了第二筆多年投資，據報導為100億美元[15]，用於獨家授權使用GPT-4，這將為微軟自己的Bing Prometheus模型提供支持[16]。

历史

2015–2018年：作为非营利机构起步

2015年底，萨姆·阿尔特曼、格雷格·布洛克曼、里德·霍夫曼、杰西卡·利文斯顿、彼得·蒂尔、伊隆·马斯克、亚马逊网络服务（AWS）、印孚瑟斯和YC Research宣布[17]成立OpenAI，并承诺向这个项目投入超过10亿美元。该组织表示将通过向公众开放其专利和研究，并与其他机构和研究者“自由合作”[18][19]。OpenAI的总部设于旧金山教会区的先锋大厦。[20][21]

据《连线》杂志报道，布洛克曼会见了深度学习“创始人”之一的约书亚·本希奥，并列出了该领域的“最佳研究者”名单。[22]在2015年12月，布洛克曼成功聘请了其中的九位作为首批员工。2016年，OpenAI支付了公司级别（而非营利组织级别）的薪水，但并未支付与Facebook或谷歌相当的AI研究者薪水。[23]

微软的Peter Lee表示，顶级AI研究者的成本超过了顶级NFL四分卫新秀的成本。[24]OpenAI的潜力和使命吸引了这些研究者来到这个公司；一位谷歌员工表示，他愿意离开谷歌去OpenAI，“部分原因是因为那里有一群非常强大的人，而更大程度上，是因为它的使命。”[25]布洛克曼表示，"我能想象到的最好的事情就是以安全的方式推动人类更接近真正的AI。"[26]OpenAI联合创始人沃伊切赫·扎伦巴表示，他拒绝了"近乎疯狂"的报价，这些报价是他市场价值的两到三倍，而他选择加入OpenAI。[27]

2016年，OpenAI宣称将制造“通用”机器人，希望能够预防人工智能的灾难性影响，推动人工智能发挥积极作用。[28]4月，OpenAI发布了“OpenAI Gym”的公共测试版，这是其强化学习研究平台。[29] 12月，OpenAI发布了“Universe”，这是一个软件平台，用于测量和训练AI在全球游戏、网站和其他应用中的通用智能。[30][31][32][33]

2017年，OpenAI僅在雲計算上就花費了$790萬美元，佔其職能支出的四分之一[34]。相比之下，DeepMind2017年的總支出為$4.42億美元。2018年夏天，僅僅訓練OpenAI的Dota 2機器人就需要從谷歌租用128,000個CPU和256個GPU，持续数周。

2018年2月，馬斯克辭去了董事會席位，理由是與他作為特斯拉首席執行官的角色存在“潛在的未來（利益）衝突”[35]因为特斯拉為自動駕駛汽車開發人工智能，萨姆·阿尔特曼聲稱馬斯克認為OpenAI已經落後於谷歌等其他公司，馬斯克提議自己接管OpenAI，但董事會拒絕了。馬斯克隨後將離開OpenAI，但聲稱仍然是捐贈者，但在他離開後沒有進行任何捐贈[36]。

2019年：向营利性公司转型

2019年3月1日成立OpenAI LP子公司，目的為營利所用。[37]

該公司隨後向其員工分配股權並與微軟合作，宣布向該公司投資10億美元。2019年7月22日微軟投資OpenAI $10億美元，雙方將攜手合作替Azure雲端平台服務開發人工智慧技術[38]。OpenAI還宣布打算對其技術進行商業許可[39]。OpenAI計劃“在五年內，而且可能更快”花費這10億美元[40]。萨姆·阿尔特曼表示，即使是10億美元也可能不夠，實驗室最終可能需要“比任何非營利組織籌集到的資金都多的資金”來實現通用人工智慧[41]。

2020年至今：ChatGPT、Sora、DALL-E以及与微軟的合作伙伴关系

参见：OpenAI § 阿尔特曼和布罗克曼短暂离开及董事会变局

2020年6月11日宣布了GPT-3語言模型，微軟於2020年9月22日取得獨家授權。[42][43]

2021年，OpenAI推出了DALL-E，這是一種深度學習模型，可以從自然語言描述中生成數字圖像[44]。

2022年11月30日，OpenAI发布了一个名为ChatGPT的自然语言生成式模型[45]，它以对话方式进行交互。在研究预览期间，用户注册并登陆后可免费使用ChatGPT。[46]。根據OpenAI的說法，預覽版在前五天內收到了超過一百萬的註冊[47]。據路透社2022年12月援引的匿名消息來源稱，OpenAI 預計2023年收入為$2億美元，2024年收入為$10億美元[48]。但是该项目对一些包括中国大陆、香港在内的地区暂不可用。

2023年3月2日，OpenAI发布了官方ChatGPT API，并允许第三方开发者利用该API将ChatGPT集成到他们的网站、产品和服务中[49]。

2023年3月3日，霍夫曼辭去了他的董事會席位，理由是希望避免他在OpenAI的董事會席位與他通過格雷洛克合伙公司（Greylock Partners）對AI技術公司的投資之間的利益衝突，以及他作為OpenAI的聯合創始人的角色AI技術初創公司Inflection AI。霍夫曼仍然是OpenAI的主要投資者微軟的董事會成員[50]。

2023年3月14日，OpenAI發布了GPT-4，既作為API（帶有waiting list）又作為ChatGPT Plus的一項功能[51]。

2024年2月15日，OpenAI发布了Sora，称该模型能够生成长达一分钟的视频。[52] 同时，OpenAI也承认了该技术的一些缺点，包括在模拟复杂物理现象方面的困难。[53]

2024年4月1日，OpenAI表示将许可用户在无注册的前提下直接使用ChatGPT。[54]

2024年5月13日，OpenAI发布了新模型GPT-4o，GPT-4o可以处理文字、语音、图像，“o”代表“omni”，即全能的意思。[55][56]

2024年6月25日，OpenAI表示自7月9日起，将停止对中国开发者提供API接口服务。[57]

2024年11月，OpenAI收購了歷史悠久的域名Chat.com，並將Chat.com重定向至ChatGPT。[58][59]

公司构成

OpenAI联合创始人：萨姆·阿尔特曼（Sam Altman）

主要员工：

OpenAI非營利組織董事會：

個人投資者：

企業投資者：

事件

阿尔特曼和布罗克曼短暂离职及董事会变局

参见：萨姆·阿尔特曼被OpenAI开除（英语：Removal_of_Sam_Altman_from_OpenAI）

2023年11月17日，OpenAI发布声明，宣布公司首席执行官萨姆·阿尔特曼将离开公司，即时生效；公司现首席技术官米拉·穆拉蒂被任命为临时首席执行官。OpenAI称，接任CEO的人选仍在确认过程中[67]。20日，OpenAI宣布前Twitch联合创始人埃米特·薛尔（英语：Emmett Shear）将担任公司新任首席执行官。[68]受OpenAI開除萨姆·阿尔特曼的影响，OpenAI联合创始人之一的格雷格·布罗克曼也宣布从公司离职。此外公司有多位骨干成员也相继宣布离开OpenAI。

据报道，GitHub前首席执行官奈特·弗里德曼（Nat Friedman）和Scale AI（英语：Scale AI）首席执行官亚历山大·王（Alexandr Wang）拒绝了董事会的OpenAI首席执行官职位的提议。[69]

OpenAI 770名员工中的738名（包括米拉·穆拉蒂和伊尔亚·苏茨克维）签署了一封公开信，表示如果董事会不重新聘请萨姆·阿尔特曼担任首席执行官并随后辞职，他们将辞去工作并加入微软。[70][71]投资者正在考虑对董事会成员采取法律行动，以应对可能出现的大规模辞职和萨姆·阿尔特曼被免职的情况。[72]对此，OpenAI管理层向员工发送了一份内部备忘录，表示与阿尔特曼和董事会的谈判已恢复进行，并且需要一些时间。[73]2023年11月21日，微软CTO凱文·斯科特（Kevin Scott）宣布，转入该公司的OpenAI员工将获得与在OpenAI工作时相同的薪酬。[74]

11月22日，OpenAI通过X（前Twitter）宣布，萨姆·阿尔特曼回归重任首席执行官，并会重组新的董事会，由前云端企业Salesforce共同执行长布雷特·泰勒（Bret Taylor）担任董事长，另外成员还包括前美国财政部长勞倫斯·薩默斯（Larry Summers）和Quora执行官暨原董事会成员亞當·安捷羅（Adam D'angelo）。[75]

2023年11月22日，有报道称阿尔特曼被OpenAI解雇可能与他涉嫌对秘密项目Q*（Qstar）[76]的重大突破处理不当有关。据OpenAI内部消息人士透露，Q*项目旨在开发人工智能在逻辑推理和定理证明方面的能力，两名知情人士告诉路透社，在OpenAI首席执行官萨姆·阿尔特曼离职四天之前，几位工作人员研究人员给董事会写了一封信，警告说，他们认为一项强大的人工智能发现可能会威胁人类。[77][78]

2023年11月29日，OpenAI创始人萨姆·阿尔特曼在备忘录中宣布，他将重新担任OpenAI首席执行官，曾临时代任首席执行官的米拉·穆拉蒂将继续担任首席技术官，微软将在公司董事会中获得一个无投票权的观察员席位。[79]

2023年11月30日，OpenAI原董事会成员海伦·托纳（Helen Toner）在社交平台发文称，她正式辞去了OpenAI董事会的职务。[80]

產品與應用

截至2021年，OpenAI 的研究重點是強化學習（RL）[81]。OpenAI被視為DeepMind的重要競爭對手[82]。

Gym

RoboSumo

电子游戏机器人和基准测试

OpenAI Five

GYM Retro

Dactyl

API

2020年6月，OpenAI宣布了一个多用途应用程序接口（API），据称“用于访问OpenAI开发的新AI模型”，让开发人员调用它来执行“任何英语AI任务”。[83][84]

生成式模型

OpenAI的原始GPT模型

更多信息：基于转换器的生成式预训练模型
原始GPT 模型

關於語言模型的生成預訓練（GPT）的原始論文由 Alec Radford 及其同事撰寫，並於2018年6月11日以預印本形式發佈在OpenAI的網站上[85]。它展示了語言的生成模型如何能夠通過對具有長段連續文本的多樣化語料庫進行預訓練來獲取世界知識和處理遠程依賴關係。

GPT-2

主条目：GPT-2
2021年2月，GPT-2根据自己的维基百科文章中的提示撰写段落的一个实例

GPT-3

主条目：GPT-3

Codex

主条目：OpenAI Codex

GPT-4

主条目：GPT-4

2023年3月14日，OpenAI宣布發布Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4（GPT-4），能夠接受文本或圖像輸入[86]。OpenAI宣布更新後的技術通過了模擬法學院律師考試，得分在應試者的前10%左右；相比之下，之前的版本GPT-3.5得分在倒數10%左右。GPT-4還可以讀取、分析或生成多達25,000個單詞的文本，並使用所有主要編程語言編寫代碼。[87]

Sora

主条目：Sora (人工智能模型)

O1

用户界面

MuseNet和Jukebox（音乐）

Microscope

DALL-E和CLIP（图片）

主条目：DALL-E
当给出文本提示“长颈鹿龙嵌合体的专业高质量插图。模仿龙的长颈鹿。由龙制成的长颈鹿。”时使用 DALL-E 1 生成的图像。（2021年）

DALL-E于2021年发布，是一种Transformer模型，可根据文本描述创建图像[88]。

同样在2021年发布的CLIP反其道而行之：它为给定图像创建描述[89]。DALL-E使用GPT-3的120亿参数版本来解释自然语言输入（例如“形状像五边形的绿色皮革钱包”或“悲伤的水豚的等距视图”）并生成相应的图像。它可以创建真实物体的图像（“带有蓝色草莓图像的彩色玻璃窗”）以及现实中不存在的物体（“带有豪猪纹理的立方体”）。截至2021年3月，没有可用的API或代码。

DALL-E 2

2022年4月，OpenAI发布了DALL-E 2，这是模型的更新版本，具有更逼真的结果[90]。2022年12月，OpenAI在GitHub上发布了Point-E软件，这是一种用于将文本描述转换为3维模型的新基本系统[91]。

ChatGPT

主条目：ChatGPT

ChatGPT於2022年11月推出，是一種建立在GPT-3之上的人工智能工具，它提供了一個對話界面，允許用戶使用自然語言提問。然後系統會在幾秒鐘內回復一個答案。ChatGPT在發布5天后就達到了100萬用戶。[92]

ChatGPT Plus

ChatGPT Plus是一項每月$20美元的訂閱服務，允許用戶在高峰時段訪問ChatGPT，提供更快的響應時間，並讓用戶提前訪問新功能。[93]

ChatGPT插件商店：AI聊天機器人的革命性升級

人工智能（AI）世界不斷發展，使聊天機器人比以往任何時候都更有能力。最近推出的ChatGPT插件商店證明了這一進步，代表了AI聊天機器人的主要遊戲規則改變者。這項突破性的創新使ChatGPT能夠訪問第三方插件，顯著增強其功能，並為開發人員和用戶等開啟了無限可能的世界[94]。

基本理念

OpenAI表示，人工智能“应该是人类个体意志的延伸”，“本着自由的精神，在安全的情况下尽可能进行广泛和均匀地分布”。[20]

聯合董事長萨姆·阿尔特曼預計這個長達數十年的項目將超越人類智能。[95]

印孚瑟斯前首席執行官維沙爾·辛卡（英语：Vishal Sikka）表示，“開放性”是他支持的基本要求，這種努力將“產生總體上符合人類更大利益的結果”，並且OpenAI“非常符合我們長期以來的價值觀”和他們“努力做有目的的工作”。[96]

对潜在隐患的担忧

科学家警告称，人工智能的进步最终可能会威胁到人类。 聯合創始人马斯克在对麻省理工学院的学生发言时表示，人工智能是人类“最大的生存威胁”。[97] 英国理论物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金告诉英国广播公司（BBC），人工智能可能会“以越来越快的速度重新设计自己”，以超越生物进化来取代人类。[20] 其他专家则认为，人工智能对人类构成任何威胁的风险仍然很遥远。

為了減輕人工智能的內在危險，OpenAI的創始人们將其構建為非營利組織，以便他們可以將研究重點放在對人類做出積極的長期貢獻上。[20][98]

争议

《时代周刊》调查显示，为了建立针对有害内容（例如性虐待、暴力、种族主义、性别歧视等）的安全系统，OpenAI使用每小时收入不到2美元的肯尼亚外包劳工来标记有害内容。这些标记用于训练模型以在未来检测此类内容。[99]

对转向闭源的争议

公司因对产品如GPT-4透露特别少的技术细节而受到批评，这与其最初对开放性的承诺相违背。OpenAI为竞争和安全原因辩解了这一战略转变。OpenAI的首席科学家伊尔亚·苏茨克维在2023年称，能力逐渐增强的模型开源变得越来越危险，“我预计在未来几年内，每个人都会完全理解开源的人工智能是不明智的。”[100]

参见

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  76. ^ OpenAI Q Star Could Have a Mostly Automated and Scalable Way to Improve. [2023-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-08）. 
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    There are three main reasons we did this. First, commercializing the technology helps us pay for our ongoing AI research, safety, and policy efforts. Second, many of the models underlying the API are very large, taking a lot of expertise to develop and deploy and making them very expensive to run. This makes it hard for anyone except larger companies to benefit from the underlying technology. We're hopeful that the API will make powerful AI systems more accessible to smaller businesses and organizations. Third, the API model allows us to more easily respond to misuse of the technology. Since it is hard to predict the downstream use cases of our models, it feels inherently safer to release them via an API and broaden access over time, rather than release an open source model where access cannot be adjusted if it turns out to have harmful applications.     
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  99. ^ Exclusive: The $2 Per Hour Workers Who Made ChatGPT Safer. Time. 2023-01-18 [2023-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-19） （英语）. 
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