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Python

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10 views

Python

Uploaded by

ajoantony2021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python

• Packages
• File Handles
• Date and Time operations
• Classes
.

Packages
In Python, a package is a collection of related modules and subpackages that provide a
specific functionality or service.
Packages are used to organize and structure code, making it easier to reuse and distribute.
Each package contains an __init__.py file, which distinguishes it from a
regular directory and allows Python to recognize it as a package.

mypackage/
│
├── __init__.py
├── module1.py
└── module2.py
main.py
Example pgm

from mypackage import module1, module2 #main.py


module1.greet("Alice") #Using functions from module1
result = module2.add(3, 5) #Using functions from module2
print("The result of addition is:", result)
Output
Hello, Alice!
The result of addition is: 8
File Handling
File handling in Python refers to the operations that allow
you to create, read, update, and delete files. Python
provides built-in functions to handle files without needing
any external libraries.
Basic File Operations
1. Opening a File
2. Writing to a File
3. Reading from a File
4. Closing a File
1. Opening a File
• To work with a file, you first need to open it using the open() function.
• This function requires at least two arguments:
*file name and
*mode in which to open the file.
Common Modes:
"r": Read (default mode). Opens a file for reading; an error occurs if the file does not exist.
"w": Write. Opens a file for writing; creates the file if it does not exist or truncates it if it does.
"a": Append. Opens a file for appending; creates the file if it does not exist.
"x": Exclusive creation. Fails if the file already exists.

file = open('example.txt', 'w') # Opens or creates example.txt for


writing
2. Writing to a File

• To write data to a file, you can use the write() method or writelines()
method for multiple lines.
3. Reading from a File
• Reading from a file in Python is a straightforward
process that involves opening the file, reading its
contents, and then closing it.
4. Closing a File
• It is important to close a file after completing operations to free up
system resources.
• Syntax :
Date and Time Operation
Date and time operations in Python are primarily handled using the
datetime module, which provides classes for manipulating dates and
times.
Date Manipulation
Time Manipulation

• The time module in Python provides various functions for handling


time-related tasks, including getting the current time, formatting time,
and performing operations based on time.
Class in Python
• Python is an object oriented programming language.
• A class in Python is a blueprint for creating objects (instances). It
encapsulates data (attributes) and behavior (methods) that define the
properties and actions of the objects created from it.
• To create a class, use the keyword “class”
class MyClass:
x=5
p1 = MyClass()
print(p1.x)
o/p
Object
• Object is an instance of the data structure defined by a class.
Inheritance
Inheritance is the process of forming a new class from an existing class
or base class.
Function overloading
Function overloading is a form of polymorphism that allows a function
to have different meanings, depending on its context
Operator Overloading
Operator overloading is a form of polymorphism that allows
assignment of more than one function to a particular operator.
Function overriding
• Function overriding allows a child class to provide a specific
implementation of a function that is already provided by the base
class.
• Child class implementation of the overridden function has the same
name parameters and return type as the function in the base class.

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