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    Coastal Ecosystems

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    Dasari
    Coastal ecosystems are areas where land and water meet and include diverse environments like beaches, wetlands, estuaries, mangroves, and coral reefs. They provide important services like shoreline protection, nutrient cycling, and habitat for many species. However, coastal ecosystems are threatened by pollution, overfishing, climate change, and other human impacts. Protection measures aim to reduce threats through better waste management, sustainable fishing practices, and conservation efforts.

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    Coastal Ecosystems

    Uploaded by

    Dasari
    369 views27 pages
    Coastal ecosystems are areas where land and water meet and include diverse environments like beaches, wetlands, estuaries, mangroves, and coral reefs. They provide important services like shoreline protection, nutrient cycling, and habitat for many species. However, coastal ecosystems are threatened by pollution, overfishing, climate change, and other human impacts. Protection measures aim to reduce threats through better waste management, sustainable fishing practices, and conservation efforts.

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    Coastal ecosystems are areas where land and water meet and include diverse environments like beaches, wetlands, estuaries, mangroves, and coral reefs. They provide important services like shoreline protection, nutrient cycling, and habitat for many species. However, coastal ecosystems are threatened by pollution, overfishing, climate change, and other human impacts. Protection measures aim to reduce threats through better waste management, sustainable fishing practices, and conservation efforts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    369 views27 pages

    Coastal Ecosystems

    Uploaded by

    Dasari
    Coastal ecosystems are areas where land and water meet and include diverse environments like beaches, wetlands, estuaries, mangroves, and coral reefs. They provide important services like shoreline protection, nutrient cycling, and habitat for many species. However, coastal ecosystems are threatened by pollution, overfishing, climate change, and other human impacts. Protection measures aim to reduce threats through better waste management, sustainable fishing practices, and conservation efforts.

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    of 27

    COASTAL

    ECOSYSTEMS
    DASARI NAVYA –B160562CE
    BHAWANI SAINI – B160450CE
    SUSHIL INANIYAN – B160305CE
    CONTENTS
    • What is an Ecosystem?
    • Ecosystem Processes
    • Coastal Ecosystem
    • Coastal Ecosystem types
    • Coastal Ecosystem services
    • Threats to Coastal Ecosystems
    • Protection Measures
    • Summary
    WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM?
    • Functional unit of Nature
    • Living organisms interact among themselves and with the surrounding environment
    • Varies in size from small pond to large forest or sea
    • Terrestrial, Aquatic and man made ecosystems
    • Base for wide range of economic, environmental and aesthetic goods and services
    ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES
    • Productivity
    • Decomposition
    • Energy Flow
    • Nutrient Cycling
    COASTAL ECOSYSTEM
    • Areas where land and water join
    to create an environment with a
    distinct structure, diversity, and
    flow of energy
    • Valuable due to their richness in
    productivity and diversity
    Freshwater Ecosystems

    Streams

    Lakes

    Wetlands
    STREAMS
    • Lotic systems- Flowing water bodies
    • Oxygen rich due to constant mixing
    • Deeper and wider as it ages
    • Strong currents
    • Include Fishes, molluscs, insects,
    reptiles, plants and algae
    LAKES
    • Lentic systems-Standing Water bodies
    • Limited species diversities
    • Littoral zone-aquatic plants and animals
    • Benthic zone-Bacteria, decomposers,
    Bottom feeding fishes
    • Eutrophic lakes-overgrowth of plants,
    algae and bacteria
    WETLANDS

    MARSHES SWAMPS
    • Areas of land covered by water for part of the year • Wetland dominated by woody plants

    • Non tidal are Freshwater • Water tolerant trees-cypress, Tupelo


    • Forested swamps and Shrub swamps
    • Plentiful Nutrients
    • Wood Ducks, River Otters, shrimp, Cray fish, American
    • Abundance of plant and animal life Crocodile
    • Highly organic mineral rich soil • Shallow water for miles in dry years
    • Prairie potholes, playa lakes, vernal pools and wet • Buttonbush, Willow, Dogwood and swamp rose
    meadows • Flood protection and Nutrient removal
    SAND BEACHES AND DUNES
    • Beaches are constantly reshaped by waves
    • Dunes act like Shields that bear all the
    heavy impacts of the waves
    • Ideal places to get some fresh air
    • Unique vegetation like sea grape, saw
    palmetto, Cabbage palm, Cactus, live Oak
    Hammock
    • Sea turtles, sand crabs, talitrid amphipods
    ROCKY BEACHES
    • Coastal shores made from solid rock
    • little snails, mussels, oysters,
    tubeworms, crabs and starfish
    • Algae like sea lettuce can be found
    • Visited by many birds and animals
    • Penguins, shags, gannets and albatross
    HEADLANDS
    • Land bordered by either salt or
    fresh water on three sides
    • Made up of hard rocks
    • Swimming and surfing
    • Large diversity of species
    • Mammals like coyotes, deer,
    rabbits and bobcats
    ESTUARIES
    • Freshwater river meets the ocean
    • Water level and salinity rise and fall with tides
    • Dense, seawater flows into estuary
    • Less Dense, freshwater flows into estuary
    • Small fish, shell fish, migrating birds and animals
    • Rich in nutrients
    • Filter feeders regulate toxins in water
    • Helps in Development of trade and communication
    COASTAL LAGOONS
    • Shallow body of water protected
    from larger body(sea) by sandbars
    and barrier islands
    • Rich in biodiversity
    • Besides fishing, visitors enjoy
    boating, parasailing and many
    other recreational activities
    TIDAL WETLANDS
    • Salty Marshes
    • Short smooth cord grass, spike grass,
    saltmeadow rush
    • Vital food and habitat for clams, crabs and
    juvenile fish
    • Offers shelter for migratory waterfowl
    • Slow shoreline erosion, absorb nutrients before
    they reach oceans and estuaries
    MANGROVES
    • Shrub or small tree that grows in coastal
    saline or brackish water
    • Protect shoreline from damaging winds,
    waves and floods
    • Acts like breeding, spawning and hatching
    grounds
    • Common mangrove grows upto 9 meters
    tall
    • Wood of some species is hard and durable
    CORAL REEFS
    • Built over hundred years by tiny animals
    called corals
    • Millions of marine species call coral reefs
    as homes
    • Built through deposition of calcium
    carbonate by corals
    • Receive nutrient from phytoplankton
    • Serious threat due to pollution
    MACROALGAL FORESTS
    • Also called kelp forests
    • Lives in clear water conditions where
    light penetrates
    • Most of the kelp falls ocean floor
    • Urchins, abalone, lobster, sea
    cucumbers, rockfishes
    • California sea lions, harbour seals, sea
    otters and whales feed on these
    SEAGRASS MEADOWS
    • Species of long green grass like leaves
    • Found in shallow salty or brackish waters
    • Provides shelter for diverse community of
    free swimming animals
    • Clean the surrounding water
    • Habitat for non moving animals
    • Their roots trap and stabilize the sediments
    • Known as lungs of the sea
    COASTAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
    • Provisional services
    • Supporting services
    • Cultural services
    • Regulating services
    THREATS TO COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS

    • Eutrophication
    • Water Pollution
    • Fishing
    • Climate Change
    PROTECTION MEASURES
    · Pick Up Trash, and Reduce, Reuse & Recycle Plastic
    · Conserve Water
    · Use Environmentally-Friendly Products
    · Make Safe, Sustainable Seafood Choices
    · Use Fewer Plastic Products
    SUMMARY

    • Indian coastal area is very rich in biological diversity  


    • Coastal environments are under increasing pressure as a result of
    increasing human populations.
    • Coastal areas receive the byproducts of inland human activities,
    from rivers and atmospheric deposition. It effects Coastal
    ecosystem.
    • The ocean is the largest ecosystem on Earth.
    REFERENCES
    • Agardy, T., 1997: Marine Protected Areas and Ocean Conservation. RG
    Landes Company and Academic Press, Austin, TX (USA), 244 pp.
    • Griffis, R.B. and K.W. Kimball, 1996: Ecosystem approaches to coastal
    and ocean stewardship. Ecological Applications, 6(3), 708–712.
    • THE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY COUNCIL
    • https://enviroliteracy.org/water/coastal-areas/
    • https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coastalthreat.html

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