Assignment #1

Agile Methodologies

Submitted by:

Laiba Tahir 23-Arid-3064

Hamna Rani 23-Arid-3050

Submitted To:
Mr. Awais Illyas
Course title:
Software Engineering.
Department:
BS (CS) 3rd.

Gujrat Institute of Management Sciences

PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi
Develop Implementation Plans for the Following Agile Methodologies:

 Crystal Agile Methodology

 Extreme Programming (XP)
 Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)
 Scrum

Scrum:

Overview:
Scrum is a framework used in agile project management, ideal for handling complex and
evolving projects.

Core Principles:
The foundation of Scrum rests on transparency, inspection, and adaptation.

Focus:
Emphasis is placed on team collaboration and iterative, sprint-based development.

Key Scrum Elements:

 Roles:
o Product Owner: Responsible for defining the project vision and prioritizing the backlog.
o Scrum Master: Ensures that Scrum practices are followed and removes obstacles.
o Development Team: A cross-functional group that develops and delivers product
increments.

 Artifacts:
o Product Backlog: A prioritized list of features and tasks.
o Sprint Backlog: Tasks selected for a specific sprint.
o Increment: A usable product version delivered at the end of a sprint.

 Events:
o Sprint: A time-boxed cycle (typically 1-4 weeks) for focused work.
o Sprint Planning: A meeting to define the sprint goal and the tasks to complete.
o Daily Scrum: A 15-minute meeting for team members to report progress and issues.
o Sprint Review: A session to present completed work to stakeholders for feedback.
o Sprint Retrospective: A reflection on the sprint to identify process improvements.

Example: Implementation Plan for School Management System (SMS)

Phase 1: Project Setup and Planning

 1. Define Key Roles
o Product Owner: Represents the school and sets priorities for SMS features.
o Scrum Master: Facilitates Scrum events and ensures smooth communication.
o Development Team: Builds and tests the SMS features.

2. Outline Project Goals and Requirements

o Collect input from stakeholders (e.g., teachers, students, administrators).
o Create and prioritize the Product Backlog based on essential features.
o Set initial sprint goals that target the core functionality.

3. Establish Sprint Schedule

o Sprint Duration: 2-week cycles.
o Daily Scrum: Short, 15-minute check-ins to discuss progress.

Phase 2: Sprint Cycles for Incremental Development

1. Sprint 1: Develop Student and Teacher Management Modules

o Focus on features like enrollment, profiles, and contact info.
o Gather feedback from stakeholders after review.

2. Sprint 2: Build Attendance Tracking and Grading Modules

o Implement attendance tracking and grading functionalities.
o Present features to users for feedback.

3. Sprint 3: Develop Timetable and Reporting Modules

o Focus on scheduling and report generation.
o Conduct sprint reviews for feedback and improvements.

Phase 3: Testing, Feedback, and Refinement

1. Comprehensive Testing: Ensure modules function well together.

2. User Feedback: Gather insights from users and refine features.
3. Project Retrospective: Review the development process for future improvements.

Phase 4: Deployment and Post-Launch Support

1. Final Approval and Deployment: Gain stakeholder approval and deploy the system.
2. Training and Support: Provide training to users and ensure ongoing support.
3. Continuous Improvement: Collect ongoing feedback and refine the system as needed.

Extreme Programming (XP) Methodology:

Overview:
XP focuses on improving software quality and adapting quickly to changes in customer
requirements.
Core Principles:

 Communication, Simplicity, Feedback, Courage, and Respect.

Key Practices:

 Pair Programming: Two developers work together on the same code.

 Test-Driven Development (TDD): Tests are written before code to ensure reliability.
 Continuous Integration: Regular merging of code to catch issues early.
 Frequent Releases: Deliver smaller, more frequent updates to gather feedback quickly.
 Refactoring: Regularly improving code quality without changing its functionality.

Example: Implementation Plan for School Management System (SMS) using XP

Methodology

Phase 1: Project Setup and Planning

1. Core Team Assembly

o Roles: Project Manager, Developers (using pair programming), Testers, UI/UX Designers,
School Representatives.
o Communication: Daily standups to discuss progress and challenges.

2. Requirement Definition
o User Stories: Define system needs with stakeholders (e.g., student management,
attendance).
o Prioritize: Focus on high-priority features for early development.

3. Prepare for Test-Driven Development (TDD)

o Write tests for each feature before coding starts.

4. Set Up Continuous Integration (CI)

o Automate testing to facilitate continuous integration and delivery.

Phase 2: Iterative Development with Small Releases

1. Iteration 1: Core Student and Teacher Management

o Modules: Enrollment, profiles, and scheduling.
o Pair programming and TDD ensure high code quality.
o Release: Deploy and gather user feedback.

2. Iteration 2: Attendance and Grading Modules

o Implement attendance tracking and basic grading functionality.
o Release: Gather feedback and refine features based on user insights.

3. Iteration 3: Timetable and Reporting Modules

o Implement scheduling and reporting features.
o Gather user feedback and adjust as needed.
Phase 3: Testing, Feedback, and Refinement

1. End-to-End Testing: Ensure all modules integrate properly and meet quality standards.
2. User Feedback: Refine features based on user feedback.
3. Simplicity: Simplify features by removing unnecessary complexity.

Phase 4: Final Review and Deployment

1. Final Review: Ensure all modules meet requirements and expectations.

2. Deployment: Roll out the system and provide user support.
3. Continuous Improvement: Ongoing updates based on user feedback.

Success Metrics

 User Satisfaction: Positive feedback on user needs being met.

 System Stability: Performance consistency over time.
 User Adoption: Seamless integration of the system into daily operations.

Crystal Agile Methodology:

Overview:
Crystal emphasizes adaptability, communication, and tailoring processes based on project size
and team needs.

Core Principles:

 People over Process: Prioritize skilled, effective team members and interactions.
 Frequent Delivery: Deliver small, regular updates to maintain momentum.
 Reflective Improvement: Continuously reflect on and improve processes as the project evolves.

Variants by Project Size:

 Crystal Clear: For small teams (1-6 members).

 Crystal Yellow: For medium-sized teams (7-20 members).
 Crystal Orange: For larger teams (21-40+ members).
 Crystal Red: For large-scale projects, employing more structured practices.

Key Practices:

 Frequent Communication: Daily standups and close collaboration.

 Ongoing User Feedback: Constant feedback from end-users.
 Automated Testing: Regular checks for code quality and functionality.
 Flexibility: Team members may switch roles as needed.

Example: Implementation Plan Summary for School Management System (SMS)

 1. Define Project Goals
o Simplify administrative tasks (attendance, grading).
o Improve communication among students, teachers, and parents.
o Centralize student information.

2. Build a Flexible Team

o Roles: Project Champion, Core Team (developers, testers, designers), User
Representatives.

3. Follow Key Principles

o Frequent Delivery: Release updates every 2-3 weeks for feedback.
o Open Communication: Daily check-ins to discuss progress.

4. User-Focused Development
o User Stories: Define needs (e.g., “As a teacher, I want to take attendance quickly”).
o Continuous Feedback: Involve user representatives in review cycles.

5. Implementation Phases
o Phase 1: Develop core features like registration and attendance.
o Phase 2: Add grading and reporting, refined by Phase 1 feedback.
o Phase 3: Introduce advanced features (e.g., parent portals, analytics).

6. Testing and Training

o Conduct usability testing with real users.
o Provide staff training to ensure smooth adoption.

7. Deployment and Support

o Gradual rollout to ensure smooth implementation.
o Establish a support system for users.

8. Review and Adapt

o Hold retrospectives after each phase to assess progress and make improvements.

Dynamic Systems Development Model (DSDM):

Overview:
DSDM is designed for rapid application development with an emphasis on delivering business
value early and iteratively.

Core Principles:

 Focus on the Business Need

 Deliver on Time
 Collaborate
 Iterate and Increment
  Build in Quality

Key Features:

 Timeboxing: Defined development periods to encourage timely delivery.

 Prototyping: Create prototypes to validate and visualize requirements.
 User Involvement: Continuous user feedback throughout development.