MySQL LOWER() Function

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The MySQL LOWER() function is used to convert all the characters of a string to lower case letters.

This function can be useful in various scenarios such as formatting text for consistent comparisons, normalization, etc.

Syntax

Following is the syntax of MySQL LOWER() function −

LOWER(str)

Parameters

This function takes a string value as a parameter.

Return Value

This function returns the lowercase version of the given string.

Example

In the following example, we are converting the string 'TUTORIALSPOINT' to all lowercase letters −

SELECT LOWER('TUTORIALSPOINT');

Following is the output of the above code −

LOWER('TUTORIALSPOINT')
tutorialspoint

Example

To change the case of a binary string from upper to lower, you first need to convert it into a non-binary string and then proceed −

SELECT LOWER(CONVERT(BINARY 'TUTORIALSPOINT' USING utf8mb4));

The output obtained is as follows −

LOWER(CONVERT(BINARY 'TUTORIALSPOINT' USING utf8mb4))
tutorialspoint

Example

If the argument passed to the LOWER() function is NULL, it returns NULL −

SELECT LOWER(NULL);

We get the output as follows −

LOWER(NULL)
0x

Example

If we pass an empty string as an input, this functions returns an empty string to the output −

SELECT LOWER ("");

Following is the output of the above code −

LOWER("")

Example

If you pass a numerical value to this function, it returns the same value −

SELECT LOWER(55886);

The result produced is as shown below −

LOWER(55886)
55886

Example

You can also convert the upper case letters in the column of a table to lower case using the LOWER() function.

Let us create a table named "EMP" and insert records into it using CREATE and INSERT statements as shown below −

CREATE TABLE EMP(
   FIRST_NAME  CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   LAST_NAME  CHAR(20),
   AGE INT,
   INCOME FLOAT
);

Now, let us insert records into it using the INSERT statement −

INSERT INTO EMP VALUES 
('Krishna', 'Sharma', 19, 2000),
('Raj', 'Kandukuri', 20, 7000),
('Ramya', 'Ramapriya', 25, 5000),
('Mac', 'Mohan', 26, 2000);

The EMP obtained is as follows −

FIRST_NAME	LAST_NAME	AGE	INCOME
Krishna	Sharma	19	2000
Raj	Kandukuri	20	7000
Ramya	Ramapriya	25	5000
Mac	Mohan	26	2000

Following query converts all the characters in the column 'FIRST_NAME' using the LOWER() function −

SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, LOWER(FIRST_NAME) as RESULT 
FROM EMP;

After executing the above code, we get the following output −

FIRST_NAME	LAST_NAME	AGE	RESULT
Krishna	Sharma	19	krishna
Raj	Kandukuri	20	raj
Ramya	Ramapriya	25	ramya
Mac	Mohan	26	mac