體重管理

體重管理（粵拼：tai2 cung3 gun2 lei5 | 英文：weight management）係指一系列攞嚟幫人維持健康體重（唔太輕又唔太重）嘅技巧^[1]。

背景

响廿一世紀初，癡肥嘅情況日趨普遍，而癡肥會提升好多種重病－例如心臟病同高血壓呀噉－嘅機率；因為噉，醫療工作者開始廣泛討論體重管理嘅問題。

恆心研究

體重管理工作好多時都會要求參加者持之以恆噉做某啲嘢，例如

持續 6 個月做住一定量嘅運動；
持續 6 個月跟足研究者製訂嘅飲食配搭嚟食嘢飲嘢... 呀噉；

但實證研究表明，體重管理工作成日會遇到「啲參加者做做吓就半途而廢」噉嘅情況，例如有多份廿一世紀初嘅研究試過搵人返嚟做啲體重管理項目，發覺淨係頭嗰 6 個月內已經有成 50% 咁多嘅參加者放棄咗減肥計劃^[2]^[3]；於是有醫學同營養學方面嘅工作者就諗咗條計，想用生還分析（survival analysis）做研究^[4]。

例：2019 年巴西運動減肥研究

喺 2019 年，有一班巴西嘅醫療研究者就做咗份研究，想睇吓啲人有幾能夠堅持減肥計劃，亦都想知啲半途而廢嘅人點解會想放棄減肥。呢班研究者搵咗 195 個大人返嚟，參與一個 6 個月咁長嘅減肥計劃，（簡化講）要佢哋响跟住嗰 6 個月內每個禮拜都做指定嘅運動，同時參加者有權响任何一點時間宣布放棄減肥計劃，班研究者^[4]：

研究開始打前量度咗拃佢哋預咗用嚟做自變數嘅變數，簡單嘅有參加者嘅年紀同性別呀噉；
然後佢哋一路監察住班參加者，知邊位參加者有跟足 6 個月嘅運動計劃、邊位參加者半途而廢、同埋每位半途而廢嘅參加者係响邊點時間宣布放棄嘅；
佢哋亦有嘗試用面試研究噉嘅方法，跟進半途而廢嘅參加者，問佢哋點解想放棄（不過參加者有權揀唔答）；
响嗰 6 個月間，有成 52.7% 嘅參加者放棄咗。

然後佢哋行咗生還分析，發現性別同教育並唔會對「參加者能唔能夠持之以恆」有影響^[4]。

好似上述噉嘅研究，仲有好多第啲研究者做，不過可能用嘅自變數唔同^[5]。

輕推研究

飲食對人嘅健康有深遠影響：人食得多得滯會肥，所以佢哋食嘢嗰陣要食得適量；而且淨係食得適量係唔夠嘅－例如生果同蔬菜提供到維他命 C 呢種重要嘅維他命，而呢種維他命係肉食提供唔到嘅，所以人除咗要食適量，仲要食得均衡，攝取到嗮人體需要嘅各種營養。喺 2010 年代起，有唔少行為經濟學研究者同營養學工作者合作諗計，想用輕推鼓勵人均衡飲食^[6]^[7]。

睇埋

引述

↑ Ryan, D. H., & Kahan, S. (2018). Guideline recommendations for obesity management. Medical Clinics, 102(1), 49-63.
↑ Dishman, R. K. (2001). The problem of exercise adherence: Fighting sloth in nations with market economies. Quest, 53(3), 279-294.
↑ Sit, J. W., Chair, S. Y., Hui, S. S., Choi, K. C., Chan, A. W., Wong, E. M., & Cheng, H. Y. (2016). A smartphone-based exercise adherence intervention for people with metabolic syndrome: a feasibility pilot study. The Lancet, 388, S64.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Galvim, A. L., Oliveira, I. M., Martins, T. V., Vieira, L. M., Cerri, N. C., de Castro Cezar, N. O., ... & de Oliveira Gomes, G. A. (2019). Adherence, adhesion, and dropout reasons of a physical activity program in a high social vulnerability context. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 16(2), 149-156.
↑ Landers, P. S., & Landers, T. L. (2004). Survival analysis of dropout patterns in dieting clinical trials. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(10), 1586-1588.
↑ Wansink, B., & Hanks, A. S. (2013). Slim by design: serving healthy foods first in buffet lines improves overall meal selection. PloS one, 8(10), e77055.
↑ Wansink, B. (2013). Convenient, attractive, and normative: The CAN approach to making children slim by design. Child Obes, 9(4), 277-278.

[1] Ryan, D. H., & Kahan, S. (2018). Guideline recommendations for obesity management. Medical Clinics, 102(1), 49-63.

[2] Dishman, R. K. (2001). The problem of exercise adherence: Fighting sloth in nations with market economies. Quest, 53(3), 279-294.

[3] Sit, J. W., Chair, S. Y., Hui, S. S., Choi, K. C., Chan, A. W., Wong, E. M., & Cheng, H. Y. (2016). A smartphone-based exercise adherence intervention for people with metabolic syndrome: a feasibility pilot study. The Lancet, 388, S64.

[Galvim2019-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Galvim, A. L., Oliveira, I. M., Martins, T. V., Vieira, L. M., Cerri, N. C., de Castro Cezar, N. O., ... & de Oliveira Gomes, G. A. (2019). Adherence, adhesion, and dropout reasons of a physical activity program in a high social vulnerability context. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 16(2), 149-156.

[5] Landers, P. S., & Landers, T. L. (2004). Survival analysis of dropout patterns in dieting clinical trials. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104(10), 1586-1588.

[Wansink2013-6] Wansink, B., & Hanks, A. S. (2013). Slim by design: serving healthy foods first in buffet lines improves overall meal selection. PloS one, 8(10), e77055.

[7] Wansink, B. (2013). Convenient, attractive, and normative: The CAN approach to making children slim by design. Child Obes, 9(4), 277-278.

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