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Operator Precedence in Java with Example

The document explains operator precedence in Java, detailing how operators with higher precedence are evaluated before those with lower precedence. It includes a table of operators ranked by precedence and provides rules for evaluating expressions, such as the left-to-right evaluation of binary operators and the use of parentheses to alter evaluation order. Additionally, it presents a Java program demonstrating operator precedence through various expressions.

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atul
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Operator Precedence in Java with Example

The document explains operator precedence in Java, detailing how operators with higher precedence are evaluated before those with lower precedence. It includes a table of operators ranked by precedence and provides rules for evaluating expressions, such as the left-to-right evaluation of binary operators and the use of parentheses to alter evaluation order. Additionally, it presents a Java program demonstrating operator precedence through various expressions.

Uploaded by

atul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operator Precedence in Java with Example

In real life when we solve an expression containing multiple operators we follow some rules. For
example in an expression 2+3*4, we do the multiplication first before addition because the
multiplication operator has higher precedence than addition operator. The same applies in java
as well.

In java, operator precedence is a rule that tells us the precedence of different operators.
Operators with higher precedence are evaluated before operators with lower precedence. For
example in expression a+b*c, the operator * will be evaluated before + operator, because
operator * has higher precedence than + operator.

Table bellow shows the precedence of operators in decreasing order, the operators appearing
first in table have higher precedence than operators appearing later. Operators appearing in
same row of table have equal precedence. When operators of equal precedence appears in the
same expression, a rule governs the evaluation order which says that all binary operators except
for the assignment operator are evaluated from left to right while assignment operator is
evaluated from right to left. For example in expression 2+3-4, 2 and 3 is added first then 4 is
subtracted from it. Consider a and b as two operands for the examples given in below table.

Operators Precedence Example

Postfix expr++ expr-- a++ , a--

Unary ++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ ! ++a , --a , !a

Multiplicative */% a*b , a/b , a%b

Additive +- a+b , a-b

Shift << >> >>> a<<2 , a>>1

Relational < > <= >= instanceof a<2 , a>1

Equality == != a==b , a!=b

Bitwise AND & a&b


Bitwise exclusive OR ^ a^b

Bitwise inclusive OR | a|b

Logical AND && a&&b

Logical OR || a||b

Ternary ?: a = a>2 ? a : b

Assignment = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>= a=b, a+=b, a/=b, a>>=2

Which operator has highest precedence in java ?

The postfix operator(eg. a++, a--) has the highest precedence in java.

Which operator has lowest precedence in java ?

Assignment operator and it's different forms has the lowest precedence in java.

A programmer should remember bellow rules while evaluating an expression in java.

 The operands of operators are evaluated from left to right. For example in expression +
+a + b--, the operand ++a is evaluated first then b-- is evaluated.

 Every operand of an operator (except the conditional operators &&, ||, and ? :) are
evaluated completely before any part of the operation itself is performed. For example
in expression ++a + b--, the addition operation will take place only after ++a and b-- is
evaluated.

 The left-hand operand of a binary operator are evaluated completely before any part of
the right-hand operand is evaluated.

 Order of evaluation given by parenthesis () get's preference over operator precedence.

 The prefix version of ++ or -- evaluates/uses the incremented value in an expression


while postfix version of ++ or -- evaluates the current value, then increases/decreases
the operand value.

 All binary operators are evaluated from left to right except assignment operator.
What changes the precedence of the operators in Java ?

Parentheses "()" are used to alter the order of evaluation. For example in an

expression a+b*c, if you want the addition operation to take place first, then rewrite the

expression as (a+b)*c.

Java Program of Operator Precedence

class OperatorPrecedence {

public static void main (String[] args) {

int result = 0;

result = 5 + 2 * 3 - 1;

System.out.println("5 + 2 * 3 - 1 = " +result);

result = 5 + 4 / 2 + 6;

System.out.println("5 + 4 / 2 + 6 = " +result);

result = 3 + 6 / 2 * 3 - 1 + 2;

System.out.println("3 + 6 / 2 * 3 - 1 + 2 = " +result);

result = 6 / 2 * 3 * 2 / 3;

System.out.println("6 / 2 * 3 * 2 / 3 = " +result);

int x = 2;

result = x++ + x++ * --x / x++ - --x + 3 >> 1 | 2;

System.out.println("result = " +result);


}

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