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Python NumPy

NumPy is an open-source Python library essential for numerical and scientific computing, providing support for multi-dimensional arrays, mathematical functions, and linear algebra. Key features include N-dimensional arrays, broadcasting, vectorization, and a random module, making it faster and more efficient than Python lists. It serves as the foundation for many data science libraries and is crucial for tasks in scientific computing, data analysis, and machine learning.

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3 views

Python NumPy

NumPy is an open-source Python library essential for numerical and scientific computing, providing support for multi-dimensional arrays, mathematical functions, and linear algebra. Key features include N-dimensional arrays, broadcasting, vectorization, and a random module, making it faster and more efficient than Python lists. It serves as the foundation for many data science libraries and is crucial for tasks in scientific computing, data analysis, and machine learning.

Uploaded by

Jayasankar Shyam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NumPy: The Fundamental Package for Numerical Computing in Python

Overview

NumPy (short for Numerical Python) is a powerful open-source Python library used for
numerical and scientific computing. It provides support for multi-dimensional arrays,
mathematical functions, linear algebra, random number generation, and more. NumPy
forms the foundation of many other data science libraries, including Pandas, SciPy, scikit-learn,
and TensorFlow.

Key Features of NumPy

1. N-Dimensional Arrays (ndarray)


At the core of NumPy is the ndarray object, an efficient and flexible container for large
datasets.

python
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import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])
print(arr)

2. Broadcasting
Automatically expands smaller arrays during arithmetic operations to match the shape of
larger arrays.

python
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a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = 2
print(a + b) # Output: [3 4 5]

3. Vectorization
Replace loops with array expressions, making operations faster and more readable.

python
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arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(arr * 2) # Output: [2 4 6 8]

4. Mathematical Functions
NumPy provides a wide variety of mathematical functions like np.mean(), np.sum(),
np.std(), np.exp(), and np.sin().
5. Linear Algebra
Support for matrix operations, eigenvalues, determinants, and more via numpy.linalg.

python
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A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
B = np.linalg.inv(A)

6. Random Module
For generating random numbers, simulating distributions, or performing Monte Carlo
simulations.

python
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rand_nums = np.random.rand(3)

7. Performance
NumPy is implemented in C and optimized for speed. It is much faster than using Python
lists for numerical operations.

Comparison: NumPy Array vs Python List

Feature Python List NumPy Array


Data Type Mixed types Homogeneous
Speed Slower Much faster
Memory Usage Higher Lower
Operations Manual (loops) Vectorized

Use Cases

• Scientific computing and simulations


• Data analysis and preprocessing
• Machine learning (with libraries like scikit-learn, TensorFlow)
• Signal and image processing
• Financial modeling

Conclusion

NumPy is essential for any work involving numerical data in Python. Its speed, efficiency, and
extensive functionality make it a must-know library for data scientists, engineers, and
researchers. Learning NumPy is typically the first step before moving on to higher-level libraries
like Pandas, SciPy, or TensorFlow.

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