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chapter 3 numpy data analysis

The document provides an overview of the NumPy library, emphasizing its significance in Python for data analysis and scientific computing. It details key features such as the ndarray object, mathematical operations, and statistical functions, highlighting their efficiency and importance for handling large datasets. Additionally, it covers real-world applications and concludes with a recap of essential functions and their interconnections.

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khaalidbinuwaliid2010
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2 views

chapter 3 numpy data analysis

The document provides an overview of the NumPy library, emphasizing its significance in Python for data analysis and scientific computing. It details key features such as the ndarray object, mathematical operations, and statistical functions, highlighting their efficiency and importance for handling large datasets. Additionally, it covers real-world applications and concludes with a recap of essential functions and their interconnections.

Uploaded by

khaalidbinuwaliid2010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NumPy Library

Chapter 3
Introduction to NumPy
• • What is NumPy?
• • Importance of NumPy in Python for data
analysis and scientific computing
• • Key features: speed, efficiency, and array-
based operations
Numerical Python (NumPy)

• NumPy is the most foundational package for numerical computing in Python.


• If you are going to work on data analysis or machine learning projects, then
having a solid understanding of NumPy is nearly mandatory.
• Indeed, many other libraries, such as pandas and scikit-learn, use NumPy’s array
objects as the lingua franca for data exchange.
• One of the reasons as to why NumPy is so important for numerical computations
is because it is designed for efficiency with large arrays of data. The reasons for
this include:
- It stores data internally in a continuous block of memory, independent
of other in-built Python objects.
- It performs complex computations on entire arrays without the need
for for loops.
What you’ll find in NumPy

• ndarray: an efficient multidimensional array providing fast array-


orientated arithmetic operations and flexible broadcasting
capabilities.
• Mathematical functions for fast operations on entire arrays of data
without having to write loops.
• Tools for reading/writing array data to disk and working with
memory-mapped files.
• Linear algebra, random number generation, and Fourier transform
capabilities.
• A C API for connecting NumPy with libraries written in C, C++, and
FORTRAN. This is why Python is the language of choice for wrapping
legacy codebases.
The NumPy ndarray: A multi-
dimensional array object

• The NumPy ndarray object is a fast and flexible container for large
data sets in Python.
• NumPy arrays are a bit like Python lists, but are still a very different
beast at the same time.
• Arrays enable you to store multiple items of the same data type. It is
the facilities around the array object that makes NumPy so
convenient for performing math and data manipulations.
Overview of Mathematical Operations
• • Essential for data analysis
• • Efficiency of element-wise operations on
arrays
Basic Arithmetic Operations
• • np.add(), np.subtract(), np.multiply(),
np.divide()
• Example:
• import numpy as np
• a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
• b = np.array([4, 5, 6])
• print(np.add(a, b)) # Output: [5 7 9]
Advanced Mathematical Functions
• • np.power(), np.sqrt(), np.exp(), np.log()
• Efficient computation on large datasets
• Example:
• a = np.array([1, 4, 9, 16])
• print(np.sqrt(a)) # Output: [1. 2. 3. 4.]
Matrix Operations
• • np.dot() — Dot product
• • np.matmul() — Matrix multiplication
• Example:
• A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
• B = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]])
• print(np.dot(A, B))
Importance of Statistical Functions
• • Analyzing and summarizing data
• • Understanding data distribution and trends
Basic Statistical Measures
• • np.mean(), np.median(), np.std(), np.var()
• Example:
• data = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
• print(np.mean(data)) # Output: 30.0
Min, Max, and Sum Functions
• • np.min(), np.max(), np.sum()
• Used for performance metrics
Cumulative Functions
• • np.cumsum(), np.cumprod()
• Example:
• a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
• print(np.cumsum(a)) # Output: [1 3 6]
Why Sorting and Searching Matter
• • Organizing and retrieving data efficiently
• • Applications in data analysis and ML
Sorting Functions
• • np.sort(), np.argsort()
• Example:
• a = np.array([3, 1, 2])
• print(np.sort(a)) # Output: [1 2 3]
Searching Functions
• • np.where(), np.argmax(), np.argmin()
• Example:
• a = np.array([10, 20, 5, 30])
• print(np.argmax(a)) # Output: 3
Unique and Count Functions
• • np.unique()
• Efficient for cleaning and summarizing data
Understanding Array Shapes
• • Foundation of array operations
• • Importance of reshaping for compatibility
Shape and Dimension Functions
• • np.shape(), np.ndim(), np.size()
• Example:
• a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
• print(np.shape(a)) # Output: (2, 2)
Real-World Applications
• • Data cleaning and preprocessing
• • Statistical analysis
• • Visualizing and summarizing data
• • Efficient modeling
Conclusion
• • Recap of key functions and their importance
• • How these categories work together
• • Questions and discussions

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