Python Programming
Mr. Lalit Mohan Gupta
Assistant professor
Greater Noida Institute of Technology
CSE, Department
Introduction
• Why Python?
• Simple, readable, powerful
• Widely used in Data Science, AI, Web
Development, Automation
History of Python
• Developed by Guido van Rossum (1991)
• Open-source, cross-platform
• Huge community support
Features of Python
• Easy to learn, read, and write
• Interpreted & dynamically typed
• Huge library support
• Cross-platform compatibility
Applications of Python
• Web Development (Django, Flask)
• Data Science (NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib)
• Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
• Automation & Scripting
• Game Development
Installing Python
• Download from python.org
• Using IDEs: PyCharm, VS Code, Jupyter
Notebook, Google Colab
Python Basics
• First Program: print("Hello, World!")
• Comments in Python: # This is a comment
Variables and Data Types
• Numbers, Strings, Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries
• Dynamic typing example
A=10, name=“Mr. Lalit Mohan Gupta”, b=10.5
x = 10 # int
y = "Hello" # str
z = 3.14 # float
Operators
• Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment,
Membership
a = 10; b = 5
print(a > b and b < 10) # True
Input/Output
• input() function
• Formatted output using f-strings
name = “Mr. Lalit Mohan Gupta"
print(f"Hello {name}")
Conditional Statements
• if, if-else, elif
• Example: Even/Odd program
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")
Loops
• for loop with range()
• while loop
• Loop control: break, continue, pass
for i in range(5):
if i == 3: continue
print(i)
Functions
• Defining functions with def
• Returning values
• Default & keyword arguments
def add(a, b):
return a + b
print(add(3, 5))
Recursion
• Factorial program using recursion
def fact(n):
if n == 1:
return 1
return n * fact(n-1)
Strings
• String operations
• Slicing, indexing, built-in methods
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.append("mango")
Lists
• Creating lists
• Indexing & slicing
• append, remove, sort
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.append("mango")
Tuples
• Immutable lists
• When to use tuples
t = (1, 2, 3)
Faster, useful when data should not change
Dictionaries
• Key-value pairs
• Adding, deleting, accessing elements
student = {"name": "Ravi", "age": 20}
print(student["name"])
Sets
• Unordered, unique items
• Union, intersection, difference
s = {1, 2, 3, 3}
print(s) # {1, 2, 3}
File Handling
• Opening and closing files
• Reading and writing files
with open("test.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Hello File")
Exception Handling
• try, except, finally
• Example: Handling division by zero
try:
x = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero")
finally:
print("Done")
Object-Oriented Programming
• Classes and Objects
• Constructors (__init__)
• Example: Student class
class Student:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
s1 = Student("Ravi")
print(s1.name)
Inheritance
• Single & multiple inheritance
• Example with base and derived class
class Animal:
def sound(self): print("Sound")
class Dog(Animal):
def sound(self): print("Bark")
Modules & Packages
• Importing modules (math, random)
• Creating your own module
import math
print(math.sqrt(16))
Python Libraries Overview
• NumPy – Numerical Computing
• Pandas – Data Analysis
• Matplotlib – Data Visualization
Python for Automation
• Rename multiple files
• Web scraping with requests, BeautifulSoup
Python in Data Science & AI
• Machine Learning: scikit-learn
• Deep Learning: TensorFlow, PyTorch
Hands-on Example
• Write a program to calculate student grade
based on marks
marks = int(input("Enter marks: "))
if marks >= 90: print("Grade A")
elif marks >= 75: print("Grade B")
else: print("Grade C")
Best Practices
• Meaningful variable names
• Comment your code
• Follow PEP-8 style guide
Career Opportunities
• Data Scientist
• AI/ML Engineer
• Web Developer
• Automation Engineer
Summary
• Python basics → Data types, control flow,
functions
• OOP concepts
• Applications & future scope
References
• Python Official Documentation
• TutorialsPoint / GeeksforGeeks
• W3Schools / Programiz
Thank You
Questions & Answers
