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2-甲基己烷：修订间差异

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{{Chembox
{{擴充}}
| Name = 2-甲基己烷
{{translating}}
| ImageFile = 2-methylhexane.png
| ImageFile1 = 2-methylhexane-2D-skeletal.svg
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 591-76-4
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 11582
| ChemSpiderID = 11094
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 209-730-6
| UNNumber = 3295
| RTECS = MO3871500
| Beilstein = 1696856
| SMILES = CCCCC(C)C
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = YI4679P2SP
| StdInChI = 1S/C7H16/c1-4-5-6-7(2)3/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
| MolarMass = 100.20
| Appearance = 无色液体
| Density = 0.67 g/ml
| Solubility = 不可溶
| MeltingPt = −118 °C (155 K)
| BoilingPt = 90 °C (363 K)
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS =
| EUClass = 易燃、有害
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-F = 3
| FlashPt = −18 °C
| Autoignition = 220 °C
| ExploLimits = 1.0–6.0%
}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| Function = [[烷烃]]
| OtherFunctn = [[己烷]]、[[庚烷]]
| OtherCpds = [[甲基环己烷]]
}}
}}
'''2-甲基己烷'''（化学式：[[碳|C]]<sub>7</sub>[[氢|H]]<sub>16</sub>）是[[正庚烷]]的[[同分异构物]]。从结构上可认为是在第二个碳原子上具有一[[甲基]]的己烷。它通常作为[[杂质]]存在于[[正庚烷]]中。然而从化学反应的角度来看，2-甲基己烷具有和[[正庚烷]]（直链烷烃）相似的[[物理性质]]和[[化学性质]]，因此并不被认为是杂质。


== 性质 ==
{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
和多数[[烷烃]]一样，2-甲基己烷不溶于水，而溶于许多有机溶剂中，例如[[醇]]和[[醚]]。2-甲基己烷通常被认为是一种[[溶剂]]，所以即使其存在于很多庚烷制品中也不会被认为是有害的杂质，因为庚烷通常被作为[[溶剂]]而使用。尽管如此，通过[[精馏]]，可将2-甲基己烷和正庚烷分离出来。
! {{chembox header}} | 2-甲基己烷
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:2-methylhexane.png]]<br>
[[Image:2-methylhexane-2D-skeletal.png|200px]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[Chemical formula|分子式]]
| C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]]
| CC(C)CCCC
|-
| [[分子量]]
| 100.20 g/mol
|-
| 外观
| 无色液体
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [591-76-4]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 性质
|-
| [[密度]]
| 0.67 g/ml
|-
| [[水]]中[[溶解度]]
| 不溶
|-
| 溶解性
| [[醇]]，[[醚]]，[[苯]]，轻石油，[[酮]]，[[氯仿]]
|-
<!-- | solubility info on other solvents -->
<!-- |- -->
| [[熔点]]
| &minus;118℃ (155 K)
|-
| [[沸点]]
| 90℃ (363 K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 危险性 <!-- Summary only- MSDS entry provides more complete information -->
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[Heptane (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] <!-- please replace with proper link-->
|-
| [[Directive 67/548/EEC|EU classification]]
| 易燃 ('''F''')<br/>对人有害 ('''Xn''')<br/>危害环境 ('''N''')
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{NFPA 704 | Health=2 | Flammability=3 | Reactivity=0 }}
|-
| [[闪点]]
| &minus;18℃
|-
| [[自燃|自燃点]]
| 220℃
|-
| [[爆炸极限]]
| 1.0&ndash;6.0%
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| MO3871500<!-------->
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 相关化合物
|-
| 相关[[烷烃]]
| [[己烷]]<br/>[[庚烷]]
|-
| 相关化合物
| [[甲基环己烷]]
|-
| {{chembox header}} | <small>Except where noted otherwise, data are given for<br> materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]]<br/>[[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]</small>
|-
|}


在烷烃中，支链较多的[[同分异构体]]更易点燃和充分燃烧。因此，2-甲基己烷的自燃温度和[[闪点]]均比正庚烷低。理论上2-甲基己烷的燃烧会产生更少[[碳煙]]，发射出较高频率的辐射；不过由于正庚烷和2-甲基己烷只有一个碳原子排列的区别，两者在燃烧时均产生明亮的黄色火焰。
2-甲基己烷('''[[碳|C]]<sub>7</sub>[[氢|H]]<sub>16</sub>''') 是庚烷的同分异构物。 <!-- It is structurally a [[hexane]] molecule with a [[methyl group]] attached to its second carbon atom. It exists in most commercially available heptane merchandises as an [[impurity]] but is usually not considered as impurity in terms of reactions since it has very similar [[physical property|physical]] and [[chemical property|chemical properties]] when compared to n-heptane (straight-chained heptane). -->


2-甲基己烷的[[熔点]]和[[沸点]]均比庚烷低。值得一提的是，在大多数[[碳氢化合物]]中，直链烃和其具有支链的同分异构体相比，往往具有更低的熔点和更高的沸点。然而2-甲基己烷却是例外。2-甲基己烷的[[密度]]也小于庚烷。
<!-- Being an alkane, 2-methylhexane is insoluble in [[water]], but is soluble in many organic solvents, such as [[alcohol]]s and [[ether]]. However, 2-methylhexane is more commonly considered as a [[solvent]] itself. Therefore, even though it is present in many commercially available heptane products, it is not considered as a destructive impurity, as heptane is usually used as a solvent. Nevertheless, by concise processes of [[distillation]] and [[refining]], it is possible to separate 2-methylhexane from n-heptane.


在[[NFPA 704]]系统中，2-甲基己烷与其他烷烃被列为反应活性等级为0的化合物。大多数烷烃并不活泼，除非在极端情况下，如[[燃烧]]和强烈阳光。在[[氧气]]和[[火焰]]存在下，2-甲基己烷和庚烷均完全燃烧，生成[[水]]和[[二氧化碳]]。在[[紫外光]]照射下，2-甲基己烷与[[卤素]]溶液（如[[溴]]溶于[[1,1,1-三氯乙烷]]中）混合，可发生[[取代反应]]。
Within a group of isomers, those with more [[Branching (chemistry)|branches]] tend to ignite more easily and [[combustion|combust]] more completely. Therefore, 2-methylhexane has a lower [[autoignition temperature]] and [[flash point]] when compared to heptane. Theoretically 2-methylhexane also burns with a less sooty flame, emitting higher-frequency radiation; however, as heptane and 2-methylhexane differ by only one carbon [[atom]], in terms of branching, both burn with a bright yellow flame when ignited.


== 参考文献 ==
Compared to n-heptane, 2-methylhexane also has lower [[melting point|melting]] and [[boiling point]]s. It is worth noting that most for most hydrocarbon isomers, the straight-chained isomer has a lower freezing point but a higher boiling point than the branched isomer. The case of 2-Methylhexane and heptane constitutes an exception to this rule. A lower density of liquid is found in 2-Methylhexane than heptane.
#[http://www.chemexper.com/index.shtml?main=http://www.chemexper.com/search/cas/591-76-4.html ChemExper chemical catalog]{{Wayback|url=http://www.chemexper.com/index.shtml?main=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.chemexper.com%2Fsearch%2Fcas%2F591-76-4.html |date=20160304140252 }}
#[https://web.archive.org/web/20061015041944/https://www.mathesontrigas.com/pdfs/msds/MAT27910.pdf Matheson chemical safety catalog]
#[http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc06/icsc0658.htm Information about Isoheptane from International Labour Association]{{Wayback|url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc06/icsc0658.htm |date=20080321140644 }}


[[Category:庚烷|庚]]
On the [[NFPA 704]] scale, 2-methylhexane is listed as a reactivity level-0 chemical, along with various other [[alkane]]s. In fact, most alkanes are unreactive except in extreme conditions, such as combustion or strong [[sunlight]]. At the presence of [[oxygen]] and [[flame]], 2-methylhexane, like heptane, combusts mostly completely into [[water]] and [[carbon dioxide]]. With [[Ultraviolet|UV-light]] and mixed with [[halogen]]s in solvents, usually [[bromine]] in [[1,1,1-Trichloroethane|1,1,1-trichloroethane]], a [[substitution reaction]] occurs.

==References==
#[http://www.chemexper.com/index.shtml?main=http://www.chemexper.com/search/cas/591-76-4.html ChemExper chemical catalog]
#[https://www.mathesontrigas.com/pdfs/msds/MAT27910.pdf Matheson chemical safety catalog]
#[http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc06/icsc0658.htm Information about Isoheptane from International Labour Association]
-->
[[Category:烷烃]]

[[fi:2-metyyliheksaani]]
[[en:2-methylhexane]]

2021年1月21日 (四) 18:50的最新版本

2-甲基己烷
识别
CAS号 591-76-4  checkY
PubChem 11582
ChemSpider 11094
SMILES
 
  • CCCCC(C)C
Beilstein 1696856
UN编号 3295
EINECS 209-730-6
RTECS MO3871500
性质
化学式 C7H16
摩尔质量 100.20 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色液体
密度 0.67 g/ml
熔点 −118 °C (155 K)
沸点 90 °C (363 K)
溶解性（水） 不可溶
危险性
欧盟分类 易燃、有害
NFPA 704
3
2
0
 
闪点 −18 °C
自燃温度 220 °C
爆炸極限 1.0–6.0%
相关物质
相关烷烃 己烷、庚烷
相关化学品 甲基环己烷
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

2-甲基己烷（化学式：C7H16）是正庚烷的同分异构物。从结构上可认为是在第二个碳原子上具有一甲基的己烷。它通常作为杂质存在于正庚烷中。然而从化学反应的角度来看，2-甲基己烷具有和正庚烷（直链烷烃）相似的物理性质和化学性质，因此并不被认为是杂质。

性质[编辑]

和多数烷烃一样，2-甲基己烷不溶于水，而溶于许多有机溶剂中，例如醇和醚。2-甲基己烷通常被认为是一种溶剂，所以即使其存在于很多庚烷制品中也不会被认为是有害的杂质，因为庚烷通常被作为溶剂而使用。尽管如此，通过精馏，可将2-甲基己烷和正庚烷分离出来。

在烷烃中，支链较多的同分异构体更易点燃和充分燃烧。因此，2-甲基己烷的自燃温度和闪点均比正庚烷低。理论上2-甲基己烷的燃烧会产生更少碳煙，发射出较高频率的辐射；不过由于正庚烷和2-甲基己烷只有一个碳原子排列的区别，两者在燃烧时均产生明亮的黄色火焰。

2-甲基己烷的熔点和沸点均比庚烷低。值得一提的是，在大多数碳氢化合物中，直链烃和其具有支链的同分异构体相比，往往具有更低的熔点和更高的沸点。然而2-甲基己烷却是例外。2-甲基己烷的密度也小于庚烷。

在NFPA 704系统中，2-甲基己烷与其他烷烃被列为反应活性等级为0的化合物。大多数烷烃并不活泼，除非在极端情况下，如燃烧和强烈阳光。在氧气和火焰存在下，2-甲基己烷和庚烷均完全燃烧，生成水和二氧化碳。在紫外光照射下，2-甲基己烷与卤素溶液（如溴溶于1,1,1-三氯乙烷中）混合，可发生取代反应。

参考文献[编辑]

  1. ChemExper chemical catalog（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  2. Matheson chemical safety catalog
  3. Information about Isoheptane from International Labour Association（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2-甲基己烷&oldid=63854342”