3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives (Q24602762)

Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation

Europe PubMed Central

MDMA

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title

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives (English)

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author name string

Jerrold S Meyer

series ordinal

1

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language of work or name

English

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publication date

2013

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published in

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volume

4

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page(s)

83-99

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copyright license

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported

start time

1 November 2013

1 reference

April 2022 Public Data File from Crossref

copyright status

copyrighted

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cites work

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Repeated intermittent methylenedioxymethamphetamine exposure protects against the behavioral and neurotoxic, but not hyperthermic, effects of an MDMA binge in adult rats

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Further studies on the role of metabolites in (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity.

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Increased oxytocin concentrations and prosocial feelings in humans after ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) administration.

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Repeated exposure to MDMA provides neuroprotection against subsequent MDMA-induced serotonin depletion in brain

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Neurotoxic thioether adducts of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine identified in human urine after ecstasy ingestion

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Neuroimaging in human MDMA (Ecstasy) users

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Sustained effects of ecstasy on the human brain: a prospective neuroimaging study in novel users

27 September 2017

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Low striatal serotonin transporter protein in a human polydrug MDMA (ecstasy) user: a case study.

27 September 2017

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The agony of ecstasy: MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and the kidney

27 September 2017

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Cognitive performance in recreational ecstasy polydrug users: a two-year follow-up study.

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Actions of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on cerebral dopaminergic, serotonergic and cholinergic neurons

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The neuropsychology of ecstasy (MDMA) use: a quantitative review

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Ecstasy (MDMA) and memory function: a meta-analytic update

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Cognition in novice ecstasy users with minimal exposure to other drugs: a prospective cohort study

27 September 2017

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Is recreational ecstasy (MDMA) use associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms?

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The psychotherapeutic potential of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine): an evidence-based review

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MDMA use and neurocognition: a meta-analytic review

27 September 2017

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Evidence for significant polydrug use among ecstasy-using college students.

27 September 2017

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Neuroimaging research in human MDMA users: a review

27 September 2017

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Psychiatric disorders and their correlates among young adult MDMA users in Ohio

27 September 2017

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3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) neurotoxicity in rats: a reappraisal of past and present findings

27 September 2017

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Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users: the longitudinal perspective

27 September 2017

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The confounding problem of polydrug use in recreational ecstasy/MDMA users: a brief overview

27 September 2017

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A review of acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in healthy volunteers

27 September 2017

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Symptoms of anxiety and depression in childhood and use of MDMA: prospective, population based study

27 September 2017

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Relevance of rodent models of intravenous MDMA self-administration to human MDMA consumption patterns.

27 September 2017

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The varieties of ecstatic experience: an exploration of the subjective experiences of ecstasy

27 September 2017

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MDMA (Ecstasy) and human dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters: implications for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity and treatment.

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Differential experiences of the psychobiological sequelae of ecstasy use: quantitative and qualitative data from an internet study

27 September 2017

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Chronic tolerance to recreational MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or Ecstasy

27 September 2017

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Dopamine and drug addiction: the nucleus accumbens shell connection.

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Neurotoxicity of MDMA (ecstasy): the limitations of scaling from animals to humans.

27 September 2017

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Acute and long-term effects of MDMA on cerebral dopamine biochemistry and function

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Ecstasy intoxication: the toxicological basis for treatment

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

A bitter pill. Overview of ecstasy (MDMA, MDA) related fatalities

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

The pharmacology and clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy").

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Acute Psychological and Neurophysiological Effects of MDMA in Humans

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Mental disorders in ecstasy users: a prospective-longitudinal investigation

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Use, abuse and dependence of ecstasy and related drugs in adolescents and young adults-a transient phenomenon? Results from a longitudinal community study

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Recreational Ecstasy/MDMA, the serotonin syndrome, and serotonergic neurotoxicity

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

An exploration of the history and controversies surrounding MDMA and MDA.

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Striatal serotonin is depleted in brain of a human MDMA (Ecstasy) user

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

(+/-)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy')-induced serotonin neurotoxicity: studies in animals

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

A method of conducting therapeutic sessions with MDMA.

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Psychedelic and entactogenic drugs in the treatment of depression

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Relationship of the structure of mescaline and seven analogs to toxicity and behavior in five species of laboratory animals

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Differences between the mechanism of action of MDMA, MBDB, and the classic hallucinogens. Identification of a new therapeutic class: entactogens

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Altered serotonin innervation patterns in the forebrain of monkeys treated with (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine seven years previously: factors influencing abnormal recovery

27 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Effects of MDMA ('ecstasy') on firing rates of serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic neurons in the rat.

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Subjective effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in recreational users.

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Acquisition of MDMA self-administration: pharmacokinetic factors and MDMA-induced serotonin release

19 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Human pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) after repeated doses taken 2 h apart

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

A prospective study of learning, memory, and executive function in new MDMA users

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Single oral doses of (±) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy') produce lasting serotonergic deficits in non-human primates: relationship to plasma drug and metabolite concentrations

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Multiple MDMA (Ecstasy) overdoses at a rave event: a case series

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Effects of the α₂-adrenergic agonist clonidine on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in healthy volunteers.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Self-administered MDMA produces dose- and time-dependent serotonin deficits in the rat brain

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

In vivo imaging of cerebral serotonin transporter and serotonin(2A) receptor binding in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy") and hallucinogen users.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Deaths involving MDMA and the concomitant use of pharmaceutical drugs

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

"Ecstasy" associated deaths: what is a fatal concentration ? Analysis of a case series

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Ecstasy overdoses at a New Year's Eve rave--Los Angeles, California, 2010.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

An investigation of factors associated with depressive symptoms among a sample of regular ecstasy consumers

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Deficits of long-term memory in ecstasy users are related to cognitive complexity of the task

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Depressive and anxiety symptomatology in ecstasy users: the relative contribution of genes, trauma, life stress and drug use.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Can the severity of dependence scale be usefully applied to 'ecstasy'?

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

How could MDMA (ecstasy) help anxiety disorders? A neurobiological rationale

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Importance of psychiatric confounding in non-randomized studies of heavy ecstasy users

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Memory and mood during the night and in the morning after repeated evening doses of MDMA.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Ecstasy (MDMA) and high prevalence psychiatric symptomatology: somatic anxiety symptoms are associated with polydrug, not ecstasy, use.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Investigation of serotonin-1A receptor function in the human psychopharmacology of MDMA.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Accumulation of neurotoxic thioether metabolites of 3,4-(+/-)-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in rat brain

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Pharmacological interaction between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and paroxetine: pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Incidental use of ecstasy: no evidence for harmful effects on cognitive brain function in a prospective fMRI study

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

A prospective cohort study on sustained effects of low-dose ecstasy use on the brain in new ecstasy users

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

The effects of fluoxetine on the subjective and physiological effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Problematic versus non-problematic ecstasy/MDMA use: the influence of drug usage patterns and pre-existing psychiatric factors.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Memory impairment in now abstinent MDMA users and continued users: a longitudinal follow-up

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Memory performance in polyvalent MDMA (ecstasy) users who continue or discontinue MDMA use.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Self-reported depressive symptomatology in community samples of polysubstance misusers who report Ecstasy use: a meta-analysis

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Neurotoxic effects of MDMA ("ecstasy") administration to neonatal rats

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Repeated doses administration of MDMA in humans: pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Self-reported psychopathological symptoms in recreational ecstasy (MDMA) users are mainly associated with regular cannabis use: further evidence from a combined cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Acute, sub‐acute and long‐term subjective consequences of ‘ecstasy’ (MDMA) consumption in 430 regular users

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Ecstasy/MDMA attributed problems reported by novice, moderate and heavy recreational users.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Which neuroreceptors mediate the subjective effects of MDMA in humans? A summary of mechanistic studies.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Sub-acute effects of MDMA (+/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, "ecstasy") on mood: evidence of gender differences

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Effect of depleting vesicular and cytoplasmic dopamine on methylenedioxymethamphetamine neurotoxicity

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine induces monoamine release, but not toxicity, when administered centrally at a concentration occurring following a peripherally injected neurotoxic dose

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Ecstasy (MDMA) effects upon mood and cognition: before, during and after a Saturday night dance

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Small changes in ambient temperature cause large changes in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced serotonin neurotoxicity and core body temperature in the rat.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Mood and cognitive effects of +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy'): week-end 'high' followed by mid-week low.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Evaluation of 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) as an Adjunct to Psychotherapy

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3931692

Variability in the 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine content of 'ecstasy' tablets in the UK

28 November 2018

1 reference

PubMed

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24648791