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2024年巴西南里奥格兰德州洪灾：修订间差异

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{{NoteTA
{{NoteTA
|G1 = BR Places
|G1 = BR Places
|1=zh-hans:卢拉; zh-hant:盧拉; zh-tw:魯拉;
}}
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{{Infobox flood
{{Infobox flood
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| duration = {{start date|2024|04|29}} – 现在
| duration = {{start date|2024|04|29}} – 现在
| date =
| date =
| fatalities = 至少136人<ref name="GloboReport1">{{Cite news|last=Paz|first=Maurício|date=2024-05-08|title=Em 5 dias, volume de chuvas em Porto Alegre deve superar média de maio das últimas três décadas|language=pt-BR|url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/08/em-5-dias-volume-de-chuvas-em-porto-alegre-deve-superar-media-de-maio-das-ultimas-tres-decadas.ghtml|website=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|publisher=[[Grupo Globo]]|access-date=2024-05-08|archive-date=2024-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508062236/https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/08/em-5-dias-volume-de-chuvas-em-porto-alegre-deve-superar-media-de-maio-das-ultimas-tres-decadas.ghtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| fatalities = 至少149人<ref name="GloboReport1">{{Cite news|last=Paz|first=Maurício|date=2024-05-08|title=Em 5 dias, volume de chuvas em Porto Alegre deve superar média de maio das últimas três décadas|language=pt-BR|url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/08/em-5-dias-volume-de-chuvas-em-porto-alegre-deve-superar-media-de-maio-das-ultimas-tres-decadas.ghtml|website=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|publisher=[[Grupo Globo]]|access-date=2024-05-08|archive-date=2024-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508062236/https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/08/em-5-dias-volume-de-chuvas-em-porto-alegre-deve-superar-media-de-maio-das-ultimas-tres-decadas.ghtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| injured = 至少756人<ref name="GloboReport" />
| injured = 至少806人<ref name="GloboReport" />
| missing = 至少125人<ref name="GloboReport" />
| missing = 至少108人<ref name="GloboReport" />
| affected = [[巴西]][[南里奥格兰德州]]
| affected = [[巴西]][[南里奥格兰德州]]
}}
}}
'''2024年巴西南里奥格兰德州洪灾'''是指自2024年4月29日起，<ref name="AJ">{{Cite news|date=2024-05-04|title='It's going to be worse': Brazil braces for more pain amid record flooding|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/4/its-going-to-be-worse-brazil-braces-for-more-pain-amid-record-flooding|accessdate=2024-05-04|publisher=[[半岛媒体集团]]|archivedate=2024-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504133523/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/4/its-going-to-be-worse-brazil-braces-for-more-pain-amid-record-flooding}}</ref>巴西[[南里奥格兰德州]]境内出现的因[[暴风雨]]引发的[[洪災]]。此次洪災造成至少136人死亡，並且當地出現大面積的山体滑坡，一座[[水坝]]還因洪災而倒塌。<ref name="REUTERS">{{Cite news|date=2024-05-03|title=Rains in southern Brazil kill at least 39, some 70 still missing|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/rains-southern-brazil-kill-least-31-more-than-70-still-missing-2024-05-03/|accessdate=2024-05-04|publisher=[[路透社]]|archivedate=2024-05-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503184912/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/rains-southern-brazil-kill-least-31-more-than-70-still-missing-2024-05-03/}}</ref><ref name="IlPost">{{Cite web|title=Le disastrose alluvioni nel sud del Brasile|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2024/05/05/alluvioni-porto-alegre-morti-sfollati/|website={{tsl|en|Il Post}}|date=2024-05-05|language=it-IT|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507140743/https://www.ilpost.it/2024/05/05/alluvioni-porto-alegre-morti-sfollati/|archive-date=2024-05-07|access-date=2024-05-06}}</ref> 此次洪災是巴西80多年来最严重的一次洪灾。<ref name="AJ" />
'''2024年巴西南里奥格兰德州洪灾'''是指自2024年4月29日起，<ref name="AJ">{{Cite news|date=2024-05-04|title='It's going to be worse': Brazil braces for more pain amid record flooding|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/4/its-going-to-be-worse-brazil-braces-for-more-pain-amid-record-flooding|accessdate=2024-05-04|publisher=[[半岛媒体集团]]|archivedate=2024-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504133523/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/4/its-going-to-be-worse-brazil-braces-for-more-pain-amid-record-flooding}}</ref>巴西[[南里奥格兰德州]]境内出现的因[[暴风雨]]引发的[[洪災]]。此次洪災造成至少149人死亡，並且當地出現大面積的山体滑坡，一座[[水坝]]還因洪災而倒塌。<ref name="REUTERS">{{Cite news|date=2024-05-03|title=Rains in southern Brazil kill at least 39, some 70 still missing|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/rains-southern-brazil-kill-least-31-more-than-70-still-missing-2024-05-03/|accessdate=2024-05-04|publisher=[[路透社]]|archivedate=2024-05-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503184912/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/rains-southern-brazil-kill-least-31-more-than-70-still-missing-2024-05-03/}}</ref><ref name="IlPost">{{Cite web|title=Le disastrose alluvioni nel sud del Brasile|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2024/05/05/alluvioni-porto-alegre-morti-sfollati/|website={{tsl|en|Il Post}}|date=2024-05-05|language=it-IT|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507140743/https://www.ilpost.it/2024/05/05/alluvioni-porto-alegre-morti-sfollati/|archive-date=2024-05-07|access-date=2024-05-06}}</ref> 此次洪災是巴西80多年来最严重的一次洪灾。<ref name="AJ" />


繼2023年7月、9月、和11月發生75人死亡的類似災難之後，這次洪水是[[巴西]]同一個[[回归年|太陽年]]發生的第四次此類環境災難。<ref name="IlPost" /><ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news |date=3 May 2024 |title=Brazil: 37 killed and dozens missing in worst floods in 80 years |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/03/brazil-floods-rio-grande-do-sul |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505021255/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/03/brazil-floods-rio-grande-do-sul |archive-date=5 May 2024 |access-date=6 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>
繼2023年7月、9月、和11月發生75人死亡的類似災難之後，這次洪水是[[巴西]]同一個[[回归年|太陽年]]發生的第四次此類環境災難。<ref name="IlPost" /><ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news |date=2024-05-03 |title=Brazil: 37 killed and dozens missing in worst floods in 80 years |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/03/brazil-floods-rio-grande-do-sul |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505021255/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/03/brazil-floods-rio-grande-do-sul |archive-date=2024-05-05 |access-date=2024-05-06 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>


== 影響 ==
== 影響 ==
截至2024年5月11日，南里奥格兰德州境內至少有136人死亡，756人受伤，125人失踪。至少有41萬人流离失所。<ref name="GloboReport"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" id="CITEREFPaz2024"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="233">Paz, Maurício (8 May 2024). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="234">[https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/08/em-5-dias-volume-de-chuvas-em-porto-alegre-deve-superar-media-de-maio-das-ultimas-tres-decadas.ghtml "Em 5 dias, volume de chuvas em Porto Alegre deve superar média de maio das últimas três décadas"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="235">''{{tsl|en|G1 (website)}}'' (in Brazilian Portuguese). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="237">[[环球集团]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="239"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2024</span>.</span></cite></ref>南里奥格兰德州境內有超过44万人断电及64萬人断水 <ref name="REUTERS" /><ref name="G1 Death Toll">{{Cite web|title=Temporais no RS: Defesa Civil confirma 66 mortes e investiga outros 6 óbitos|url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/05/temporais-no-rs-defesa-civil-confirma-66-mortes-e-investiga-outros-6-obitos.ghtml|website={{tsl|en|G1 (website)}}|date=2024-05-05|language=pt-BR|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505150428/https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/05/temporais-no-rs-defesa-civil-confirma-66-mortes-e-investiga-outros-6-obitos.ghtml|archive-date=2024-05-05|access-date=2024-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Rocha|first=Leonardo|author2=Lukiv|first2=Jaroslav|date=2024-05-03|title=Brazil floods: Dam collapses and death toll rises in Rio Grande do Sul|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-68948239|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503234004/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-68948239|archivedate=2024-05-03|accessdate=2024-05-04|work=[[英國廣播公司新聞部]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>该州有 444个市鎮遭到洪水侵袭， <ref name="GloboReport" />许多道路和桥梁被毁。<ref name="REUTERS" /><ref name="IlPost" /> [[拉热阿杜]]、[[埃斯特雷拉]]<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite news|date=2024-05-03|title=Brazil: 37 killed and dozens missing in worst floods in 80 years|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/03/brazil-floods-rio-grande-do-sul|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505021255/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/03/brazil-floods-rio-grande-do-sul|archivedate=2024-05-05|accessdate=2024-05-06|work=[[衛報]]|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|agency=[[美联社]]}}</ref>、[[穆孙]]、[[南克魯賽羅 (南里奧格蘭德州)|南克魯賽羅]]和[[阿罗约多梅约]]<ref name="5th Day">{{Cite web|title=Cidades do Rio Grande do Sul continuam isoladas pelo 5º dia após chuvas devastadoras|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/cidades-do-rio-grande-do-sul-continuam-isoladas-pelo-5o-dia-apos-chuvas-devastadoras/|website={{tsl|en|CNN Brasil}}|date=2024-05-06|language=pt-BR|last=Zanatta|first=Pedro|last2=Rigue|first2=André|last3=Lauxen|first3=Nathalia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506122833/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/cidades-do-rio-grande-do-sul-continuam-isoladas-pelo-5o-dia-apos-chuvas-devastadoras/|archive-date=2024-05-06|access-date=2024-05-06}}</ref> 等地因受洪水影响而交通中斷。<ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="5th Day" /><ref name="Guardian" />南里奥格兰德州首府[[阿雷格里港]]大部分地区被洪水淹没，城市境內的60多条街道已完全无法通行。 '''<ref name="5th Day" />''' <ref name="Correio">{{Cite web|title=Guaíba passa dos 5 metros e Porto Alegre amanhece com mais regiões atingidas pela enchente|url=https://www.correiodopovo.com.br/not%C3%ADcias/cidades/gua%C3%ADba-passa-dos-5-metros-e-porto-alegre-amanhece-com-mais-regi%C3%B5es-atingidas-pela-enchente-1.1490965|website={{tsl|en|Correio do Povo}}|date=2024-05-04|language=pt-BR|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507140659/https://www.correiodopovo.com.br/not%C3%ADcias/cidades/gua%C3%ADba-passa-dos-5-metros-e-porto-alegre-amanhece-com-mais-regi%C3%B5es-atingidas-pela-enchente-1.1490965|archive-date=2024-05-07|access-date=2024-05-06}}</ref>几乎所有受灾城市都停课，386所学校受损，52所学校被改建为避难所。<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Sobe para 85 o número de mortos após enchentes que atingem o RS|url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/06/temporais-rs-mortes-06-05-noite.ghtml|website={{tsl|en|G1 (website)}}|date=2024-05-06|language=pt-BR|access-date=2024-05-08}}</ref>該州至少有85个城市的互联网和电话服务中断，當地三大电信运营商的服务均受到影响。<ref name=":2" />150万公顷農作物损失。<ref>{{cite news| title=巴西南里奥格兰德州大豆产量：150万公顷作物损失_降雨量_影响_预测 | website=搜狐 | date=2024-05-08 | url=https://www.sohu.com/a/777298461_639898?scm=1101.topic:35157:110017.0.9.a2_3X2538-0806_919&spm=smpc.channel_103.tpl-rank-bar-pc.7.1715166000010DA5oXoZ_380 | language=zh | access-date=2024-05-08}}</ref>
截至2024年5月14日，南里奥格兰德州境內至少有149人死亡，806人受伤，108人失踪。至少有76萬人流离失所。<ref name="GloboReport"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" id="CITEREFPaz2024"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="233">Paz, Maurício (8 May 2024). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="234">[https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/08/em-5-dias-volume-de-chuvas-em-porto-alegre-deve-superar-media-de-maio-das-ultimas-tres-decadas.ghtml "Em 5 dias, volume de chuvas em Porto Alegre deve superar média de maio das últimas três décadas"] {{Wayback|url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/08/em-5-dias-volume-de-chuvas-em-porto-alegre-deve-superar-media-de-maio-das-ultimas-tres-decadas.ghtml |date=20240508062236 }}. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="235">''{{tsl|en|G1 (website)}}'' (in Brazilian Portuguese). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="237">[[环球集团]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="239"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2024</span>.</span></cite></ref>南里奥格兰德州境內有超过44万人断电及64萬人断水 <ref name="REUTERS" /><ref name="G1 Death Toll">{{Cite web|title=Temporais no RS: Defesa Civil confirma 66 mortes e investiga outros 6 óbitos|url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/05/temporais-no-rs-defesa-civil-confirma-66-mortes-e-investiga-outros-6-obitos.ghtml|website={{tsl|en|G1 (website)}}|date=2024-05-05|language=pt-BR|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505150428/https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/05/temporais-no-rs-defesa-civil-confirma-66-mortes-e-investiga-outros-6-obitos.ghtml|archive-date=2024-05-05|access-date=2024-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Rocha|first=Leonardo|author2=Lukiv|first2=Jaroslav|date=2024-05-03|title=Brazil floods: Dam collapses and death toll rises in Rio Grande do Sul|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-68948239|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503234004/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-68948239|archivedate=2024-05-03|accessdate=2024-05-04|work=[[英國廣播公司新聞部]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>该州有 447个市鎮遭到洪水侵袭， <ref name="GloboReport" />许多道路和桥梁被毁。<ref name="REUTERS" /><ref name="IlPost" /> [[拉热阿杜]]、[[埃斯特雷拉]]<ref name="Guardian"/>、[[穆孙]]、[[南克魯賽羅 (南里奧格蘭德州)|南克魯賽羅]]和[[阿罗约多梅约]]<ref name="5th Day">{{Cite web|title=Cidades do Rio Grande do Sul continuam isoladas pelo 5º dia após chuvas devastadoras|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/cidades-do-rio-grande-do-sul-continuam-isoladas-pelo-5o-dia-apos-chuvas-devastadoras/|website={{tsl|en|CNN Brasil}}|date=2024-05-06|language=pt-BR|last=Zanatta|first=Pedro|last2=Rigue|first2=André|last3=Lauxen|first3=Nathalia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506122833/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/cidades-do-rio-grande-do-sul-continuam-isoladas-pelo-5o-dia-apos-chuvas-devastadoras/|archive-date=2024-05-06|access-date=2024-05-06}}</ref> 等地因受洪水影响而交通中斷。<ref name="Guardian" /><ref name="5th Day" /><ref name="Guardian" />南里奥格兰德州首府[[阿雷格里港]]大部分地区被洪水淹没，城市境內的60多条街道已完全无法通行。 '''<ref name="5th Day" />''' <ref name="Correio">{{Cite web|title=Guaíba passa dos 5 metros e Porto Alegre amanhece com mais regiões atingidas pela enchente|url=https://www.correiodopovo.com.br/not%C3%ADcias/cidades/gua%C3%ADba-passa-dos-5-metros-e-porto-alegre-amanhece-com-mais-regi%C3%B5es-atingidas-pela-enchente-1.1490965|website={{tsl|en|Correio do Povo}}|date=2024-05-04|language=pt-BR|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507140659/https://www.correiodopovo.com.br/not%C3%ADcias/cidades/gua%C3%ADba-passa-dos-5-metros-e-porto-alegre-amanhece-com-mais-regi%C3%B5es-atingidas-pela-enchente-1.1490965|archive-date=2024-05-07|access-date=2024-05-06}}</ref>几乎所有受灾城市都停课，386所学校受损，52所学校被改建为避难所。<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Sobe para 85 o número de mortos após enchentes que atingem o RS|url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/06/temporais-rs-mortes-06-05-noite.ghtml|website={{tsl|en|G1 (website)}}|date=2024-05-06|language=pt-BR|access-date=2024-05-08|archive-date=2024-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507023056/https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/06/temporais-rs-mortes-06-05-noite.ghtml|dead-url=no}}</ref>該州至少有85个城市的互联网和电话服务中断，當地三大电信运营商的服务均受到影响。<ref name=":2" />150万公顷農作物损失。<ref>{{cite news | title=巴西南里奥格兰德州大豆产量：150万公顷作物损失_降雨量_影响_预测 | website=搜狐 | date=2024-05-08 | url=https://www.sohu.com/a/777298461_639898?scm=1101.topic:35157:110017.0.9.a2_3X2538-0806_919&spm=smpc.channel_103.tpl-rank-bar-pc.7.1715166000010DA5oXoZ_380 | language=zh | access-date=2024-05-08 | archive-date=2024-05-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508121401/https://www.sohu.com/a/777298461_639898?scm=1101.topic:35157:110017.0.9.a2_3X2538-0806_919&spm=smpc.channel_103.tpl-rank-bar-pc.7.1715166000010DA5oXoZ_380 | dead-url=no }}</ref>


== 反應和人道主義努力 ==
== 反應和人道主義努力 ==
[[File:05.05.2024 - Sobrevoo das áreas afetadas pelas chuvas em Canoas - 53700938095.jpg|thumb|2024 年 5 月 5 日，路易斯·伊納西奧·盧拉·達席爾瓦總統飛越卡諾阿斯洪水地區]]
[[File:05.05.2024 - Sobrevoo das áreas afetadas pelas chuvas em Canoas - 53700938095.jpg|thumb|2024 年 5 月 5 日，路易斯·伊納西奧·盧拉·達席爾瓦總統飛越卡諾阿斯洪水地區]]


洪水發生後，[[南里奥格兰德州]]州長愛德華多·萊特(Eduardo Leite) 表示，洪水是“絕對前所未有的緊急情況”<ref name="IlPost" />， 也是該州有史以來經歷過的“最嚴重的氣候災難”<ref name="G1 Decree">{{Cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=Rio Grande do Sul decreta estado de calamidade pública por conta das cheias |url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/02/rio-grande-do-sul-decreta-estado-de-calamidade-publica-por-conta-das-cheias.ghtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502183657/https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/02/rio-grande-do-sul-decreta-estado-de-calamidade-publica-por-conta-das-cheias.ghtml |archive-date=2 May 2024 |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref>，甚至比去年的洪水還要嚴重<ref name="G1 Decree" /> 。 5月1日，地方政府正式宣布進入為期180天的[[緊急狀態]]。<ref name="G1 Decree" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2024 |title=Decreto Nº 57.596, de 1º de Maio de 2024 |url=https://www.diariooficial.rs.gov.br/materia?id=997980 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502232512/https://www.diariooficial.rs.gov.br/materia?id=997980 |archive-date=2 May 2024 |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=Diário Oficial do Rio Grande do Sul |publisher=[[Rio Grande do Sul]] |language=pt-BR |trans-quote=Art. 2 This Decree comes into force on the date of its publication and will remain in force for a period of 180 days.}}</ref> 5 月 5 日，政府宣布批准一項價值R$ 1.177 億[[巴西雷亚尔|雷亞爾]]（2,180 萬美元）的一攬子計劃，旨在恢復該州因洪水受損的基礎設施。<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2024 |title=Governo destina R$ 117,7 milhões para a reconstrução de estradas estaduais |url=https://www.estado.rs.gov.br/governo-destina-r-117-7-milhoes-para-a-reconstrucao-de-estradas-estaduais |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=Portal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul |publisher=[[Rio Grande do Sul]] |language=pt-BR |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506143431/https://estado.rs.gov.br/governo-destina-r-117-7-milhoes-para-a-reconstrucao-de-estradas-estaduais |url-status=live }}</ref>
洪水發生後，[[南里奥格兰德州]]州長愛德華多·萊特（Eduardo Leite）表示，洪水是“絕對前所未有的緊急情況”<ref name="IlPost" />， 也是該州有史以來經歷過的“最嚴重的氣候災難”<ref name="G1 Decree">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=Rio Grande do Sul decreta estado de calamidade pública por conta das cheias |url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/02/rio-grande-do-sul-decreta-estado-de-calamidade-publica-por-conta-das-cheias.ghtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502183657/https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2024/05/02/rio-grande-do-sul-decreta-estado-de-calamidade-publica-por-conta-das-cheias.ghtml |archive-date=2024-05-02 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=[[G1 (website)|G1]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref>，甚至比去年的洪水還要嚴重<ref name="G1 Decree" /> 。 5月1日，地方政府正式宣布進入為期180天的[[緊急狀態]]。<ref name="G1 Decree" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-01 |title=Decreto Nº 57.596, de 1º de Maio de 2024 |url=https://www.diariooficial.rs.gov.br/materia?id=997980 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502232512/https://www.diariooficial.rs.gov.br/materia?id=997980 |archive-date=2024-05-02 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Diário Oficial do Rio Grande do Sul |publisher=[[Rio Grande do Sul]] |language=pt-BR |trans-quote=Art. 2 This Decree comes into force on the date of its publication and will remain in force for a period of 180 days.}}</ref> 5 月 5 日，政府宣布批准一項價值R$ 1.177 億[[巴西雷亚尔|雷亞爾]]（2,180 萬美元）的一攬子計劃，旨在恢復該州因洪水受損的基礎設施。<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-06 |title=Governo destina R$ 117,7 milhões para a reconstrução de estradas estaduais |url=https://www.estado.rs.gov.br/governo-destina-r-117-7-milhoes-para-a-reconstrucao-de-estradas-estaduais |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Portal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul |publisher=[[Rio Grande do Sul]] |language=pt-BR |archive-date=2024-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506143431/https://estado.rs.gov.br/governo-destina-r-117-7-milhoes-para-a-reconstrucao-de-estradas-estaduais |url-status=live }}</ref>


總統[[路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦]]於5月2日訪問[[南里奥格兰德州]]<ref name="Sky">{{Cite web |last=Gilbody Dickerson |first=Claire |date=3 May 2024 |title=Brazil floods: 29 people killed and thousands more displaced |url=https://news.sky.com/story/brazil-floods-29-people-killed-and-thousands-more-displaced-13127916 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503084003/https://news.sky.com/story/brazil-floods-29-people-killed-and-thousands-more-displaced-13127916 |archive-date=3 May 2024 |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=[[Sky News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{Cite web |last=Munhoz |first=Fábio |date=2 May 2024 |title=Chuvas no RS: "não vamos permitir que falte recursos para reparar os danos", diz Lula |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/chuvas-no-rs-nao-vamos-permitir-que-falte-recursos-para-reparar-os-danos-diz-lula/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503171400/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/chuvas-no-rs-nao-vamos-permitir-que-falte-recursos-para-reparar-os-danos-diz-lula/ |archive-date=3 May 2024 |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=[[CNN Brasil]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref>，在[[聖瑪麗亞 (南里奧格蘭德州)|聖瑪麗亞]]舉行公開演講。 聯邦政府派出飛機、船隻和 600 多名士兵協助清理道路、分發食物、水和床墊以及建立避難所，而當地志工也協助進行搜索工作。 據報道，來自陸軍、海軍和空軍的 1,100 多名士兵以及 BMRS 軍官和消防員中的 2,000 多名士兵參與了全州的救援行動。 巴伊亞州、聖埃斯皮里圖州、戈亞斯州、馬托格羅索州、米納斯吉拉斯州、巴拉那州、裡約熱內盧州、聖卡塔琳娜州和聖保羅州政府也派出了國家部隊和民防成員。 國民軍也在拉熱阿多市建立了一座擁有 40 個床位的野戰醫院。
總統[[路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦]]於5月2日訪問[[南里奥格兰德州]]<ref name="Sky">{{Cite web |last=Gilbody Dickerson |first=Claire |date=2024-05-03 |title=Brazil floods: 29 people killed and thousands more displaced |url=https://news.sky.com/story/brazil-floods-29-people-killed-and-thousands-more-displaced-13127916 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503084003/https://news.sky.com/story/brazil-floods-29-people-killed-and-thousands-more-displaced-13127916 |archive-date=2024-05-03 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[Sky News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{Cite web |last=Munhoz |first=Fábio |date=2024-05-02 |title=Chuvas no RS: "não vamos permitir que falte recursos para reparar os danos", diz Lula |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/chuvas-no-rs-nao-vamos-permitir-que-falte-recursos-para-reparar-os-danos-diz-lula/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503171400/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/chuvas-no-rs-nao-vamos-permitir-que-falte-recursos-para-reparar-os-danos-diz-lula/ |archive-date=2024-05-03 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=[[CNN Brasil]] |language=pt-BR}}</ref>，在[[聖瑪麗亞 (南里奧格蘭德州)|聖瑪麗亞]]舉行公開演講。 聯邦政府派出飛機、船隻和 600 多名士兵協助清理道路、分發食物、水和床墊以及建立避難所，而當地志工也協助進行搜索工作。 據報道，來自陸軍、海軍和空軍的 1,100 多名士兵以及 BMRS 軍官和消防員中的 2,000 多名士兵參與了全州的救援行動。 巴伊亞州、聖埃斯皮里圖州、戈亞斯州、馬托格羅索州、米納斯吉拉斯州、巴拉那州、裡約熱內盧州、聖卡塔琳娜州和聖保羅州政府也派出了國家部隊和民防成員。 國民軍也在拉熱阿多市建立了一座擁有 40 個床位的野戰醫院。


[[阿根廷]]、[[委內瑞拉]]和[[乌拉圭]]均向巴西当局提供了人道主义援助。<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Aeronaves, drones e lanchas: Uruguai acerta envio de ajuda ao RS|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2024/05/05/aviao-drones-e-lanchas-uruguai-acerta-envio-de-ajuda-ao-rs.ghtml|website={{tsl|en|G1 (website)}}|date=2024-05-05|language=pt-BR|last=Matoso|first=Filipe|last2=Mazui|first2=Guilherme|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506015133/https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2024/05/05/aviao-drones-e-lanchas-uruguai-acerta-envio-de-ajuda-ao-rs.ghtml|archive-date=2024-05-06|access-date=2024-05-06}}</ref>
[[阿根廷]]、[[委內瑞拉]]和[[乌拉圭]]均向巴西当局提供了人道主义援助。<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Aeronaves, drones e lanchas: Uruguai acerta envio de ajuda ao RS|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2024/05/05/aviao-drones-e-lanchas-uruguai-acerta-envio-de-ajuda-ao-rs.ghtml|website={{tsl|en|G1 (website)}}|date=2024-05-05|language=pt-BR|last=Matoso|first=Filipe|last2=Mazui|first2=Guilherme|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506015133/https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2024/05/05/aviao-drones-e-lanchas-uruguai-acerta-envio-de-ajuda-ao-rs.ghtml|archive-date=2024-05-06|access-date=2024-05-06}}</ref>
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==参考文献==
==参考文献==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Brazil floods, 2024}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brazil floods, 2024}}
[[Category:2024年巴西災難|Floods]]
[[Category:2024年巴西災難|Floods]]
[[Category:巴西自然災害]]
[[Category:巴西水災]]
[[Category:南里奧格蘭德州]]
[[Category:南里奧格蘭德州]]
[[Category:2024年水災]]
[[Category:2024年水災]]

2024年6月21日 (五) 03:54的最新版本

2024年巴西南里奥格兰德州洪灾
阿雷格里港洪水泛滥地区
日期2024年4月29日 (2024-04-29) – 现在
地点巴西南里奥格兰德州
死亡至少149人[1]
受伤至少806人[2]
失踪至少108人[2]

2024年巴西南里奥格兰德州洪灾是指自2024年4月29日起，[3]巴西南里奥格兰德州境内出现的因暴风雨引发的洪災。此次洪災造成至少149人死亡，並且當地出現大面積的山体滑坡，一座水坝還因洪災而倒塌。[4][5] 此次洪災是巴西80多年来最严重的一次洪灾。[3]

繼2023年7月、9月、和11月發生75人死亡的類似災難之後，這次洪水是巴西同一個太陽年發生的第四次此類環境災難。[5][6]

影響

[编辑]

截至2024年5月14日，南里奥格兰德州境內至少有149人死亡，806人受伤，108人失踪。至少有76萬人流离失所。[2]南里奥格兰德州境內有超过44万人断电及64萬人断水 [4][7][8]该州有 447个市鎮遭到洪水侵袭， [2]许多道路和桥梁被毁。[4][5] 拉热阿杜、埃斯特雷拉[6]、穆孙、南克魯賽羅和阿罗约多梅约[9] 等地因受洪水影响而交通中斷。[6][9][6]南里奥格兰德州首府阿雷格里港大部分地区被洪水淹没，城市境內的60多条街道已完全无法通行。 [9] [10]几乎所有受灾城市都停课，386所学校受损，52所学校被改建为避难所。[11]該州至少有85个城市的互联网和电话服务中断，當地三大电信运营商的服务均受到影响。[11]150万公顷農作物损失。[12]

反應和人道主義努力

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2024 年 5 月 5 日，路易斯·伊納西奧·盧拉·達席爾瓦總統飛越卡諾阿斯洪水地區

洪水發生後，南里奥格兰德州州長愛德華多·萊特（Eduardo Leite）表示，洪水是“絕對前所未有的緊急情況”[5]， 也是該州有史以來經歷過的“最嚴重的氣候災難”[13]，甚至比去年的洪水還要嚴重[13] 。 5月1日，地方政府正式宣布進入為期180天的緊急狀態。[13][14] 5 月 5 日，政府宣布批准一項價值R$ 1.177 億雷亞爾（2,180 萬美元）的一攬子計劃，旨在恢復該州因洪水受損的基礎設施。[15]

總統路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦於5月2日訪問南里奥格兰德州[16][17]，在聖瑪麗亞舉行公開演講。 聯邦政府派出飛機、船隻和 600 多名士兵協助清理道路、分發食物、水和床墊以及建立避難所，而當地志工也協助進行搜索工作。 據報道，來自陸軍、海軍和空軍的 1,100 多名士兵以及 BMRS 軍官和消防員中的 2,000 多名士兵參與了全州的救援行動。 巴伊亞州、聖埃斯皮里圖州、戈亞斯州、馬托格羅索州、米納斯吉拉斯州、巴拉那州、裡約熱內盧州、聖卡塔琳娜州和聖保羅州政府也派出了國家部隊和民防成員。 國民軍也在拉熱阿多市建立了一座擁有 40 個床位的野戰醫院。

阿根廷、委內瑞拉和乌拉圭均向巴西当局提供了人道主义援助。[18]

参见

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2024年极端天气

参考文献

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  1. ^ Paz, Maurício. Em 5 dias, volume de chuvas em Porto Alegre deve superar média de maio das últimas três décadas. G1 (Grupo Globo). 2024-05-08 [2024-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-08） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Paz, Maurício (8 May 2024). "Em 5 dias, volume de chuvas em Porto Alegre deve superar média de maio das últimas três décadas" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. G1 (website)（英语：G1 (website)） (in Brazilian Portuguese). 环球集团. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 'It's going to be worse': Brazil braces for more pain amid record flooding. 半岛媒体集团. 2024-05-04 [2024-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-04）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Rains in southern Brazil kill at least 39, some 70 still missing. 路透社. 2024-05-03 [2024-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-03）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Le disastrose alluvioni nel sud del Brasile. Il Post（英语：Il Post）. 2024-05-05 [2024-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-07） （it-IT）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Brazil: 37 killed and dozens missing in worst floods in 80 years. The Guardian. Associated Press. 2024-05-03 [2024-05-06]. ISSN 0261-3077. （原始内容存档于2024-05-05） （英国英语）. 
  7. ^ Temporais no RS: Defesa Civil confirma 66 mortes e investiga outros 6 óbitos. G1 (website)（英语：G1 (website)）. 2024-05-05 [2024-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-05） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 
  8. ^ Rocha, Leonardo; Lukiv, Jaroslav. Brazil floods: Dam collapses and death toll rises in Rio Grande do Sul. 英國廣播公司新聞部. 2024-05-03 [2024-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-03） （英国英语）. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Zanatta, Pedro; Rigue, André; Lauxen, Nathalia. Cidades do Rio Grande do Sul continuam isoladas pelo 5º dia após chuvas devastadoras. CNN Brasil（英语：CNN Brasil）. 2024-05-06 [2024-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-06） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 
  10. ^ Guaíba passa dos 5 metros e Porto Alegre amanhece com mais regiões atingidas pela enchente. Correio do Povo（英语：Correio do Povo）. 2024-05-04 [2024-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-07） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Sobe para 85 o número de mortos após enchentes que atingem o RS. G1 (website)（英语：G1 (website)）. 2024-05-06 [2024-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-07） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 
  12. ^ 巴西南里奥格兰德州大豆产量：150万公顷作物损失_降雨量_影响_预测. 搜狐. 2024-05-08 [2024-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-08） （中文）. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Rio Grande do Sul decreta estado de calamidade pública por conta das cheias. G1. 2024-05-02 [2024-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-02） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 
  14. ^ Decreto Nº 57.596, de 1º de Maio de 2024. Diário Oficial do Rio Grande do Sul. Rio Grande do Sul. 2024-05-01 [2024-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-02） （巴西葡萄牙语）.  已忽略未知参数|trans-quote= (帮助)
  15. ^ Governo destina R$ 117,7 milhões para a reconstrução de estradas estaduais. Portal do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Rio Grande do Sul. 2024-05-06 [2024-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-06） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 
  16. ^ Gilbody Dickerson, Claire. Brazil floods: 29 people killed and thousands more displaced. Sky News. 2024-05-03 [2024-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-03） （英语）. 
  17. ^ Munhoz, Fábio. Chuvas no RS: "não vamos permitir que falte recursos para reparar os danos", diz Lula. CNN Brasil. 2024-05-02 [2024-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-03） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 
  18. ^ Matoso, Filipe; Mazui, Guilherme. Aeronaves, drones e lanchas: Uruguai acerta envio de ajuda ao RS. G1 (website)（英语：G1 (website)）. 2024-05-05 [2024-05-06]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-06） （巴西葡萄牙语）. 
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